ВПЛИВ ЗМІШАНОЛІГАНДНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ КОБАЛЬТУ НА ПЕРЕТРАВНІСТЬ ПОЖИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН ВИСОКОПРОДУКТИВНИХ КОРІВ ГОЛШТИНСЬКОЇ ПОРОДИ

The article highlights evidence of the effectiveness eliminate of Cobalt  deficit by using different levels of mixed lygand cobalt complex, and their effects on digestibility to obtain clean milk from highly productive Holstein cows of German selection. Tested cows were fed with small component forage mixture composed with concentrated feed–sulfate salts of copper, zinc, sodium selenite and mixed lygand cobalt complex. Sulfate salts of copper, zinc was introduced to cover the deficit of trace elements in a given feed mixture to normal, and selenium concentration was adjusted to 0,3 mg / kg diet dry matter and depending on the circuit experiment different doses of mixed lygand cobalt complex. Control was dose of mixed lygand cobalt complex, which covered the deficit by 75 % to normal. The experiments were conducted on Holstein cows and research groups have used doses of mixed lygand cobalt complex, which covered the deficit in cobalt on 85, 70, 55 and 40 %. Based on data obtained during the scientific and economic experiment, it was found that the elimination of the deficit cobalt in the forage mixture of 70 % by mixed lygand complex of cobalt in the diets of dairy cows of Holstein breed in the dry period and the first 100 days of lactation, provided the cow from the 3rd research group of this element and contributed to the highest digestibility of nutrients in the forage mixture compared with the control group, the 2nd,  the 4th and the 5th research groups. Digestibility coefficient for dry matter was higher by 2,5 % compared to the control, 2.7% against the 2nd experimental group, 1,2 % against the 4th and 3,2 % against the 5th respectively 1,4% organic, 1,0 %, 0,6 % and 1,5 %, protein – 1,4 %, 2,0 %, 0,8 % and 2,4 %, fat – 4,8 % 5,7 % , 0,7 % and 6,1 % fat – 3,0%, 3,5 %, 1,9 % and 3,9 %, MAR – 5,8 %, 4,4 %, 0,9 % and 1,4 %. Based on data obtained during the scientific and economic experiment proved that the best realized genetic potential  of highly productive cows of Holstein breed German selection in the forest–steppe zone of Ukraine to the elimination of zinc deficiency by 70 % through the use of  mixed lygand complex of  this element.  На основании данных, полученных при проведении научно-хозяйственного опыта, установлено, что ликвидация дефицита кобальта в кормосмеси на 70% за счет смешаннолигандных комплекса кобальта в рационах дойных коров голштинской породы в сухостойный период и первые 100 дней лактации, обеспечило коров 3-й исследовательской группы этим элементом и способствовало высокой переваримости питательных веществ кормосмеси по сравнению с контрольной группой и 2-й, 4-й и 5-й дослвиднимы группами. Коэффициент переваримости по сухому веществу был выше на 2,5% против контроля, 2,7% против 2-й опытной группы, 1,2% против 4-й и 3,2% против 5-й, соответственно органической 1,4% , 1,0%, 0,6% и 1,5%, протеина - 1,4%, 2,0%, 0,8%, и 2,4%, жира - 4,8%, 5,7% , 0,7%, и 6,1%, клетчатки - 3,0%, 3,5%, 1,9% и 3,9%, МАР - 5,8%, 4,4%, 0,9 %, и 1,4%.На підставі даних, отриманих під час проведення науково–господарського досліду, встановлено, що ліквідація дефіциту Кобальту в кормосуміші на 70 % за рахунок змішанолігандного комплексу Кобальту в раціонах дійних корів голштинської породи у сухостійний період і перші 100 днів лактації, забезпечило корів 3–ї дослідної групи цим елементом і сприяло найвищої перетравності поживних речовин кормосуміші порівняно з контрольною групою та 2–ю, 4–ю і 5–ю дослвідними групами. Коефіцієнт перетравності по сухій речовині був вищим на 2,5 % проти контролю, 2,7 % проти 2–ї дослідної групи, 1,2 % проти 4–ї і 3,2 % проти 5–ї, відповідно органічної 1,4 %, 1,0 %, 0,6 % і 1,5 %, протеїну – 1,4 %, 2,0 %, 0,8 %, і 2,4 %, жиру – 4,8 %, 5,7 %, 0,7 %, і 6,1 %,  клітковини – 3,0 %, 3,5 %, 1,9 %, і 3,9 %, БЕР – 5,8 %, 4,4 %, 0,9 %, і 1,4 %. &nbsp

