42 research outputs found
The role of carotid plaque echogenicity in baroreflex sensitivity
ObjectiveThe baroreflex sensitivity is impaired in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of carotid plaque echogenicity on the baroreflex function in patients with significant carotid atherosclerosis, who have not undergone carotid surgery.MethodSpontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) was estimated in 45 patients with at least a severe carotid stenosis (70%-99%). sBRS calculation was performed noninvasively, with the spontaneous sequence method, based on indirectly estimated central blood pressures from radial recordings. This method failed in three patients due to poor-quality recordings, and eventually 42 patients were evaluated. After carotid duplex examination, carotid plaque echogenicity was graded from 1 to 4 according to Gray-Weale classification and the patients were divided into two groups: the echolucent group (grades 1 and 2) and the echogenic group (grades 3 and 4).ResultsSixteen patients (38%) and 26 patients (62%) were included in the echolucent and echogenic group, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was observed more frequently among echolucent plaques (χ2 = 8.0; P < .004), while those plaques were also more commonly symptomatic compared with echogenic atheromas (χ2 = 8.5; P < .003). Systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and heart rate were similar in the two groups. Nevertheless, the mean value of baroreflex sensitivity was found to be significantly lower in the echogenic group (2.96 ms/mm Hg) compared with the echolucent one (5.0 ms/mm Hg), (F [1, 42] = 10.1; P < .003).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that echogenic plaques are associated with reduced baroreflex function compared with echolucent ones. Further investigation is warranted to define whether such an sBRS impairment could be responsible for cardiovascular morbidity associated with echogenic plaques
Trigonometric Regressive Spectral Analysis Reliably Maps Dynamic Changes in Baroreflex Sensitivity and Autonomic Tone: The Effect of Gender and Age
BACKGROUND: The assessment of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has emerged as prognostic tool in cardiology. Although available computer-assisted methods, measuring spontaneous fluctuations of heart rate and blood pressure in the time and frequency domain are easily applicable, they do not allow for quantification of BRS during cardiovascular adaption processes. This, however, seems an essential criterion for clinical application. We evaluated a novel algorithm based on trigonometric regression regarding its ability to map dynamic changes in BRS and autonomic tone during cardiovascular provocation in relation to gender and age. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We continuously recorded systemic arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and respiration in 23 young subjects (25+/-2 years) and 22 middle-aged subjects (56+/-4 years) during cardiovascular autonomic testing (metronomic breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, head-up tilt). Baroreflex- and spectral analysis was performed using the algorithm of trigonometric regressive spectral analysis. There was an age-related decline in spontaneous BRS and high frequency oscillations of RR intervals. Changes in autonomic tone evoked by cardiovascular provocation were observed as shifts in the ratio of low to high frequency oscillations of RR intervals and blood pressure. Respiration at 0.1 Hz elicited an increase in BRS while head-up tilt and Valsalva manoeuvre resulted in a downregulation of BRS. The extent of autonomic adaption was in general more pronounced in young individuals and declined stronger with age in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The trigonometric regressive spectral analysis reliably maps age- and gender-related differences in baroreflex- and autonomic function and is able to describe adaption processes of baroreceptor circuit during cardiovascular stimulation. Hence, this novel algorithm may be a useful screening tool to detect abnormalities in cardiovascular adaption processes even when resting values appear to be normal
A Case of SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Relapse after 4 Negative RT-PCR Tests in Greece: Recurrence or Reinfection?
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the greatest public health concern of the year 2020. There are several worldwide reports of patients who have managed to recover from SARS-CoV-2 infection with negative PCR test results, that for unknown reasons convert back to positive PCR. We report a case of a patient in our hospital who developed positive PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2, after 4 consecutive results that were negative, along with a full-blown clinical syndrome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. © The Author(s) 2021
Glibenclamide improves postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia in Type 2 diabetic patients by reducing chylomicrons but not the very low-density lipoprotein subfraction levels
Aim There are scarce data dealing with the degree of postprandial
lipaemia after sulphonylurea administration. The aim of this study was
to examine the effect of acute glibenclamide administration on
postprandial lipaemia in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods Eight randomly selected Type 2 diabetic individuals, aged 43-65
years (mean, 54 years), who had never received any anti-diabetic drug,
were included in the study. Each patient was given a 485 kcal mixed meal
(45% fat, 40% carbohydrate and 15% protein) twice on separate days
after an overnight fast: once with placebo and once with 5 mg
glibenclamide, per os, in a random order. The two tests were performed
with an interval of 7 days. Venous blood samples were drawn just before
and 2 h, 4 h and 6 h after meal consumption. Total triglyceride levels
in plasma, in chylomicrons (CM), in CM-deficient plasma, in very
low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfractions (VLDL-1, VLDL-2) and in
intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) were determined. Free fatty acid
(FFA) and total cholesterol levels in plasma, as well as high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol levels in CM-deficient plasma, were also measured. Finally,
serum glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured in
each sample
Results As expected there was a significant decrease in postprandial
glycaemia after glibenclamide administration compared to placebo (mean
area under the curve values: AUC = 53.3 +/- 18.2 and 69.1 +/- 21.6 mm/h,
P = 0.00009). In addition, the mean AUC values of insulin and C-peptide
were significantly greater after drug administration. The AUC values of
total plasma triglyceride and of CM triglyceride following glibenclamide
administration were significantly lower compared to placebo, while the
AUC values of postprandial triglyceride in CM-deficient plasma and of
postprandial triglyceride in VLDL-1, VLDL-2 and IDL were not different
after drug administration compared to placebo. Finally, no significant
differences were noted in the AUC values of total cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and plasma FFA levels after glibenclamide
administration.
Conclusions These results demonstrate that glibenclamide administration
improves postprandial hypertriglyceridaemia acutely by reducing
postprandial triglycerides of intestinal origin
Minilaparotomy abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the era of minimally invasive vascular surgery: preliminary results
Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the early post-operative clinical impact of
minimal incision aortic surgery (MIAS) for infrarenal abdominal aortic
aneurysm (AAA) repair in comparison with the standard open repair.
Methods:
A case-control study was conducted. Patients of groups A (19 patients)
and B (18 patients) were treated with the MIAS technique and the
standard open method, respectively.
Results:
There were significant differences between the two groups in fluid
resuscitation during the operation. Post-operatively, there were
significant differences between groups A and B in the time until
starting liquid diet (2 +/- 0.74 versus 3.55 +/- 0.85 post-operative
days (PD), respectively; P < 0.05), the time until starting the solid
diet (3.05 +/- 0.77 versus 5.11 +/- 0.75 PD, respectively; P < 0.05),
the time of ambulation (2 +/- 0.74 versus 3.4 +/- 0.98 PD, respectively;
P < 0.05) and in the hospital length of stay (4 +/- 0.81 versus 9.7 +/-
2.66 days, respectively; P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The MIAS technique, for repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms, is a safe
and feasible procedure that combines the early advantages of
endovascular repair with the long-term advantages of the traditional
open repair
Overnight call is associated with poor resting heart rate and heart rate variability in orthopaedic surgeons
Surgical management of extracranial internal carotid aneurysms by cervical approach
Background: Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms (EICAA) are
rare vascular problems with a great potential for lethal thromboembolic
episodes.
Methods: From 1994 to 2004, nine patients with EICAA, seven men and two
women, were surgically treated for 10 aneurysms in our department.
Aneurysm led to hemispheric symptoms in six cases (two hemispheric
strokes and four hemispheric transient ischaemic attacks). The cause was
fibrodysplasia in two cases, atherosclerosis in four cases, trauma in
two cases and spontaneous dissection in two cases. All aneurysms were
treated surgically by the cervical approach using shunting. Extended
cervical approach was necessary in four patients with high-lying
aneurysms. Nine aneurysms were totally resected and successful
revascularization was carried out. Open aneurysmorrhaphy with vein patch
angioplasty was carried out in one case of a saccular aneurysm.
Results: There were no perioperative deaths or transient ischaemic
attacks or strokes. Four patients developed cranial nerve deficits: one
had hoarsness, two had partial facial paralysis (patients with extended
cervical approach) and one had tongue deviation. These neurological
symptoms were observed in large aneurysms (> 4.5 cm) and disappeared
within 14 months. No neurological complication was observed in a follow
up that ranged from 6 months to 10 years.
Conclusions: Surgical repair of EICAA, especially with total resection
and arterial reconstruction, is strongly recommended. Extended cervical
approach has many technical difficulties but can allow treatment of
high-lying aneurysms