Dream-reality confusion in borderline personality disorder : a theoretical analysis

This paper presents an analysis of dream-reality confusion (DRC) in relation to the characteristics of borderline personality disorder (BPD), based on research findings and theoretical considerations. It is hypothesized that people with BPD are more likely to experience DRC compared to people in non-clinical population. Several variables related to this hypothesis were identified through a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature. Sleep disturbances: problems with sleep are found in 15-95.5% of people with BPD (Hafizi, 2013), and unstable sleep and wake cycles, which occur in BPD (Fleischer et al., 2012), are linked to DRC. Dissociation: nearly two-thirds of people with BPD experience dissociative symptoms (Korzekwa and Pain, 2009) and dissociative symptoms are correlated with a fantasy proneness; both dissociative symptoms and fantasy proneness are related to DRC (Giesbrecht and Merckelbach, 2006). Negative dream content: People with BPD have nightmares more often than other people (Semiz et al., 2008); dreams that are more likely to be confused with reality tend to be more realistic and unpleasant, and are reflected in waking behavior (Rassin et al., 2001). Cognitive disturbances: Many BPD patients experience various cognitive disturbances, including problems with reality testing (Fiqueierdo, 2006; Mosquera et al., 2011), which can foster DRC. Thin boundaries: People with thin boundaries are more prone to DRC than people with thick boundaries, and people with BPD tend to have thin boundaries (Hartmann, 2011). The theoretical analysis on the basis of these findings suggests that people who suffer from BPD may be more susceptible to confusing dream content with actual waking events

What links schizophrenia and dreaming? Common phenomenological and neurobiological features of schizophrenia and REM sleep

Aim. The aim of this theoretical study is to present common phenomenological and neurobiological features of schizophrenia and REM sleep. Results. A review of professional literature was conducted in order to synthesize current findings about associations between schizophrenia and REM sleep. Many researches reveal that both states share some common phenomenological and neurobiological features. Autism, lack of insight and a loss of autonomy in relation to mental content are just some of the characteristics that occur on a phenomenological level in both dreams during REM sleep (lucid dreaming excluded) and schizophrenia. Data from experimental conditions revealed that the waking mentation of patients suffering from schizophrenia has a similar degree of formal cognitive bizarreness as dream narratives obtained from both non-clinical and clinical populations. On the other hand, some common neurobiological features of the REM sleep stage and schizophrenia are: lack of central inhibitory processes, intracerebral disconnections, dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or nucleus accumbens and disturbed responsiveness. Moreover, there is similar activation of dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, serotonin and glutamate in both states. Conclusions. Common phenomenological and neurobiological characteristics of these two states suggest that data about REM sleep could help introduce a useful experimental model of schizophrenia

Dreams in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

In recent years, cognitive-behavioral-oriented therapists have found a new interest in work with dreams. Dream analysis within the framework of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) seems to be fully justified if the cognitive processes involved in the dreaming process are considered. The aim of the chapter is to introduce three perspectives for working with dreams within the realm of CBT. The first perspective is dedicated to the historical view on the use of dreams in CBT. The second includes an analysis of the conceptual functions of working with dreams in CBT. The third presents practical issues related to dream analysis in CBT. To sum up, the chapter presents systematic and comprehensive information about the therapeutic work with dreams within CBT from a historical, functional, and processual perspective

Poczucie zagrożenia jako istotny modyfikator treści poglądu na świat

Feeling be threaten as a modifier of a view of the world View of the world is important expression of self. As a cognitive map it is used by human in process of the orientation in the world: evaluating facts and describing the nature of events. Especially interesting element of the view are beliefs in power determining human’s lot and world’s life: power of nature, fate, God, man, people, good luck, bad luck etc. Concidering the terror management theory, some hypotheses were tested. The main was: during the time, when people feeling be threaten, they modify their view of the world to avoid the anxiety. In the experiment, the film Social badness was presented. Participants who saw it, showed stronger belief in the power of nature, than those one, who saw Social goodness film. There are many points to interpret this result. Probably, participants perceived the badness through theirs ego (hypothesis of the egotic evaluation). That was dangerous process for the self-evaluation. So the solution was to use defense mechanisms (projection, self-serving atributions etc.). Higher belief in the power of the nature was the effect of thinking that the instinct is responsible for noticed badness

