Electrostatic discharge test apparatus

Electrostatic discharge properties of materials are quantitatively measured and ranked. Samples (20) are rotated on a turntable (15) beneath selectable, co-available electrostatic chargers (30/40), one being a corona charging element (30) and the other a sample-engaging triboelectric charging element (40). They then pass under a voltage meter (25) to measure the amount of residual charge on the samples (20). After charging is discontinued, measurements are continued to record the charge decay history over time

Alien Registration- Smith, William C. (Mars Hill, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/34020/thumbnail.jp

Estimating unbiased treatment effects in education using a regression discontinuity design

The ability of regression discontinuity (RD) designs to provide an unbiased treatment effect while overcoming the ethical concerns plagued by Random Control Trials (RCTs) make it a valuable and useful approach in education evaluation. RD is the only explicitly recognized quasi-experimental approach identified by the Institute of Education Statistics to meet the prerequisites of a causal relationship. Unfortunately, the statistical complexity of the RD design has limited its application in education research. This article provides a less technical introduction to RD for education researchers and practitioners. Using visual analysis to aide conceptual understanding, the article walks readers through the essential steps of a Sharp RD design using hypothetical, but realistic, district intervention data and provides additional resources for further exploration. Accessed 7,566 times on https://pareonline.net from August 03, 2014 to December 31, 2019. For downloads from January 1, 2020 forward, please click on the PlumX Metrics link to the right

Determination of atmospheric moisture structure and infrared cooling rates from high resolution MAMS radiance data

This program has applied Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) high resolution data to the problem of monitoring atmospheric quantities of moisture and radiative flux at small spatial scales. MAMS, with 100-m horizontal resolution in its four infrared channels, was developed to study small scale atmospheric moisture and surface thermal variability, especially as related to the development of clouds, precipitation, and severe storms. High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) data has been used to develop a high spectral resolution retrieval algorithm for producing vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and moisture. The results of this program are summarized and a list of publications resulting from this contract is presented. Selected publications are attached as an appendix

The Nusselt numbers of horizontal convection

We consider the problem of horizontal convection in which non-uniform buoyancy, $b_{\rm s}(x,y)$, is imposed on the top surface of a container and all other surfaces are insulating. Horizontal convection produces a net horizontal flux of buoyancy, $\mathbf{J}$, defined by vertically and temporally averaging the interior horizontal flux of buoyancy. We show that $\overline{\mathbf{J}\cdot\mathbf{\nabla}b_{\rm s}}=-\kappa\langle|\boldsymbol{\nabla}b|^2\rangle$; overbar denotes a space-time average over the top surface, angle brackets denote a volume-time average and $\kappa$ is the molecular diffusivity of buoyancy $b$. This connection between $\mathbf{J}$ and $\kappa\langle|\boldsymbol{\nabla}b|^2\rangle$ justifies the definition of the horizontal-convective Nusselt number, $Nu$, as the ratio of $\kappa \langle|\boldsymbol{\nabla}b|^2\rangle$ to the corresponding quantity produced by molecular diffusion alone. We discuss the advantages of this definition of $Nu$ over other definitions of horizontal-convective Nusselt number currently in use. We investigate transient effects and show that $\kappa \langle|\boldsymbol{\nabla}b|^2\rangle$ equilibrates more rapidly than other global averages, such as the domain averaged kinetic energy and bottom buoyancy. We show that $\kappa\langle|\boldsymbol{\nabla} b|^2\rangle$ is essentially the volume-averaged rate of Boussinesq entropy production within the enclosure. In statistical steady state, the interior entropy production is balanced by a flux of entropy through the top surface. This leads to an equivalent "surface Nusselt number", defined as the surface average of vertical buoyancy flux through the top surface times the imposed surface buoyancy $b_{\rm s}(x,y)$. In experiments it is likely easier to evaluate the surface entropy flux, rather than the volume integral of $|\mathbf{\nabla}b|^2$ demanded by $\kappa\langle|\mathbf{\nabla}b|^2\rangle$.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure