Transcriptomic profiling of skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise and inactivity

The authors are supported by grants from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493, NNF17OC0030088 and NNF14OC0009941), Swedish Diabetes Foundation (DIA2018-357, DIA2018-336), Swedish Research Council (2015-00165, 2018-02389), the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet (2009-1068), the Stockholm County Council (SLL20150517, SLL20170159), the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science (P2018-0097), and the EFSD European Research Programme on New Targets for Type 2 Diabetes supported by an educational research grant from MSD. L.D. was supported by a Novo Nordisk postdoctoral fellowship run in partnership with Karolinska Institutet. B.M.G. was supported by a fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation (Sweden). N.J.P. was supported by an Individual Fellowship from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (European Commission, 704978, 675610) and grants from the Sigurd och Elsa Goljes Minne and Lars Hiertas Minne Foundations (Sweden). D.J.B. was supported by the ANZ Mason Foundation and Australian Research Council Discovery Program (ARC DP140104165). Additional support was received from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research at the University of Copenhagen (NNF18CC0034900) (to J.R.Z.). We thank Dr. Nanjiang Shu from National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS) for setting up the web-server. We also thank EGI federated cloud for providing the computer resource for hosting the web-server. We acknowledge the Beta Cell in-vivo Imaging/Extracellular Flux Analysis core facility supported by the Strategic Research Program (SRP) in Diabetes for the usage of the Seahorse flux analyzer. Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Afternoon exercise is more efficacious than morning exercise at improving blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes : a randomised crossover trial

Data availability The data analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Funding The authors are supported by grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493 and NNF14OC0009941), Swedish Diabetes Foundation (DIA2015-052), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Swedish Research Council (2015-00165), Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet (2009-1068), Stockholm County Council (SLL20150517 and SLL20170159) and Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (20150423).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Comparative profiling of skeletal muscle models reveals heterogeneity of transcriptome and metabolism

We acknowledge the Beta Cell in-vivo Imaging/Extracellular Flux Analysis core facility, supported by the Strategic Research Program (SRP) in Diabetes, for the use of the Seahorse flux analyzer. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS A.M.A. and N.J.P. conceived and designed research; A.M.A., L.S.P., J.A.B.S., B.M.G., M.S., L.D., A.V.C., and N.J.P. performed experiments; A.M.A., L.S.P., J.A.B.S., B.M.G., M.S., L.D., A.V.C., and N.J.P. analyzed data; A.M.A., L.S.P., J.A.B.S., B.M.G., M.S., L.D., A.V.C., A.K., J.R.Z., and N.J.P. interpreted results of experiments; A.M.A. and N.J.P. prepared figures; A.M.A. and N.J.P. drafted manuscript; A.M.A., L.S.P., J.A.B.S., B.M.G., M.S., L.D., A.V.C., A.K., J.R.Z., and N.J.P. edited and revised manuscript; A.M.A., L.S.P., J.A.B.S., B.M.G., M.S., L.D., A.V.C., A.K., J.R.Z., and N.J.P. approved final version of manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

London Hybrid Exposure Model: Improving Human Exposure Estimates to NO2 and PM2.5 in an Urban Setting.

Here we describe the development of the London Hybrid Exposure Model (LHEM), which calculates exposure of the Greater London population to outdoor air pollution sources, in-buildings, in-vehicles, and outdoors, using survey data of when and where people spend their time. For comparison and to estimate exposure misclassification we compared Londoners LHEM exposure with exposure at the residential address, a commonly used exposure metric in epidemiological research. In 2011, the mean annual LHEM exposure to outdoor sources was estimated to be 37% lower for PM2.5 and 63% lower for NO2 than at the residential address. These decreased estimates reflect the effects of reduced exposure indoors, the amount of time spent indoors (∼95%), and the mode and duration of travel in London. We find that an individual's exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 outside their residential address is highly correlated (Pearson's R of 0.9). In contrast, LHEM exposure estimates for PM2.5 and NO2 suggest that the degree of correlation is influenced by their exposure in different transport modes. Further development of the LHEM has the potential to increase the understanding of exposure error and bias in time-series and cohort studies and thus better distinguish the independent effects of NO2 and PM2.5

Disrupted circadian oscillations in type 2 diabetes are linked to altered rhythmic mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle

