Psychoactive substances use experience and addiction or risk of addiction among by Polish adolescents living in rural and urban areas

The objective of the study was to determine the similarities and differences between adolescents with psychoactive substances use experience living in urban and rural areas as regards the intensity of Internet addiction symptoms as well as the evaluation of prevalence of psychoactive substances use among adolescents depending on the place of residence. The examined group consisted of 1 860 people (1 320 girls and 540 boys) their average age being 17 years. In the study the following research methods were used: the Sociodemographic Questionnaire designed by the authors, the Internet Addiction Questionnaire by Potembska, the Internet Addiction test by Young, the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (KBUI) designed by Pawłowska and Potembska. Statistically significant differences were found as regards the prevalence of psychoactive substances use by the adolescents living in urban and rural areas and as regards the intensity of Internet addiction symptoms in adolescents, both from the urban and rural areas, who use and do not use illegal drugs. Significantly more adolescents living in urban areas as compared to their peers living in rural areas use psychoactive substances, mainly marihuana. The adolescents who use psychoactive substances, as compared to the adolescents with no experience using illegal drugs, living both in urban and rural areas significantly more often play online violent games and use web pornography. The adolescents living in rural areas who use psychoactive substances significantly more often as compared to the adolescents who do not use these substances claim that it is only thanks to the interactions established on the Internet that they can get acceptance, understanding and appreciation

Role of Estrogen Receptor β, G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian and endometrial cancers are affected by estrogens and their receptors. It has been long known that in different types of cancers, estrogens activate tumor cell proliferation via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In contrast, the role of ERs discovered later, including ERβ and G-protein-coupled ER (GPER1), in cancer is less well understood, but the current state of knowledge indicates them to have a considerable impact on both cancer development and progression. Moreover, estrogen related receptors (ERRs) have been reported to affect pathobiology of many tumor types. This article provides a summary and update of the current findings on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancer. For this purpose, original research articles on the role of ERβ, GPER1, and ERRs in ovarian and endometrial cancers listed in the PubMed database have been reviewed

Estrogen receptor β is associated with expression of cancer associated genes and survival in ovarian cancer

BackgroundIn ovarian cancer, the role of estrogen receptors (ERs), particularly of ER, being suggested as tumor suppressor in breast and prostate cancer, remains unclear. We examined the expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic ER in ovarian cancer and correlated it with expression of ovarian cancer markers CA125, CEA and CA72-4, steroid hormone receptors ER and PR, cancer-associated genes EGFR, p53, HER2 and proliferation marker Ki-67. Additionally we examined to what extent expression of ER and the other proteins affects survival of ovarian cancer patients.MethodsWe established a tissue microarray from 171 ovarian cancer patients and performed immunohistochemical analyses of the mentioned proteins.ResultsNuclear ER was detected in 47.31% of the ovarian cancer tissues and cytoplasmic expression of this receptor was observed in 23.08%. Nuclear expression of ER was significantly decreased in the G3 subgroup compared to better differentiated cancers (p<0.01) and correlated with ovarian cancer markers CEA (95% CI 0.1598-0.4465; p<0.0001) and CA72-4 (95% CI 0.05953-0.3616; p<0.01). Cytoplasmic ER expression correlated with EGFR levels (95% CI 0.1059-0.4049; p<0.001). ER expression was associated with expression of CA125 and PR. Overall survival of patients with tumors expressing cytoplasmic ER was significant longer compared to those with ER-negative ovarian cancer (chi-square statistic of the log-rank, p<0.05). Progression-free survival was dependent on expression of PR (chi-square statistic of the log-rank, p<0.05) and Ki-67 (p=0.05).ConclusionsOur data suggest an important, but distinct role of nuclear and cytoplasmic ER expression in ovarian cancer and encourage further studies on its role in this cancer entity

Icb-1 gene polymorphism rs1467465 is associated with susceptibility to ovarian cancer

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of differentiation-associated human gene icb-1 (C1orf38) may be associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility. For this purpose, we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNPs rs1467465 and rs12048235 in a group of 184 ovarian cancer patients with a control group of 184 age- and gender-matched women without any malignancy. Genotype-phenotype association revealed that A allele of SNP rs1467465 was more frequent in ovarian cancer patients than in the control group (0.40 vs. 0.33, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.013-1.853, p = 0.04). After analysis of allele positivity we observed that A-positive genotypes were more frequent in the ovarian cancer group (0.65 vs. 0.53, OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.072-2.483, p = 0.02). Furthermore, the heterozygous genotype of rs1467465 was found to be more frequent in the patients group (0.50 vs. 0.41, OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.045-2.045, p = 0.03). No significant results were obtained with regard to SNP rs1204823. Our data suggest, that SNP rs1467465 of human gene icb-1 might affect susceptibility to ovarian cancer

Icb-1 gene polymorphism rs1467465 is associated with susceptibility to ovarian cancer

