Auditory evoked potential mismatch negativity in normal-hearing adults

Introduction Mismatch Negativity (MMN) corresponds to a response of the central auditory nervous system. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze MMN latencies and amplitudes in normal-hearing adults and compare the results between ears, gender and hand dominance. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. Forty subjects participated, 20 women and 20 men, aged 18 to 29 years and having normal auditory thresholds. A frequency of 1000Hz (standard stimuli) and 2000Hz (deviant stimuli) was used to evoked the MMN. Results Mean latencies in the right ear were 169.4ms and 175.3ms in the left ear, with mean amplitudes of 4.6μV in the right ear and 4.2μV in the left ear. There was no statistically significant difference between ears. The comparison of latencies between genders showed a statistically significant difference for the right ear, being higher in the men than in women. There was no significant statistical difference between ears for both right-handed and left-handed group. However, the results indicated that the latency of the right ear was significantly higher for the left handers than the right handers. We also found a significant result for the latency of the left ear, which was higher for the right handers. Conclusion It was possible to obtain references of values for the MMN. There are no differences in the MMN latencies and amplitudes between the ears. Regarding gender, the male group presented higher latencies in relation to the female group in the right ear. Some results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference of the MMN between right- and left-handed individuals

Longitudinal comparison of auditory steady-state evoked potentials in preterm and term infants : the maturation process

Introduction Preterm neonates are at risk of changes in their auditory system development, which explains the need for auditory monitoring of this population. The Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) is an objective method that allows obtaining the electrophysiological thresholds with greater applicability in neonatal and pediatric population. Objective The purpose of this study is to compare the ASSR thresholds in preterm and term infants evaluated during two stages. Method The study included 63 normal hearing neonates: 33 preterm and 30 term. They underwent assessment of ASSR in both ears simultaneously through insert phones in the frequencies of 500 to 4000Hz with the amplitude modulated from 77 to 103Hz. We presented the intensity at a decreasing level to detect the minimum level of responses. At 18 months, 26 of 33 preterm infants returned for the new assessment for ASSR and were compared with 30 full-term infants. We compared between groups according to gestational age. Results Electrophysiological thresholds were higher in preterm than in full-term neonates (p 0.05) in all the variables described. Conclusion In the first evaluation preterm had higher thresholds in ASSR. There was no difference at 18 months of age, showing the auditory maturation of preterm infants throughout their development

Susceptibilidad al cinetosis en niños de 8 a 12 años de edad

A cinetose se caracteriza pela intolerância ao movimento, resultante de um conflito sensorial entre os sistemas visual, proprioceptivo e vestibular. Na população infantil, a cinetose é frequente, porém o difícil diagnóstico acaba subestimando a prevalência nesse grupo específico. As alterações vestibulares pediátricas têm importante influência no desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a suscetibilidade à cinetose em crianças e verificar possíveis fatores associados, bem como identificar diferenças entre as respostas, quando comparados os sexos, as faixas etárias e a autopercepção dos pais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal. A amostra de conveniência consecutiva foi constituída por crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre oito e onze anos. Para avaliar a suscetibilidade à cinetose, foi aplicado o motion sickness questionnaire short form (MSSQ), realizado individualmente com cada criança. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do SPSS Versão v.21. Adotou-se nível de significância de 0,05. Utilizaram-se os testes estatísticos Kolmogorov-Smirnov; T de Student; Anova e teste de Friedman. Ao total, foram analisadas 223 crianças. Observou-se que 89,7% das crianças avaliadas eram suscetíveis à cinetose. Houve diferença significativa na comparação da suscetibilidade à cinetose entre os sexos, sendo as meninas, mais suscetíveis em relação aos meninos (p=0,001). Na comparação entre as faixas etárias, não houve significância estatística. Crianças com onze anos apresentaram maior suscetibilidade à cinetose. Houve diferença nas respostas relatadas pelas crianças e pais sobre a suscetibilidade das crianças à cinetose.Motion sickness is characterized by intolerance to movement, resulting from a sensory conflict between the visual, proprioceptive and vestibular systems. In the child population, motion sickness is frequent, but the difficult diagnosis ends up underestimating the prevalence in this specific group. Pediatric vestibular changes are of great importance in child development. The objective was to analyze the susceptibility to motion sickness in children and to verify possible associated factors, as well as to identify differences in the responses when compared to sex, age group and parents’ self-perception. This is a cross-sectional study. The consecutive convenience sample consisted of children of both sexes, aged between eight and eleven years old. The motion sickness questionnaire short form (MSSQ) was applied individually with each child. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS Version v.21 (Chicago: SPSS). A significance level of 0,005 was adopted. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student’s T, Anova and Friedman’s were the statistical tests used. In total, 223 children were analyzed. 89.7% of the sample was susceptible to motion sickness. There was a significant difference in the comparison of susceptibility to motion sickness between genders, with girls being more susceptible, compared to boys (p=0.001). When comparing age groups, there was no statistical significance. Eleven-year-old children were more susceptible to motion sickness. There was a difference in the responses reported by children and parents about the children’s susceptibility to motion sickness.El cinetosis es la intolerancia al movimiento pasivo, resultado de un conflicto sensorial entre los sistemas visual, propioceptivo y vestibular. La población infantil padece con frecuencia del cinetosis, pero su prevalencia se subestima debido al difícil diagnóstico en este grupo específico. Los trastornos vestibulares en niños influyen significativamente en su desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar la susceptibilidad al cinetosis en niños y sus factores asociados, así como identificar las diferencias entre las respuestas en la comparación entre los sexos, los grupos de edad y la autopercepción de los padres. Se trata de un estudio transversal. La muestra de conveniencia consecutiva estuvo compuesta de niños de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años. Para evaluar la susceptibilidad al cinetosis, se aplicó el motion sickness questionnaire short form (MSSQ) de manera individual en cada niño. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS, versión 21.0. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de 0,05. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas de Kolmogorov- Smirnov; T de Student; Anova y test de Friedman. Participaron en total 223 niños. Se observó que el 89,7% de los niños evaluados eran susceptibles al cinetosis. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la comparación de la susceptibilidad al cinetosis entre los sexos, en la cual las niñas eran más susceptibles que los niños (p=0,001). En cuanto a los grupos de edad, no hubo significación estadística. Los niños de 12 años fueron más susceptibles al cinetosis. Hubo una diferencia en las respuestas informadas por los niños y los padres sobre la susceptibilidad de los niños al cinetosis