'Picturesque and dramatic' or 'dull recitals of threadbare fare': good practice in history teaching in elementary schools in England, 1872-1905

This article draws on late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century teaching manuals, reports of Her Majesty's Inspectors, history textbooks ('readers'), other administrators' and teachers' accounts, policy documents and pupils' reminiscences to refute common and generalised assessments of the period (often by those who have not looked closely at these specific sources) that the teaching of history was a negative and boring experience, limited mainly and simply to reading comprehension of lengthy pages devoid of timelines and visual materials. The article concentrates on the experience of English elementary schools and draws comparisons between past and present teaching approaches. The findings show that there is extant evidence that there did exist in the late Victorian period clear conceptions of how to make history accessible to children, many of which reflect current best practice in the subject. They also show that many leading educationalists, and probably the teachers who read them, were aware of the need to make the subject accessible to children. The pupils themselves have left very little evidence of their experience, but some pupils were enabled to develop picturesque understandings of the past of benefit to their lives beyond the classroom. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis

Can international alliances influence sustainable fashion practices: a UK/Bangladesh experience?

The presentation will outline current work that has been undertaken as part of a three-year British Council funded Development Partnerships in Higher Education (DelPHE) project that brings together international collaboration between London College of Fashion (LCF), the BGMEA Institute of Fashion Technology (BIFT) in Dhaka and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). As retailers are increasingly under pressure to ensure that ethical and environmental standards run all the way through the supply chain, there is a need for research projects to explore best practice and ways forward to improve the competitiveness of the Bangladesh manufacturing sector to add value in this area

The question of ‘alternatives’ within food and drink markets and marketing: introduction to the special issue

The question of 'alternatives' within food and drink markets and marketing: introduction to the special issu

The influence of Wesleyan Methodism on elementary education in England in the period 1849-1902 with particular reference to the work of Dr. James Harrison Rigg

The thesis intends to look at the Wesleyan effort in elementary education in the second half of the nineteenth century and aims to assess the educational work of Dr. James Harrison Rigg, who was President of the Wesleyan Conference on two occasions and acted as Principal of the Wesleyan Westminster Training College for 35 years. The only work published on Dr. Rigg is a biography, written by his son-in-law, John Telford, in the year of his death, 1909. (John Telford: The Life of Dr James Harrison Riqq, Culley, London 1909. )The Methodist educational effort has been surveyed in a number of studies. H. F. Mathews has looked in some detail at the Methodist contribution before the 1850s in his book Methodism and the Education of the People 1791-1851, (Epworth, London, 1949) and conducted a broad survey of the period 1851 to 1954 in his unpublished PhD. thesis of 1954 'Methodism and the Education of the People (since 1851)' (London (Ext) PhD. 1954). Only a small proportion is devoted to the later 19th Century and he does not analyse the philosophical bases of Wesleyan education, largely ignoring the works of Rigg, with only two of his published works quoted in the thesis. F. C. Pritchard has written studies of Westminster College and of the Wesleyan contribution to Secondary education (MethodistSecondary Education, Epworth, London, 1949) but he also ignores elementary education. H. F. Cloke studied the wide period 1739-1902 in his unpublished M. A. thesis 'Wesleyan Methodism's Contribution to National Education, 1739-1902', London 1936. Over half this thesis looks at the work of John Wesley and early educational initiatives, and only few pages are devoted to the period 1850-1902. Although he does make several references to Rigg, Cloke does not analyse his influence on Wesleyan policies.Little research has taken place on Methodist education since the 1940s. The late Marjorie Cruikshank made mention of Methodist reactions to the educational legislation after 1870 in 'Church and State in Religious Education' (1963). D. Hempton has made valuable contributions to Wesleyan history in Methodism and Politics in British Society. 1750-1850 (Hutchinson, 1984) and in his article in the HISTORY OF EDUCATION, 1979, entitled 'Wesleyan Methodism and Educational Politics in Early 19th Century England' as well as his thesis on 'Methodism and Anti-Catholic Politics, 1800-1846' (St. Andrews, 1977). All of these studies concentrate on the early 19th Century. The Wesleyan contribution to education after 1849 is largely ignored. H. Foreman's unpublished M. A. thesis, "Nonconformity and Education in England and Wales, 1700-1902', (London M.A.(Ext.)1967) is also a very wide survey. The latter part of the thesis does deal with the period in question, but concentrates on the work of the National Education League and other dissenting bodies, and does not deal with Methodism in great detail. Nor does he assess the work of Rigg. This study hopes to fill the gap by researching the influence of J. H. Rigg on national elementary education in this period and the philosophical bases of Wesleyan elementary education after 1849. In particular it will assess the influence of anti-clericalism in formulating Wesleyan education policy. It will use previously unused reports of the Wesleyan Education Committee, the Methodist newspapers of the period and the reports of H. M. I. and the unpublished correspondence of Rigg, as well as his published work on education. It will also reassess the Methodist attitude towards government legislation in this period. 1849 is chosen as a starting point simply because it was the year in which Rigg published his first article on educational policy