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of differentiation-associated human gene icb-1 (C1orf38) may be associated with ovarian cancer susceptibility. For this purpose, we compared the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNPs rs1467465 and rs12048235 in a group of 184 ovarian cancer patients with a control group of 184 age- and gender-matched women without any malignancy. Genotype-phenotype association revealed that A allele of SNP rs1467465 was more frequent in ovarian cancer patients than in the control group (0.40 vs. 0.33, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.013-1.853, p = 0.04). After analysis of allele positivity we observed that A-positive genotypes were more frequent in the ovarian cancer group (0.65 vs. 0.53, OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.072-2.483, p = 0.02). Furthermore, the heterozygous genotype of rs1467465 was found to be more frequent in the patients group (0.50 vs. 0.41, OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.045-2.045, p = 0.03). No significant results were obtained with regard to SNP rs1204823. Our data suggest, that SNP rs1467465 of human gene icb-1 might affect susceptibility to ovarian cancer

DSCAM-AS1 Long Non-Coding RNA Exerts Oncogenic Functions in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma via Activation of a Tumor-Promoting Transcriptome Profile

Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA DSCAM-AS1 acts tumor-promoting in various cancer entities. In breast cancer, DSCAM-AS1 was shown to be the lncRNA being most responsive to induction by estrogen receptor α (ERα). In this study, we examined the function of DSCAM-AS1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma using in silico and different in vitro approaches. Initial analysis of open-source data revealed DSCAM-AS1 overexpression in endometrial cancer (EC) (p < 0.01) and a significant association with shorter overall survival of EC patients (HR = 1.78, p < 0.01). In EC, DSCAM-AS1 was associated with endometrial tumor promotor gene PRL and with expression of ERα and its target genes TFF1 and PGR. Silencing of this lncRNA by RNAi in two EC cell lines was more efficient in ERα-negative HEC-1B cells and reduced their growth and the expression of proliferation activators like NOTCH1, PTK2 and EGR1. DSCAM-AS1 knockdown triggered an anti-tumoral transcriptome response as revealed by Affymetrix microarray analysis, emerging from down-regulation of tumor-promoting genes and induction of tumor-suppressive networks. Finally, several genes regulated upon DSCAM-AS1 silencing in vitro were found to be inversely correlated with this lncRNA in EC tissues. This study clearly suggests an oncogenic function of DSCAM-AS1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma via activation of a tumor-promoting transcriptome profile

System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A+A collisions at sqrt[sNN]=17.2 GeV

Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si, and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[sNN]=17.2 GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN SPS. In particular, long-range pseudorapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the balance function method. The width of the balance function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions

System size and centrality dependence of the balance function in A + A collisions at sqrt s NN = 17.2 GeV

Electric charge correlations were studied for p+p, C+C, Si+Si and centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt s_NN = 17.2$ GeV with the NA49 large acceptance detector at the CERN-SPS. In particular, long range pseudo-rapidity correlations of oppositely charged particles were measured using the Balance Function method. The width of the Balance Function decreases with increasing system size and centrality of the reactions. This decrease could be related to an increasing delay of hadronization in central Pb+Pb collisions

Legal protection measures in procedure for granting of a public contract

Prawo zamówień publicznych dotyczy procesu wydatkowania publicznych środków przez wszystkie podmioty nimi dysponujące. Proces ten został unormowany przez ustawodawcę jako postępowanie o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego w ustawie Prawo Zamówień Publicznych. Aby możliwe było jego prawidłowe funkcjonowanie w praktyce, ustawodawca przewiduje środki ochrony prawnej, z których w razie potrzeby może skorzystać podmiot postępowania o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego. Praca przedstawia podstawowe aspekty związane z prawem zamówień publicznych: ich znaczenie, zdefiniowanie zamówienia publicznego, czy wreszcie źródła normatywne i ich charakter prawny. W pracy omówiono zakres podmiotowy i przedmiotowy Prawa Zamówień Publicznych oraz postępowanie o udzielenie zamówienia publicznego, w trakcie którego mogą zostać dokonane czynności, które staną się podstawą do zastosowania środka ochrony prawnej. Przedmiotem pracy są odwołanie oraz skarga do sądu opisane w niej od strony materialno-prawnej oraz proceduralnej. W Prawie Zamówień Publicznych ustawodawca przewidział system, który ma na celu ochronę porządku prawnego. W jego skład poza środkami ochrony prawnej wchodzą również, przedstawione w niniejszej pracy: przekazanie informacji o czynności bezprawnie podjętej albo zaniechanej oraz przynależna tylko Prezesowi Urzędu Zamówień Publicznych skarga kasacyjna do Sądu Najwyższego.Public Procurement Law refers to the process of spending public funds by all entities condusive of them. This process has been standardized by the legislature as the proceedings on granting a public contract in the Public Procurement Law. To allow its proper functioning in practice, the legislature provides legal protection measures, which if necessary could be used by the entity of the proceedings on granting a public contract. The paper presents the basic aspects of public procurement law: their meaning, definition of a public contract, the source of this law and their legal nature. The paper discusses the subjective and objective scope of the Public Procurement Law and the proceedings on granting a public contract, during which they may be made actions that will be the basis to apply a measure of legal protection. The dissertation deals with the appeal and the application to the court described therein from the substantive legal and procedural. The Public Procurement Law legislature included a system that aims to protect legal order. It contains, beyond Legal protection measures, also presented in this paper: to provide information on actions taken or unlawfully discontinued operations and belonging only to the President of the Public Procurement Office cassation appeal to the Supreme Court