Volume 17. Article 3. Endocrinological and hematological studies in Fundulus heteroclitus (Linn.).

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Climate and society in long-term perspective: opportunities and pitfalls in the use of historical datasets

Recent advances in palaeoclimatology and the growing digital availability of large historical datasets on human activity have created new opportunities to investigate long-term interactions between climate and society. However, noncritical use of historical datasets can create pitfalls, resulting in misleading findings that may become entrenched as accepted knowledge. We demonstrate pitfalls in the content, use and interpretation of historical datasets in research into climate and society interaction through a systematic review of recent studies on the link between climate and (a) conflict incidence, (b) plague outbreaks and (c) agricultural productivity changes. We propose three sets of interventions to overcome these pitfalls, which involve a more critical and multidisciplinary collection and construction of historical datasets, increased specificity and transparency about uncertainty or biases, and replacing inductive with deductive approaches to causality. This will improve the validity and robustness of interpretations on the long-term relationship between climate and society

Evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural adaptation to climate change in preindustrial society

The effectiveness of agricultural adaptation determines the vulnerability of this sector to climate change, particularly during the preindustrial era. However, this effectiveness has rarely been quantitatively evaluated, specifically at a large spatial and long-term scale. The present study covers this case of preindustrial society in AD 1500–1800. Given the absence of technological innovations in this time frame, agricultural production was chiefly augmented by cultivating more land (land input) and increasing labor input per land unit (labor input). Accordingly, these two methods are quantitatively examined. Statistical results show that within the study scale, land input is a more effective approach of mitigating climatic impact than labor input. Nonetheless, these observations collectively improve Boserup's theory from the perspective of a large spatial and long-term scale.postprin

El desarrollo de la actividad agrícola

Els aspectes tècnics del desenvolupament de la maquinaria i els instruments agrícoles han rebut una atenció més gran per part dels investigadors que les circumstancies econòmiques i socials en les quals aquest desenvolupament tècnic ha tingut lloc. En el capítol I del treball present examinaré els invents de màquines i nous ormeigs, així com les aplicacions a què aquests invents han donat lloc. En el capítol 11 només en tractaré de passada alguns aspectes tècnics, puix que la tècnica no esdevé l'aspecte essencial d'aquesta exposició. El capítol 111 s'ocuparà, amb més detall, dels problemes econòmics i, finalment, en el capítol IV, analitzaré els diversos mètodes que hom utilitza per a calcular la productivitat agrícola.-

Graulich (Michel). Mythes et rituels du Mexique ancien préhispanique.

Slicher van Bath B.H. Graulich (Michel). Mythes et rituels du Mexique ancien préhispanique.. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 69, fasc. 2, 1991. Histoire - Geschiedenis. pp. 479-480

Graulich (Michel). Mythes et rituels du Mexique ancien préhispanique.

Slicher van Bath B.H. Graulich (Michel). Mythes et rituels du Mexique ancien préhispanique.. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 69, fasc. 2, 1991. Histoire - Geschiedenis. pp. 479-480