Polymerization of Lactic Acid Using Microwave and Conventional Heating

The polymerization of lactic acid (LA) has been investigated by two methods: conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The reactions of polymerization have been carried out in two stages: at the beginning water is removed and oligomer is obtained; then, the catalysts/co-catalysts are added and reactions are carried out. Tin octoate, toluene sulfonic acid, 2-aminopropanoic acid (alanine) have been investigated as polymerization catalysts and the derivatives of 2,4,6,8- tetramethilol -2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane -3,7-dion (Tetraol), comprising atoms of Mg, Zn, Al have been synthesized for the first time. The structure of the synthesized catalyst has been investigated using the method of IR, {1}H NMR. It has been shown that the process of obtaining polylactic acid (PLA) by microwave irradiation proceeds hundreds of times faster. PLA samples synthesized by this method have the same optical characteristics as the PLA obtained by conventional heating

Comparative analysis of the intensity and previousness of the caries of teeth in two-year children in the city of Kirov.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the indicators of the intensity and prevalence of dental caries according to dental examinations of twoyear-old children in two districts of Kirov: Novovyatsky and Pervomaisky.В статье приведен сравнительный анализ показателей интенсивности и распространенности кариеса зубов по данным стоматологических осмотров двухлетних детей по двум районам г. Кирова: Нововятский и Первомайский

Coating of Silicon Nitride with Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet

For the plating of silicon nitride nanoparticles, the Pechini method (with the addition of citric acid) and synthesis with a gelatin were proposed. The obtained powders were investigated by the methods of X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy, qualitative composition of samples was determined, the influence of the synthesis method on garnet phase formation and coating character was studied.Для плакирования наночастиц нитрида кремня были рассмотрены метод соосаждения, метод Печини (с добавлением лимонной кислоты) и осаждение в желатиновой матрице. Полученные порошки были исследованы методами рентгенофазового анализа и растровой электронной микроскопии, определен качественный состав проб, изучено влияние метода синтеза на формирование фазы граната и характер покрытия.Исследование выполнено по гранту при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19–33–60084

Особенности эпидемиологического анамнеза пациентов с иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом в г. Москве

In the treatment of Lyme borreliosis (LB), early diagnosis is a key component. The epidemiological history of the patient plays one of the leading roles in suspected borreliosis and at the same time is an important criterion for clinical diagnosis.Purpose. Analysis of epidemiological history data in outpatient cases of LB in Moscow.Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort study, based on the analysis of data from 660 outpatient records of patients, referred by local physician with tick bite or suspicion of LB, and consulted by an infectious disease specialist on the basis of the Infectious clinical hospital No.1 in Moscow. For further analysis, patients were divided by age and the presence or absence of LB. Confirmation of LB was based on clinical and/or laboratory criteria using methods of enzyme immunoassay and immune blot.Results. We have updated the epidemiological features of the LB for Moscow, such as: the relative number of cases in the administrative districts of Moscow, places and seasonality of tick bites. Among children, compared with adults, cases of a tick bite without the development of LB was predominant, which must be taken into account in order to avoid overdiagnosis of LB. In patients with LB, an indication of the fact of tick bite in the anamnesis was much less common than going to its habitats.Conclusion. Our data clarify the epidemiological features of LB for residents of Moscow. In the absence of a history of indications of tick bite, an informative sign for clinical diagnosis is a visit to its habitats, including not only trips to wooded areas, but also to suburban areas and parks.Ключевым компонентом успешного лечения иксодового клещевого боррелиоза (ИКБ) является его ранняя диагностика, важным критерием которой служат данные эпидемиологического анамнеза.Цель работы — анализ данных эпидемиологического анамнеза у пациентов с ИКБ в амбулаторно-поликлинических условиях в г. Москве.Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное, нерандомизированное, одноцентровое когортное исследование, основанное на анализе данных 660 амбулаторных карт пациентов, консультированных врачом-инфекционистом на базе ГБУЗ «ИКБ №1 ДЗМ» по направлению участкового врача в связи с присасыванием клеща и/или подозрением на ИКБ. Для анализа эпидемиологического анамнеза пациенты были разделены по возрасту и наличию или отсутствию ИКБ. Подтверждение диагноза ИКБ осуществлялось по клиническим и/или лабораторным критериям с использованием методов иммуноферментного анализа и иммунного блота. Результаты. Нами актуализированы эпидемиологические особенности ИКБ для г. Москвы, такие как количество заболевших в административных округах г. Москвы, география и сезонность нападения клещей. Проведено сравнение данных эпиданамнеза в возрастных группах. Среди детей, по сравнению со взрослыми, преобладают обращения по поводу присасывания клеща без развития ИКБ, значимо чаще встречаются присасывания клещей на коже головы. В анамнезе у пациентов с ИКБ значительно чаще было указание на посещение ареалов обитания клеща, чем указание на факт присасывания клеща.Заключение. Полученные нами данные уточняют эпидемиологические особенности иксодового клещевого боррелиоза для жителей г. Москвы. В клинической диагностике при отсутствии в анамнезе указания на присасывание клеща информативным признаком является посещение ареалов его обитания, включая не только выезды в лесистую местность, но и на загородные участки, в парковые зоны. Учитывая особенности локализации присасывания клещей, при поиске мигрирующей эритемы у детей следует обязательно осматривать волосистую часть головы

Определение антител к B. Burgdorferi методом иммуноферментного анализа у пациентов с иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом

