Renforcement sismique de piles de pont trapues par chemisage en béton fibré à ultra-hautes performances

RÉSUMÉ La majorité des ouvrages conçus avant 1980 ne répondent pas aux normes sismiques actuelles puisqu’à l’époque les exigences à ce niveau étaient moins élevées qu’aujourd’hui et surtout certaines considérations usuelles relatives au design de l’époque ont démontré leurs incapacités à résister aux charges sismiques. Depuis, les connaissances dans le domaine et les avancées technologiques des outils de calcul ont permis de comprendre davantage la réponse structurale à ces phénomènes rares pouvant néanmoins causer des dommages structuraux importants.----------ABSTRACT Most of bridges built before the ’80s do not respect current code requirements. At that time, seismic elated specifications were less severe than today’s and, mostly, some design methods used then are now proved to be wrong against loads due to earthquakes which can cause many considerable damages on structures. Many developments in seismic design from then were made, and they have helped to understand the seismic response better. Technology progress has also contributed to improving calculus methods. These bridges having major seismic design disabilities need some reinforcement to have a congruent design mostly on piers which are the structural element where plastic deformations are permitted to reduce seismic forces and hence, protect other structuralelements

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women : a short version Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis

Background Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a commonly used physical therapy for women with urinary incontinence (UI). Objectives To determine the effects of PFMT for women with UI in comparison to no treatment, placebo or other inactive control treatments. Search Methods Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialized Register, (searched 15 April 2013). Selection Criteria Randomized or quasi-randomized trials in women with stress, urgency or mixed UI (based on symptoms, signs, or urodynamics). Data Collection and Analysis At least two independent review authors carried out trial screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data abstraction. Trials were subgrouped by UI diagnosis. The quality of evidence was assessed by adopting the (GRADE) approach. Results Twenty-one trials (1281 women) were included; 18 trials (1051 women) contributed data to the meta-analysis. In women with stress UI, there was high quality evidence that PFMT is associated with cure (RR 8.38; 95% CI 3.68 to 19.07) and moderate quality evidence of cure or improvement (RR 17.33; 95% CI 4.31 to 69.64). In women with any type of UI, there was also moderate quality evidence that PFMT is associated with cure (RR 5.5; 95% CI 2.87–10.52), or cure and improvement (RR 2.39; 95% CI 1.64–3.47). Conclusions The addition of seven new trials did not change the essential findings of the earlier version of this review. In this iteration, using the GRADE quality criteria strengthened the recommendations for PFMT and a wider range of secondary outcomes (also generally in favor of PFMT) were reported

Dimethyl Sulfoxide Induces Both Direct and Indirect Tau Hyperphosphorylation

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent or vehicle for biological studies, and for treatment of specific disorders, including traumatic brain injury and several forms of amyloidosis. As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are characterized by deposits of β-amyloid peptides, it has been suggested that DMSO could be used as a treatment for this devastating disease. AD brains are also characterized by aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, but the effect of DMSO on tau phosphorylation is unknown. We thus investigated the impact of DMSO on tau phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. One hour following intraperitoneal administration of 1 or 2 ml/kg DMSO in mice, no change was observed in tau phosphorylation. However, at 4 ml/kg, tau was hyperphosphorylated at AT8 (Ser202/Thr205), PHF-1 (Ser396/Ser404) and AT180 (Thr231) epitopes. At this dose, we also noticed that the animals were hypothermic. When the mice were maintained normothermic, the effect of 4 ml/kg DMSO on tau hyperphosphorylation was prevented. On the other hand, in SH-SY5Y cells, 0.1% DMSO induced tau hyperphosphorylation at AT8 and AT180 phosphoepitopes in normothermic conditions. Globally, these findings demonstrate that DMSO can induce tau hyperphosphorylation indirectly via hypothermia in vivo, and directly in vitro. These data should caution researchers working with DMSO as it can induce artifactual results both in vivo and in vitro

Experiences of consequences, accountability and responsibility by men for their violence against women and their children