Ill-defined problem solving does not benefit from daytime napping

The main goal of the present study was to explore the role of sleep in the process of ill-defined problem solving. The results of previous studies indicate that various cognitive processes are largely dependent on the quality and quantity of sleep. However, while sleep-related memory consolidation seems to be well-grounded, with regard to the impact of sleep on problem solving, existing research yields mixed and rather inconclusive results. Moreover, this effect has been mainly tested using simple and well-defined, common laboratory problems, such as the remote associate test (RAT), crossword and anagram puzzles, numeric and logic problems, etc. What is lacking is research on the effect of sleep on solving more complex and more real-life oriented ill-defined problems. In the present study, we hypothesized that sleep can improve performance in solving this kind of problems. The study involved 40 participants, randomly assigned to two experimental conditions: sleep group and waking group. The experimental protocol comprised three stages: problem presentation, retention interval, and testing stage. The problem was presented to the participants in the form of an interactive computer game concerning a complex, elaborate crime story. During the retention interval, the participants - depending on the condition - took a nap or stayed awake; sleeping participants underwent polysomnography recording, while waking participants performed activities not related to the experimental problem. In the testing stage, participants tried to solve the presented problem. The solutions generated were assessed both for quality (reasonableness, consistency, and story recall) and creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration). Contrary to expectations, we found no effect of sleep on ill-defined problem solving. Neither quality nor creativity of the solutions generated by the participants was higher in the nap group than in the waking group. There were also no performance improvements with regard to any sleep stage or incidence of dreams. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence that sleep probably might provide an incubation gap, but not a facilitating environment serving the purpose of problem solving, at least with regard to ill-defined problems

Physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients – why lack of motivation to exercise is present?

In recent years a great interest in rehabilitation and physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients have developed. Despite having numerous exercise options, adverse effects of a lack of movement still are seen in this group of patients. The reasons of insufficient physical activity amongst hemodialysed patients are complications related to chronic diseases and renal replacement therapy. For patients suffering from kidney failure it is crucial to adhere to recommendations relating to regular physical activity in order to maintain health and good quality of life

The effect of smoking and physical activity level on exercise capacity in older adults

Introduction: Exercise capacity is highly age-dependent and influenced by factors such as physical activity level and smoking. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity level, smoking and exercise capacity in people over 60 years of age. Materials and methods: The study involved 100 participants (50 female and 50 male) over 60 years of age (mean age 68.2 years). Based on the answers provided to a questionnaire about smoking and physical activity level, participants were divided into four groups: exercising non-smokers, exercising smokers, non-exercising non-smokers, and non-exercising smokers. Each group consisted of 25 subjects. Exercise capacity was measured using the 6-minute walk test and the Borg scale. Results: Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences between the average results of each group, both in the 6-minute walk test (p=0.010) and on the Borg scale (

An assessment of the impact of physical activity undertaken by patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight

Maziarz Agata, Ogonowski Jarosław, Szylińska Aleksandra, Wiatrak Adrian, Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka, Rotter Iwona. An assessment of the impact of physical activity undertaken by patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(12):169-183. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2064733 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6358 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/890559 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 18.11.2018. Revised: 25.11.2018. Accepted: 08.12.2018. An assessment of the impact of physical activity undertaken by patients with gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight Agata Maziarz1, Jarosław Ogonowski2, Aleksandra Szylińska1, Adrian Wiatrak1, Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska1, Iwona Rotter1 1. Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland 2. Autonomous Laboratory for Diseases of Civilization and Obesity Treatment, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland Abstract Background Recent years have seen a growing interest in the physical activity of pregnant patients and its effects on obstetric outcomes. Apart from its positive influence on healthy pregnant patients, moderate physical effort also plays an important role in therapeutic procedures in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. The aim of this paper was to assess the link between daily physical activity of patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight. Material, patients and methods- The study group included 100 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between 26 and 32 weeks’ gestation. Their physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and a pedometer. Results No significant correlation between neonatal birth weight and the parameters describing the type and intensity of physical activity was shown. Neonatal birth weight correlated positively with pregravid BMI of the pregnant patient. A negative correlation was identified between gestational weight gain and pregravid BMI. Conclusion There was no relationship between daily physical activity during pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight. Maternal pregravid weight was found to be an important parameter affecting the infant’s weight. Key words: birth weight, physical activity, gestational diabetes mellitu

Horizontal skin traction in abduction in physiotherapy management of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease

Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease is one of the many types of avascular necrosis with etiologies that have not been clearly confirmed yet. It affects the hip joint and is more prevalent in boys between the ages of 3 and 10. The purpose of this paper is to present physiotherapy management of Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) with horizontal skin traction in abduction. The treatment can be either conservative or operative. In both the cases, appropriate rehabilitation must be performed to facilitate the child’s full recovery. The objective of the comprehensive treatment is to restore the shape of the affected head of femur. The entire course of the disease, from onset to resolution, may take as long as a few years. This article is intended as an effective guide to choosing suitable exercises in the given stage of treatment