Hydrological investigations in Norway

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Application of LANDSAT imagery for snow mapping in Norway

The author has identified the following significant results. During the summer seasons of 1975 and 1976, the snow cover was successfully monitored and measured in the four basins. By using elevation distributions for these basins combined with the measured snow cover percentages, the equivalent snow line altitude was calculated. Equivalent snow line altitude was used in accordance with Mark Meier's definition. Cumulative runoff data were collected for the basins. Tables showing percentage snow cover versus cumulative runoff were worked out for 1975

THE RIGHT INFORMATION IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME: PRECISION AND MULTIPLICITY IN MEDICAL PRACTICES

Does the quest for ‘the right information in the right place at the right time’ create a blind spot in development and implementation of ICT support for complex work practices by spurring wild-goose-chases for ‘the one, right representation’? Could resources be spent more fruitfully by shifting focus towards the multiplicities of information practices in such settings, and how to support rather than attempting to obliterate them? Based on the study of a hospital ICT implementation, this paper challenges the notion of a singular and linear precision. Illustrated by the measuring and (re)presentation of blood pressure, precision emerges as a multiplicity, enacted in different socio-material practices; blood pressure is not only a function of how it is produced, but also of the diverse purposes it serves. It is argued that this should have implications for how we think about information and its representations in all phases of the system lifecycle

Snowmapping in southern Norway by use of LANDSAT imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. During the summer seasons of 1975 and 1976, the snow cover was successfully monitored and measured in four basins. By use of elevation distributions for these basins combined with the measured snow cover percentage, the equivalent snow line altitude was calculated. The basins were Boevra, Jostedal, Olden, and Breim

A Lens for Evaluating Genetic Information Governance Models:Balancing Equity, Efficiency and Sustainability

This paper draws from the literature on collective action and the governance of the commons to address the governance of genetic data on variants of specific genes. Specifically, the data arrangements under study relate to the BRCA genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) which are linked to breast and ovarian cancer. These data are stored in global genetic data repositories and accessed by researchers and clinicians, from both public and private institutions. The current BRCA data arrangements are fragmented and politicized as there are multiple tensions around data ownership and sharing. Three key principles are proposed for forming and evaluating data governance arrangements in the field. These principles are: equity, efficiency and sustainability

VALUE POSITIONS IN E-GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES: SOMETHING IS (NOT) CHANGING IN THE STATE OF DENMARK

Clarifying what value new information systems (IS) may help to create for government organizations and society is a central concern in the public sector. National e-government strategies present such efforts to clarify the value entailed by IS, however, what is considered valuable is influenced by value positions deeply enshrined in the traditions of public administration. We present a theory directed content analysis of value positions in the national e-government strategy for Denmark published for the first time in 1994 and latest in 2016. Our comparison of the value positions in the two e-government strategies show consistency over time when looking at the ideals of professionalism, ser-vice, and efficiency. While the least dominant ideal of engagement, has declined. The 22-year timespan separating the development of these two strategies had major technological advances, but little transformational impact on Danish e-government strategies in their general value positions. We discuss how our findings contribute to previous research on values in e-government and have practical implications for working with e-government strategies

Panel: Regulation and governance in commons-based peer (social) production

In this paper we discuss the challenges of managing large-scale information infrastructures. Various management models, such as the IT governance model, propose structured approaches for management of an organization’s infrastructure. This paper argues both theoretically and empirically that such an approach to information infrastructure governance has its limitations. The paper is based on empirical material from three change processes in information infrastructures in the context of health care. We present case vignettes that illustrate how these processes evolved along unexpected trajectories, subject to factors beyond the control of management. To conceptualize these phenomena we draw on literature that conceptualize change as emerging from the meeting between multiple parallel streams of activities. The interactions between the various streams open up windows of opportunities that affect the information infrastructure development. We argue that such conceptualizations more realistically depict how large-scale information infrastructures evolve, and hence how they can be (or not be) managed

Different Adipose Depots: Their Role in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome and Mitochondrial Response to Hypolipidemic Agents

Adipose tissue metabolism is closely linked to insulin resistance, and differential fat distributions are associated with disorders like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adipose tissues vary in their impact on metabolic risk due to diverse gene expression profiles, leading to differences in lipolysis and in the production and release of adipokines and cytokines, thereby affecting the function of other tissues. In this paper, the roles of the various adipose tissues in obesity are summarized, with particular focus on mitochondrial function. In addition, we discuss how a functionally mitochondrial-targeted compound, the modified fatty acid tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA), can influence mitochondrial function and decrease the size of specific fat depots

Enabling openness of valuable information resources: Curbing data subtractability and exclusion

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Brief international cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) and global brain volumes in early stages of MS – A longitudinal correlation study

Background Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis, even in the early stages of the disease. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for multiple sclerosis (BICAMS) is a short screening tool developed to assess cognitive function in everyday clinical practice. Objective To investigate associations between volumetric brain measures derived from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination and performance on BICAMS subtests in early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods BICAMS was used to assess cognitive function in 49 MS patients at baseline and after one and two years. The patients were separated into two groups (with or without cognitive impairment) based on their performances on BICAMSs subtests. MRI data were analysed by a software tool (MSMetrix), yielding normalized measures of global brain volumes and lesion volumes. Associations between cognitive tests and brain MRI measures were analysed by running correlation analyses, and differences between subgroups and changes over time with independent and paired samples tests, respectively. Results The strongest baseline correlations were found between the BICAMS subtests and normalized whole brain volume (NBV) and grey matter volume (NGV); processing speed r = 0.54/r = 0.48, verbal memory r = 0.49/ r = 0.42, visual memory r = 0.48 /r = 0.39. Only the verbal memory test had significant correlations with T2 and T1 lesion volumes (LV) at both time points; T2LV r = 0.39, T1LV r = 0.38. There were significant loss of grey matter and white matter volume overall (NGV p<0.001, NWV p = 0.003), as well as an increase in T1LV (p = 0.013). The longitudinally defined confirmed cognitively impaired (CCI) and preserved (CCP) patients showed significant group differences on all MRI volume measures at both time points, except for NWV. Only the CCI subgroup showed significant white matter atrophy (p = 0.006) and increase in T2LV (p = 0.029). Conclusions The present study found strong correlations between whole brain and grey matter volumes and performance on the BICAMS subtests as well as significant changes in global volumes from baseline to follow-up with clear differences between patients defined as cognitively impaired and preserved at both baseline and follow-up.publishedVersio