Limb-darkening functions as derived from along-track operation of the ERBE scanning radiometer for January 1985

During January 1985, the scanning radiometer aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite was operated to scan along-track. These data have been analyzed to produce limb-darkening functions for Earth emitted radiation, which relate the radiance in any given direction to the radiant exitance. Limb-darkening functions are presented in tabular form and shown as figures for 10 day cases and 12 night cases, corresponding to various scene types and latitude zones. The scene types were computed using measurements within 10 deg of zenith. The limb-darkening functions have values of 1.03 to 1.09 at zenith, with 1.06 being typical. It is found that latitude causes a variation on the order of 1 percent, except for zenith angles greater than 70 deg. These limb-darkening models are about 2 percent higher at zenith than the models derived from Nimbus 7 data

The Radial Structure of SNR N103B

We report on the results from a Chandra ACIS observation of the young, compact, supernova remnant N103B. The unprecedented spatial resolution of Chandra reveals sub-arcsecond structure, both in the brightness and in spectral variations. Underlying these small-scale variations is a surprisingly simple radial structure in the equivalent widths of the strong Si and S emission lines. We investigate these radial variations through spatially resolved spectroscopy using a plane-parallel, non-equilibrium ionization model with multiple components. The majority of the emission arises from components with a temperature of 1 keV: a fully ionized hydrogen component; a high ionization timescale (n_e*t > 10^12 s cm^-3) component containing Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe; and a low ionization timescale (n_e*t ~ 10^{11} s cm^-3) O, Ne, and Mg component. To reproduce the strong Fe Kalpha line, it is necessary to include additional Fe in a hot (> 2 keV), low ionization (n_e*t ~ 10^10.8 s cm^-3) component. This hot Fe may be in the form of hot Fe bubbles, formed in the radioactive decay of clumps of 56Ni. We find no radial variation in the ionization timescales or temperatures of the various components. Rather, the Si and S equivalent widths increase at large radii because these lines, as well as those of Ar and Ca, are formed in a shell occupying the outer half of the remnant. A shell of hot Fe is located interior to this, but there is a large region of overlap between these two shells. In the inner 30% of the remnant, there is a core of cooler, 1 keV Fe. We find that the distribution of the ejecta and the yields of the intermediate mass species are consistent with model prediction for Type Ia events.Comment: 34 pages, including 7 tables and 7 figures, Accepted by Ap

Long Term Comparison of Alternative Range Livestock Management Strategies Across Extended Droughts and Cyclical Prices

Variable precipitation, more importantly drought, impacts profitability for livestock management. Financial outcomes from management decisions related to forage shortages can be exacerbated by price variability. This research examines alternative management strategies to determine the potential profitability and riskiness over a long-term horizon and across various drought event scenarios. Results indicate that late calving can be a promising strategy, but it also can result in higher variability in profits as compared to some of the other strategies analyzed. Retaining ownership of steer calves over the winter, with the option to sell if forage supplies become scarce, outperforms both partial liquidation and summer feeding, and it results in less profit variability than late calving or early weaning.Production Economics, Productivity Analysis,

Searching for Star Formation Beyond Reionization

The goal of searching back in cosmic time to find star formation during the epoch of reionization will soon be within reach. We assess the detectability of high-redshift galaxies by combining cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy formation, stellar evolution models appropriate for the first generations of stars, and estimates of the efficiency for Lyman alpha to escape from forming galaxies into the intergalactic medium. Our simulated observations show that Lyman alpha emission at z ~ 8 may be observable in the near-infrared with 8-meter class telescopes and present-day technology. Not only is the detection of early star-forming objects vital to understanding the underlying cause of the reionization of the universe, but the timely discovery of a z > 7 star-forming population -- or even an interesting upper limit on the emergent flux from these objects -- will have implications for the design of the next generation of ground- and space-based facilities.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to ApJ Letter