Funding: The authors are supported by grants from the AstraZeneca SciLifeLab Research Programme, Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493, and NNF17OC0030088), Swedish Diabetes Foundation (DIA2018-357), Swedish Research Council (2015-00165 and 2018-02389), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2018-0094), the Strategic Research Programme in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet (2009-1068), the Stockholm County Council (SLL20170159), and the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science (P2019-0140). B.M.G. was supported by fellowships from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF19OC0055072), the Wenner-Gren Foundation, an Albert Renold Travel Fellowship from the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, and an Eric Reid Fund for Methodology from the Biochemical Society. N.J.P. and L.S.-P. were supported by an Individual Fellowship from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (European Commission: 704978 and 675610). X.Z. and K.A.E. were supported by NIH R01AR066082. N.J.P. was supported by grants from the Sigurd och Elsa Goljes Minne and Lars Hierta Memorial Foundations (Sweden). We acknowledge the Beta Cell in-vivo Imaging/Extracellular Flux Analysis core facility supported by the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes for the usage of the Seahorse flux analyzer. Additional support was received from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research at the University of Copenhagen (NNF18CC0034900). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center at the University of Copenhagen, partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation. We acknowledge the Single-Cell Omics platform at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research for technical and computational expertise and support. Schematics are created with BioRender.com.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in New England Seals, United States

We report the spillover of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) into marine mammals in the northeastern United States, coincident with H5N1 in sympatric wild birds. Our data indicate monitoring both wild coastal birds and marine mammals will be critical to determine pandemic potential of influenza A viruses

American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Center of International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Clinical Practice Recommendations for Transplantation and Cellular Therapies in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Autologous (auto-) and allogeneic (allo-) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are accepted treatment modalities in contemporary treatment algorithms for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy recently received approval for MCL; however, its exact place and sequence in relation to HCT remain unclear. The American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Center of International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation jointly convened an expert panel to formulate consensus recommendations for role, timing, and sequencing of auto-HCT, allo-HCT, and CAR T cell therapy for patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory (R/R) MCL. The RAND-modified Delphi method was used to generate consensus statements. Seventeen consensus statements were generated, with a few key statements as follows: in the first line setting, auto-HCT consolidation represents standard of care in eligible patients, whereas there is no clear role of allo-HCT or CAR T cell therapy outside of clinical trials. In the R/R setting, the preferential option is CAR T cell therapy, especially in patients with MCL failing or intolerant to at least one Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, while allo-HCT is recommended if CAR T cell therapy fails or is infeasible. Several recommendations were based on expert opinion, where the panel developed consensus statements for important real-world clinical scenarios to guide clinical practice. In the absence of contemporary evidence-based data, the panel found RAND-modified Delphi methodology effective in providing a formal framework for developing consensus recommendations for the timing and sequence of cellular therapies for MCL

US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference

Underwater Application of Quantitative PCR on an Ocean Mooring

The Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) is a device that allows for the underwater, autonomous application of DNA and protein probe array technologies as a means to remotely identify and quantify, in situ, marine microorganisms and substances they produce. Here, we added functionality to the ESP through the development and incorporation of a module capable of solid-phase nucleic acid extraction and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Samples collected by the instrument were homogenized in a chaotropic buffer compatible with direct detection of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and nucleic acid purification. From a single sample, both an rRNA community profile and select gene abundances were ascertained. To illustrate this functionality, we focused on bacterioplankton commonly found along the central coast of California and that are known to vary in accordance with different oceanic conditions. DNA probe arrays targeting rRNA revealed the presence of 16S rRNA indicative of marine crenarchaea, SAR11 and marine cyanobacteria; in parallel, qPCR was used to detect 16S rRNA genes from the former two groups and the large subunit RuBisCo gene (rbcL) from Synecchococcus. The PCR-enabled ESP was deployed on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay for 28 days during the spring-summer upwelling season. The distributions of the targeted bacterioplankon groups were as expected, with the exception of an increase in abundance of marine crenarchaea in anomalous nitrate-rich, low-salinity waters. The unexpected co-occurrence demonstrated the utility of the ESP in detecting novel events relative to previously described distributions of particular bacterioplankton groups. The ESP can easily be configured to detect and enumerate genes and gene products from a wide range of organisms. This study demonstrated for the first time that gene abundances could be assessed autonomously, underwater in near real-time and referenced against prevailing chemical, physical and bulk biological conditions