47 research outputs found

    Do maternal environmental conditions during reproductive development induce genotypic selection in Picea abies?

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    In forest trees, environmental conditions during reproduction can greatly influence progeny performance. This phenomenon probably results from adaptive phenotypic plasticity but also may be associated with genotypic selection. In order to determine whether selective effects during the reproduction are environment specific, single pair-crosses of Norway spruce were studied in two contrasted maternal environments (warm and cold conditions). One family expressed large and the other small phenotypic differences between these crossing environments. The inheritance of genetic polymorphism was analysed at the seed stage. Four parental genetic maps covering 66 to 78% of the genome were constructed using 190 to 200 loci. After correcting for multiple testing, there is no evidence of locus under strong and repeatable selection. The maternal environment could thus only induce limited genotypic-selection effects during reproductive steps, and performance of progenies may be mainly affected by a long-lasting epigenetic memory regulated by temperature and photoperiod prevailing during seed production.L'environnement maternel induit-il une sĂ©lection gĂ©notypique durant les diffĂ©rents stades de reproduction chez Picea abies ?. Chez les arbres forestiers, les conditions environnementales durant la reproduction peuvent influencer les performances des descendants. Ce phĂ©nomĂšne reflĂšte probablement la plasticitĂ© phĂ©notypique, mais Ă©galement il pourrait ĂȘtre associĂ© Ă  une sĂ©lection gĂ©notypique. Afin de dĂ©terminer si des effets sĂ©lectifs durant la reproduction sont spĂ©cifiques d'un environnement donnĂ©, deux familles d'Ă©picĂ©a commun non apparentĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues par croisements dirigĂ©s dans deux environnements maternels contrastĂ©s (conditions chaude et froide). La premiĂšre famille exprimait de larges diffĂ©rences phĂ©notypiques entre les deux environnements tandis que la seconde ne montrait pas de diffĂ©rence significative. La transmission des polymorphismes gĂ©nĂ©tiques a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e au stade de la graine. Quatre cartes gĂ©nĂ©tiques parentales couvrant 66 Ă  78 % du gĂ©nome ont Ă©tĂ© construites. Aucun effet de sĂ©lection n'a Ă©tĂ© mis en Ă©vidence aux diffĂ©rents locus Ă©tudiĂ©s. L'environnement maternel n'induirait donc que des effets de sĂ©lection gĂ©notypique relativement faibles durant les stades de la reproduction. Les performances des descendants seraient principalement affectĂ©es par une mĂ©moire Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tique durable rĂ©gulĂ©e par la tempĂ©rature et la photopĂ©riode rĂ©gnant durant la production des graines

    Norway spruce (Picea abies)

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    Technical guidelines are targeted to practical forest managers and provide summarized information on the biology and ecology of tree species, distribution ranges, importance and use, genetic knowledge, threats to genetic diversity and recommendations for long-term genetic conservation. For the full list of Technical guidelines produced, please visit http://www.euforgen.org/publications/technical_guidelines.htm

    Variation of selfing rate and inbreeding depression among individuals and across generations within an admixed Cedrus population

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    [EN] We investigated the variation and short-term evolution of the selfing rate and inbreeding depression (ID) across three generations within a cedar forest that was established from admixture ca 1860. The mean selfing rate was 9.5%, ranging from 0 to 48% among 20 seed trees (estimated from paternally inherited chloroplast DNA). We computed the probability of selfing for each seed and we investigated ID by comparing selfed and outcrossed seeds within progenies, thus avoiding maternal effects. In all progenies, the germination rate was high (88-100%) and seedling mortality was low (0-12%). The germination dynamics differed significantly between selfed and outcrossed seeds within progenies in the founder gene pool but not in the following generations. This transient effect of selfing could be attributed to epistatic interactions in the original admixture. Regarding the seedling growth traits, the ID was low but significant: 8 and 6% for height and diameter growth, respectively. These rates did not vary among generations, suggesting minor gene effects. At this early stage, outcrossed seedlings outcompeted their selfed relatives, but not necessarily other selfed seedlings from other progenies. Thus, purging these slightly deleterious genes may only occur through within-family selection. Processes that maintain a high level of genetic diversity for fitness-related traits among progenies also reduce the efficiency of purging this part of the genetic load. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >This work has been partially supported by Grant PPI-00-04 from the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). We thank B Fady and E Klein as well as two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on a previous version of the paper. 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    Genetic variation in northern marginal Taxus baccata L. populations. Implications for conservation

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