Valeurs nutritives et toxicité du foenicululm vulgare miller

Food values and toxicity of the foenicululm vulgare millerFoeniculum vulagre Mill. plant aromatic, spontaneous and wides pread in algeria is used by the population for its medicinal virtues. Our samples, coming from the Algerian west, showed that the contents of the principal compounds resulting from the primary metabolism and for each part of the plant (soed, stem and roots) are interesting for proteins (17,5 %) and lipids (12 %) and relatively  weak for glucids (13 %). The presence of toxic components coming from the secondary metabolism in particular the coumarins and tanins, made up recognized like inhibiting the digestibility of proteins, influential on the evolution of the ponderal mass of the animal (rat "Wistar"). The saponosides, flavonoïdes, sterols and steroïdes, tanins, coumarins, alcaloïdes, anthracenosides, anthocyanosides and emodols with little or no presence, have only little influence on the digestibility qualities of the plant. The output of 2,7 % in essential oil from the flowering plant is interesting and is in conformity with those obtained by the literature

Iron Behaving Badly: Inappropriate Iron Chelation as a Major Contributor to the Aetiology of Vascular and Other Progressive Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases

The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular "reactive oxygen species" (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation). The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible. This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, etc...Comment: 159 pages, including 9 Figs and 2184 reference

Diseases of excess bone formation

The skeleton is an organ system composed of several specific tissue types, including cartilage and bone. It provides support and protection for soft tissues and other organs of the body, allows for movement through coordinated activities with the neuromuscular system, and is essential for maintenance of calcium homeostasis

Cell death in the skin

The skin is the largest organ of the body and protects the organism against external physical, chemical and biological insults, such as wounding, ultraviolet radiation and micro-organisms. The epidermis is the upper part of the skin that is continuously renewed. The keratinocytes are the major cell type in the epidermis and undergo a specialized form of programmed cell death, called cornification, which is different from classical apoptosis. In keep with this view, several lines of evidence indicate that NF-kB is an important factor providing protection against keratinocyte apoptosis in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. In contrast, the hair follicle is an epidermal appendage that shows cyclic apoptosis-driven involution, as part of the normal hair cycle. The different cell death programs need to be well orchestrated to maintain skin homeostasis. One of the major environmental insults to the skin is UVB radiation, causing the occurrence of apoptotic sunburn cells. Deregulation of cell death mechanisms in the skin can lead to diseases such as cancer, necrolysis and graft-versus-host disease. Here we review the apoptotic and the anti-apoptotic mechanisms in skin homeostasis and disease