© 2013 Dr. Joanie SmithAssault by an intimate partner remains the most common form of violence women will experience (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006). More than a third of Australian women have experienced some form of intimate partner violence, whether physical assault or sexual violence (Access Economics, 2004; Mouzos & Makkai, 2004). Set within the Victorian Integrated Family Violence System, this PhD explores men’s, women’s and workers’ experiences of consequences and accountability for men’s violence against women and children. The aims for this research are firstly, to advance our knowledge about how consequences impact on men’s accountability and responsibility. In addition the intent is to contribute to the development of effective interventions with men who use violence, to reduce their violent behaviours and enhance the safety of women and children. The research aimed to expand understandings of men’s violence towards women through exploration of the following research questions: 1. How do formal and informal consequences experienced by participants impact on holding men accountable and responsible for their violence against women? 2. How does an intersectional analysis of men’s experiences contribute to an understanding of consequences, accountability and responsibility in men’s behaviour change and men’s motivation to change? 3. What are the implications of these findings for policy and practice? The importance of this research lies in its capacity to develop an evidence base about the form and impact of consequences in holding men accountable for their violence. The relevance for the social work field lies in further developing effective interventions with men who use violence against women and children, to reduce their violent behaviours and enhance women and children's safety. Sixty nine in-depth interviews were conducted with men, women and workers involved in Men’s Behaviour Change Programs (MBC programs) in regional Victoria. Participants were invited to share what consequences they experienced resulting from their violence, and the impact on accountability and responsibility for that violence. Women recruited through the partner support components of MBC programs were asked the same questions. These interviews occurred at two points of time six months apart over a three year period. Workers within these same programs were also interviewed. The consistencies and contradictions drawn from the triangulation of these experiences yielded rich data that shed light on participants’ experiences of consequences and accountability for men’s violence. Emergent results highlight the difficulties of service provision across integrated systems, the role of the justice system, child protection and the impact of women and children on men’s behaviour change

Child protection and fathering where there is domestic violence : Contradictions and consequences

Children live in different contexts of protection and vulnerability when exposed to domestic violence. The negative impacts for many children are consistent and widely acknowledged. However, the implication that this requires men who use violence to address their fathering has been slower to emerge. This article draws from 69 in-depth qualitative interviews with men, women, and workers across four men's behaviour change programmes in rural Victoria, Australia. Particular attention is given to men's attitudes to their fathering and the formal and informal consequences they experienced as a result of their violence and its impact on their fathering. Although most men came to recognize that their violence impacted their children, they failed to make the connection that the involvement of statutory child protection services in their lives was a direct consequence of their abusive behaviour. This article explores this disconnection by fathers who use violence, their attitude to the involvement of statutory child protection services, and identifies the implications for social work practitioners in addressing this issue

Researching collaborative processes in domestic violence perpetrator programs : Benchmarking for situation improvement

∙ Summary: This article reports on research undertaken in Victoria, Australia with workers from men’s behavior change programs (perpetrator programs) to explore the extent of the collaborative processes established with police, child protection, and other human service organizations. It poses the question: how do regional collaborative arrangements and the pathways to referral reflect the responsiveness of men’s behavior change programs to domestic violence service integration? It builds on a strand of research highlighting the significance of the wider domestic violence intervention system in holding men who use violence accountable. ∙ Findings: A research tool was designed around a Practice Matrix to outline different dimensions against which expectations of collaboration could be benchmarked in men’s behavior change programs. It was found that at this early stage within the domestic violence reform process in Victoria that the integration of programs within the wider domestic violence sector was relatively undeveloped. The feedback loops between agencies, which enable reporting on attendance, breaches of intervention orders, changes to the risk assessment, and progress at formal review points were relatively undeveloped. However, the formal engagement within domestic violence regional committees and with police was more developed. ∙ Application: Social workers, particularly in the vulnerable children’s area provide referrals to men’s behavior change programs. Active involvement in feedback, risk assessment review, monitoring for change support the accountability and collaborative effort required to strengthen the effectiveness of men’s behavior change and enhance the safety of women and their children. © The Author(s) 2013

Evaluation Of Serum Phosphorus Levels And Obesity

Higher dairy intake overall has been associated with lower risk for the metabolic syndrome while higher phosphorus (phos) intake has conversely shown greater risk for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The higher phos content in food preservatives and food flavorings and the greater phos absorption from consumption of animal products overall contribute to the poor dietary habits linked with the rising rate of obesity in the USA. We sought to determine whether higher levels of serum phos are associated with obesity within a large ethnically diverse population of patients who are free of kidney disease. In the period 1/1/2007-12/31/2011, all subjects age>17yrs with measured serum phos, documented eGFR>60ml/min, and documented body mass index (BMI) were identified from the Kaiser Permanente So Cal healthplan. Subjects were categorized into population based quartiles from phos values. Obesity was defined as BMI>25. Race/ethnicity, HTN, and DM were extracted from electronic medical records and the use of ICD codes. A total of 88,094 subjects were analyzed. In the univariate regressions, higher phos quartiles compared to the lowest quartile, had OR (95% CI) for obesity of 1.09(1.06-1.12), 1.06(1.03-1.08), and 1.05(1.02-1.07) respectively for phos quartiles 3.1-3.4(mg/dl), 3.5-3.9, 4.0-5.7 vs 1.9-3.0. Linear regressions showed every 0.5mg/dl phos increase demonstrated OR of 1.02 (1.01-1.02) for obesity. These differences were not sustained in the multivariable analyses. However, Blacks (1.29) and Hispanics (1.48) had higher risk for obesity while risk for Asians (0.38) were lower compared to whites (p<0.05). Presence of DM (2.00) and HTN (2.16) also had higher OR for obesity. In subjects without kidney disease, serum phos levels may be reflective of poor dietary habits and may represent a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome