14C dating to study the development of soils in the forest-steppe of the central russian upland as a result of bioclimatic changes and long-term cultivation

Temporal changes in soils of forest landscapes of the forest-steppe zone - Haplic Luvisols and Greyzemic Phaeozems - under the impact of Holocene climate changes (natural factor) and long-term cultivation (anthropogenic factor) were studied on level interfluves of the Central Russian Upland. To study soil evolution under the impact of climate changes, soil chronosequences of archaeological sites - paleosols buried under ramparts of ancient settlements and background surface soils of adjacent areas - were analyze

Expansionfree Fluid Evolution and Skripkin Model in f(R) Theory

We consider the modified $f(R)$ theory of gravity whose higher order curvature terms are interpreted as a gravitational fluid or dark source. The gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric star, made up of locally anisotropic viscous fluid, is studied under the general influence of the curvature fluid. Dynamical equations and junction conditions are modified in the context of f(R) dark energy and by taking into account the expansionfree evolution of the self-gravitating fluid. As a particular example, the Skripkin model is investigated which corresponds to isotropic pressure with constant energy density. The results are compared with corresponding results in General Relativity.Comment: 18 pages, accepted for publication Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Expansion-Free Cavity Evolution: Some exact Analytical Models

We consider spherically symmetric distributions of anisotropic fluids with a central vacuum cavity, evolving under the condition of vanishing expansion scalar. Some analytical solutions are found satisfying Darmois junction conditions on both delimiting boundary surfaces, while some others require the presence of thin shells on either (or both) boundary surfaces. The solutions here obtained model the evolution of the vacuum cavity and the surrounding fluid distribution, emerging after a central explosion. This study complements a previously published work where modeling of the evolution of such kind of systems was achieved through a different kinematical condition.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex. Typos corrected. Published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Expansion-Free Evolving Spheres Must Have Inhomogeneous Energy Density Distributions

In a recent paper a systematic study on shearing expansion-free spherically symmetric distributions was presented. As a particular case of such systems, the Skripkin model was mentioned, which corresponds to a nondissipative perfect fluid with a constant energy density. Here we show that such a model is inconsistent with junction conditions. It is shown that in general for any nondissipative fluid distribution, the expansion-free condition requires the energy density to be inhomogeneous. As an example we consider the case of dust, which allows for a complete integration.Comment: 8 pages, Latex. To appear in Phys. Rev.D. Typos correcte

Application of remote monitoring and ground-based sensing in pastoralism

The development and implementation of an innovative system applying digital aerospace technologies in pastoralism constitute one of the current trends in agricultural development designed to solve numerous problems associated with soil fertility restoration in grazing pastures. Here, a promising line of research is to explore the feasibility of using satellite systems for an overall nutrient yield assessment per hectare of grazing land. The present article describes a comprehensive approach to the optimization of pastoralism that is based on remote methods for assessing pasture fertility using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial Earth satellites. An analysis of existing methodological approaches reveals that the formalization of prediction processes is complicated by the lack of a theoretical basis for creating appropriate model-algorithmic support. The data on vegetation index dynamics and the nutritional values of forage plants obtained by interpreting imagery from a UAV camera and the multispectral cameras of a satellite service, as well as data from a portable handheld nitrogen sensor, were compared with the actual nutritional values of pasture plants. The study results provide a means to optimize the grouping of grazing animals, taking into account the actual possibility of achieving an increase in live weight. The provided findings indicate the possibility of achieving an additional 11.06% increase in daily live weight gain in young sheep (Jalgin Merino) when keeping them in pasture areas having a vegetation index of at least 0.5. Remote monitoring based on satellite service allows more efficient use of pastures. Study shows a positive relationship between remote sensing NDVI and feed nutritional value. Animal grazing optimization provides an additional 11.06% increase in live weight gain

Some problems in the study of the chronology of the ancient nomadic cultures in Eurasia (9th - 3rd centuries BC)

This research is focused on the chronological investigations of ancient nomads belonging to the Scythian cultures which occupied the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia during the 9th-3rd centuries BC. The 14C dates for the pre-scythian and early scythian time in both Europe and Asia are presented and compared to their chronological position based on archaeological evidence. The first 14C dates have been produced for the Scythian time monuments located in the Lower Volga River basin, Urals and Transurals regions. Their chronological positions are compared with the position of the monuments of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. It was shown that the nomadic cultures belonging to the Scythian culture began to exist over the wide territory of Eurasia from the 9th-8th centuries cal BC and there are some monuments which may be synchronous to the Arzhan royal barrow (the oldest monument known). A list of new 14C dates and a map of the monuments are presented

A chronology of the Scythian antiquities of Eurasia based on new archaeological and C-14 data

