Quantum dot emission from site-controlled ngan/gan micropyramid arrays

InxGa1−xN quantum dots have been fabricated by the selective growth of GaN micropyramid arrays topped with InGaN/GaN quantum wells. The spatially, spectrally, and time-resolved emission properties of these structures were measured using cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging and low-temperature microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. The presence of InGaN quantum dots was confirmed directly by the observation of sharp peaks in the emission spectrum at the pyramid apices. These luminescence peaks exhibit decay lifetimes of approximately 0.5 ns, with linewidths down to 650 me

Incomplete Sentences: Hobby Lobby’s Corporate Religious Rights, the Criminally Culpable Corporate Soul, and the Case for Greater Alignment of Organizational and Individual Sentencing

The article explores the history and policies that explain the disparate sentencing treatment of organizations and individuals under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and attendant sentencing guidelines. It reports the Supreme Court\u27s recognition of a business corporation\u27s religious rights in the case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc

Postgerminative growth and lipid catabolism in oilseeds lacking the glyoxylate cycle

The glyoxylate cycle is regarded as essential for postgerminative growth and seedling establishment in oilseed plants. We have identified two allelic Arabidopsis mutants, icl-1 and icl-2, which lack the glyoxylate cycle because of the absence of the key enzyme isocitrate lyase. These mutants demonstrate that the glyoxylate cycle is not essential for germination. Furthermore, photosynthesis can compensate for the absence of the glyoxylate cycle during postgerminative growth, and only when light intensity or day length is decreased does seedling establishment become compromised. The provision of exogenous sugars can overcome this growth deficiency. The icl mutants also demonstrate that the glyoxylate cycle is important for seedling survival and recovery after prolonged dark conditions that approximate growth in nature. Surprisingly, despite their inability to catalyze the net conversion of acetate to carbohydrate, mutant seedlings are able to break down storage lipids. Results suggest that lipids can be used as a source of carbon for respiration in germinating oilseeds and that products of fatty acid catabolism can pass from the peroxisome to the mitochondrion independently of the glyoxylate cycle. However, an additional anaplerotic source of carbon is required for lipid breakdown and seedling establishment. This source can be provided by the glyoxylate cycle or, in its absence, by exogenous sucrose or photosynthesis

Process studies of odour emissions from effluent ponds using machine-based odour measurement

Replicable experimental studies using a novel experimental facility and a machine-based odour quantification technique were conducted to demonstrate the relationship between odour emission rates and pond loading rates. The odour quantification technique consisted of an electronic nose, AromaScan A32S, and an artificial neural network. Odour concentrations determined by olfactometry were used along with the AromaScan responses to train the artificial neural network. The trained network was able to predict the odour emission rates for the test data with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Time averaged odour emission rates predicted by the machine-based odour quantification technique, were strongly correlated with volatile solids loading rate, demonstrating the increased magnitude of emissions from a heavily loaded effluent pond. However, it was not possible to obtain the same relationship between volatile solids loading rates and odour emission rates from the individual data. It is concluded that taking a limited number of odour samples over a short period is unlikely to provide a representative rate of odour emissions from an effluent pond. A continuous odour monitoring instrument will be required for that more demanding task

Children's working understanding of the knowledge gained from seeing and feeling

In three Experiments, (N = 48 3- to 4-year olds; 100 3- to 5-year olds; 54 4-yearolds), children who could see or feel a target toy, recognized when they had sufficient information to answer “Which one is it?” and when they needed additional access. They were weaker at taking the informative modality of access when the choice was between seeing more of a partially visible toy and feeling it; at doing so when the target was completely hidden; and at reporting seeing or feeling as their source of knowledge of the target’s identity having experienced both. Working understanding of the knowledge gained from seeing and feeling (identifying the target efficiently) was not necessarily in advance of explicit understanding (reporting the informative source)

Plant Quarantine and the International Transfer of Germplasm

CGIAR Study Paper on quarantine and pest and disease screening services in international transfers of plant genetic resources, and means of increasing the efficiency of germplasm exchanges. Written by Donald L. Plucknett of the CGIAR Secretariat and Nigel J. H. Smith of the University of Florida and published as CGIAR Study Paper No. 25, part of the series comprising the CGIAR impact study of the 1980s

Self-replication and evolution of DNA crystals

Is it possible to create a simple physical system that is capable of replicating itself? Can such a system evolve interesting behaviors, thus allowing it to adapt to a wide range of environments? This paper presents a design for such a replicator constructed exclusively from synthetic DNA. The basis for the replicator is crystal growth: information is stored in the spatial arrangement of monomers and copied from layer to layer by templating. Replication is achieved by fragmentation of crystals, which produces new crystals that carry the same information. Crystal replication avoids intrinsic problems associated with template-directed mechanisms for replication of one-dimensional polymers. A key innovation of our work is that by using programmable DNA tiles as the crystal monomers, we can design crystal growth processes that apply interesting selective pressures to the evolving sequences. While evolution requires that copying occur with high accuracy, we show how to adapt error-correction techniques from algorithmic self-assembly to lower the replication error rate as much as is required

International Agricultural Research: A Database of Networks

A CGIAR Study Paper containing a database of international agricultural research networks engaged in information exchange, material exchange, scientific consultation, and collaborative research. Assembled by Donald Plucknett and Selcuk Ozgediz of the CGIAR Secretariat and Nigel Smith of the University of Florida and published as CGIAR Study Paper No. 26

Fertilizing Agricultural Land with Rainbow Trout Manure for Growing Silage Corn

Field plots on a Portneuf silt loam (mesic, Durixerollic Calciothids) were fertilized with fish manure at 0, 200, 500, or 800 kg N/ ha or NH4NO3 at 0,100, 200, and 300 kg N/ha for one, two, or three years and planted to corn (Zea mays L.) for four consecutive years. Corn silage yields up to 24 Mg/ha (dry weight) were obtained the first season in 1979 with no significant differences because of the high residual fertility. Highly significant yield increases were obtained the second, third, and fourth season from manure or NH4NO3. The yields were somewhat lower than those obtained the first season. In four years of cropping to corn with manure applied for the first three crops, N recovery for the manure treatments was 18, 28, and 24% of applied manure N for the 200,500, and 800 kg N/ha applications for three years. In comparison treatments using NH4NO3, N recovery was 90, 59, and 57% for the NO, 200, and 300 kg N/ha treatments. The manure applications at 500 kg N/ha provided enough N for high corn silage yields and were about equal to the yields obtained with 200 kg N/ha as NH4NO3. Residual N fertility from the manure was greater than from NH4NO3

Microsystem technology development at Sandia National Laboratories

An overview of the major sensor and actuator projects using the micromachining capabilities of the Microelectronics Development Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories is presented. Development efforts are underway for a variety of surface micromachined sensors and actuators. A technology that embeds micromechanical devices below the surface of the wafer prior to microelectronics fabrication has also been developed for integrating microelectronics with surface micromachined micromechanical devices