The detection of antibodies to borrelia by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) significantly depends on the time from the onset of the disease.Purpose: analysis of the results of antibodies determination to borrelia by ELISA in children and adults with Lyme borreliosis (LB) at various periods from the onset of the disease.Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort study, based on the analysis of data from 178 outpatient records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LB and the presence of antibody detection results by ELISA. Immunological confirmation of the diagnosis of LB was carried out by using ELISA and western blot test systems registered in the territory of the Russian Federation for the separate determination of immunoglobulins to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens of classes M and G. Results. When counting from the date of the onset of the disease, IgM and/or IgG were determined in 76% of patients at 4-6 weeks, and starting from the 7th week – in 95%. When counting from the date of tick bite, IgG with or without IgM was determined in 83% of patients starting from 7th week. At the same time, a significantly large proportion of seronegative patients among children was revealed. We have clarified the duration of antibody persistence after antibacterial therapy. In the interval from 1 to 6 months, antibodies are detected in 73% of patients. For a period of 6 months or more, antibodies can be detected in 42% of patients.Conclusion. The optimal time for detecting antibodies from the disease onset is 4-6 weeks. Antibodies after antibiotic therapy can persist for a long time, in a third of patients up to 6 months or more.Обнаружение антител к боррелиям методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) значительно зависит от сроков дебюта заболевания.Цель: изучение результатов определения антител к боррелиям методом ИФА у детей и взрослых с иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом (ИКБ) на различных сроках от дебюта заболевания.Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное, нерандомизированное, одноцентровое когортное исследование, основанное на анализе данных 178 амбулаторных карт пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом ИКБ и наличием результатов определения антител методом ИФА. Иммунологическое подтверждение диагноза ИКБ проводилось с использованием зарегистрированных на территории РФ тест-систем для раздельного определения иммуноглобулинов к антигенам Borrelia burgdorferi классов M и G методами ИФА, иммунного блота.Результаты. При отсчете от даты начала заболевания, IgM и/или IgG определялись у 76% на 4-6 неделях, а начиная с 7-й недели – у 95% пациентов. При отсчете от даты присасывания клеща IgG с/без IgM определялись у 83% пациентов начиная с 7-й недели. При этом, выявлена значимо большая доля серонегативных пациентов среди детей. Уточнены сроки персистенции антител после проведения антибактериальной терапии. В интервале от 1 до 6 месяцев антитела определялись у 73% пациентов. На сроке 6 и более месяцев от окончания терапии антитела выявлялись у 42% пациентов.Заключение. Оптимальный срок для выявления антител от появления клинических симптомов – 4-6 недель. Антитела после проведенной антибиотикотерапии могут персистировать длительно, у трети пациентов до 6 и более месяцев

Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere

Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)

INTERDISCIPLINARY CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES "MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND ITS COMORBIDITIES"

Clinical guidelines have long been one of the working tools of the modern doctor, helping him quickly navigate the most effective proven methods of treatment and prevention of various diseases, and also to adapt these methods to the specific tasks of their patients and to achieve maximum personalization of treatment. Clinical  practice guidelines are drawn up by professional non-profit associations and are approved by the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, while often one recommendation is prepared by two or even three associations. The peculiarity of the recommendations offered to your attention is that not only endocrinologists, but also therapists, cardiologists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, and experts of many other specialties are involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity. The Multidisciplinary Working Group presents this a project in a multidisciplinary journal to bring together the efforts of several professional associations that associated with the need to pay attention not only to obesity itself but also to comorbid conditions. We are looking forward to constructive criticism and a comprehensive discussion of the problem on the pages of our journal

MicroRNA-96 Directly Inhibits γ-Globin Expression in Human Erythropoiesis

Fetal hemoglobin, HbF (α2γ2), is the main hemoglobin synthesized up to birth, but it subsequently declines and adult hemoglobin, HbA (α2β2), becomes predominant. Several studies have indicated that expression of the HbF subunit γ-globin might be regulated post-transcriptionally. This could be confered by ∼22-nucleotide long microRNAs that associate with argonaute proteins to specifically target γ-globin mRNAs and inhibit protein expression. Indeed, applying immunopurifications, we found that γ-globin mRNA was associated with argonaute 2 isolated from reticulocytes that contain low levels of HbF (<1%), whereas association was significantly lower in reticulocytes with high levels of HbF (90%). Comparing microRNA expression in reticulocytes from cord blood and adult blood, we identified several miRNAs that were preferentially expressed in adults, among them miRNA-96. The overexpression of microRNA-96 in human ex vivo erythropoiesis decreased γ-globin expression by 50%, whereas the knock-down of endogenous microRNA-96 increased γ-globin expression by 20%. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays showed that microRNA-96 negatively regulates expression of γ-globin in HEK293 cells, which depends on a seedless but highly complementary target site located within the coding sequence of γ-globin. Based on these results we conclude that microRNA-96 directly suppresses γ-globin expression and thus contributes to HbF regulation