The paper is compares the chronology of the monuments of the Scythian epoch located in the east and west of the Eurasian steppe zone on the basis of both archaeological and radiocarbon data. The lists of C-14 dates for the monuments located in different parts of Eurasia are presented according to the periods of their existence. Generally, the C-14 dates are confirmed the archaeological point of view and allow us to compare the chronological position of the European and Asian Scythian monuments on the united C-14 time scale

Review of experimental results from SND detector

The review of experimental results obtained with SND detector at VEPP-2M $e^+e^-$ collider in the energy region $\sqrt[]{s}=0.36$ -- 1.38 GeV is given. The presented results include the following items: studies of the light vector mesons radiative decays, OZI-rule and G-parity suppressed $\phi$-meson rare decays, $\phi$-meson parameters measurements, studies of $e^+e^-\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ process dynamics, $\eta$ and $K_S$ mesons rare decays, $\eta$ and $\phi$ mesons conversion decays, and study of the $e^+e^-$ annihilation into hadrons.Comment: 12 pages and 6 figures. Talk given at the IX International Conference on Hadron Spectroskopy, Protvino, Russia, August 25 - September 1, 200

Влияние прекондиционирования десфлураном на содержание фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β в эксперименте

The purpose of this study is to determine and evaluate if the preconditioning with desflurane depends on level of phosphoGSK3β.Material and methods. White outbred male rats (56) were randomly allocated to 6 groups. Ischemia/reperfusion modeling was performed using V. G.Korpachev's technique. The reference group consisted of sham (falselyoperated) animals. The second group underwent global ischemia/reperfusion after anesthesia with chloral hydrate. The next two groups were treated with either sevoflurane or desflurane at 1 MAC. In the final two groups, the use of same anes thetics was followed by global ischemia/reperfusion. The concentration of phosphoGSK3β in brain homogenate was determined using western blotting. A statistical analysis was performed using the MannWhitney Utest, and the difference was considered significant at P<0.05. A threeminute ischemia with subsequent reperfusion resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of phosphoGSK3β vs. the reference group (620437 relative units vs. 304574 relative units, respectively, P<0.05). Similar results were observed in groups where animals received inhaled sevoflurane (743166 relative units) and desflurane (667119 relative units) alone (P<0.05). In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the concentration of phosphoGSK3β was equal to 922231 relative units after inhalation of sevoflurane (P<0.05 vs. the reference group). In the group with a combination of desflurane and ischemia/reperfusion, the enzyme concentration increased up to 677084 relative units (P<0.05 vs. reference group). No difference in concentrations of the enzyme between groups receiving inhaled anesthetics with and without ischemia/perfusion was found. In addition, the concentration of this enzyme was comparable with that in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Conclusion. Two anesthetics under testing possess similarly increased concentration of phosphoGSK3β in rat brain homogenates.Цель исследования — оценить влияние прекондиционирования десфлураном на содержание фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β типа.Материалы и методы. Исследование провели на 56и белых беспородных крысахсамцах, случайным образом распределенных на 6 групп. Ишемию/реперфузию моделировали по методике В. Г. Корпачева. Контрольная группа состояла из ложнооперированных животных. Вторая группа подверглась глобальной ишемии/реперфузии после анестезии с хлоралгидратом. В следующих двух группах крысам ингалировали 1 МАК севофлурана или десфлурана, а в двух последних группах, за применением этих анестетиков следовала глобальная ишемия/реперфузия. Содержание фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β в гомогенатах мозга осуществляли методом вестернблоттинга. Статистический анализ проводили с помощью Uкритерия МаннаУитни, достоверными считали различия при р<0,05.Результаты. Трехминутная ишемия с последующей реперфузией привела к значительному увеличению содержания фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β по сравнению с контрольной группой (620437 относительных единиц против 304574 относительных единиц соответственно, р<0,05). Сходные результаты наблюдались в группах, где только ингалировали севофлуран (743166 относительных единиц) или десфлуран (667119 относительных единиц) (р<0,05). В группе ишемии/реперфузии после ингаляции севофлурана содержание фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β составило 922231 относительную единицу (р<0,05 по сравнению с контролем). В группе с сочетанием десфлурана и ишемии/реперфузии, содержание фермента повышалось до 677084 относительных единиц (р<0,05 по сравнению с контролем). Различий по содержанию исследуемого фермента между группами, где применялись ингаляционные анестетики в сочетании с ишемией/реперфузией или без нее, не было. Кроме того, содержания этого фермента были сопоставимы с результатами в группе изолированной ишемии/реперфузии.Заключение. Оба исследованных анестетика обладают выраженной и аналогичной по степени выраженности способностью повышать содержание фосфорилированной формы гликоген синтетазыкиназы 3β в гомогенатах мозга крыс