Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?

Kujawska Agnieszka, Perkowski Radosław, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Skierkowska Natalia, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kujawski Sławomir, Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):412-422. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833881 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4640 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 02.07.2017. Accepted: 23.07.2017. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit? Agnieszka Kujawska1, Radosław Perkowski1, Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Weronika Topka1, Sławomir Kujawski2, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract Introduction: Aging process leads to increased risk of functional impairments and diseases occurrence. Sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors the occurrence of chronic disease such a diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, results of many studies showed that regular physical activity (PA) and physical exercise (PE) could decrease the risk of these hazards. Last decades were fruitful in developing evidence-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in older people, therefore it is worth to examine dynamics of development and the similarities between different recommendations. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic training, resistance training. Results: Studies showed that people who were more active during lifetime, have greater self-efficacy, better physical and mental health status and in general higher satisfaction on the autumn of their life. Every analyzed recommendation underlies the negative consequences of sedentary activity, however, there is no evidence-based “cut-off” point. Similarly, there is not clear optimal “dose” of PA or PE to prescribe for older patients. Conclusions: It seems that undertaking light level of PA activity is more beneficial than none PA or sedentary lifestyle. The newest recommendations underlie the possibility of the existence of positive linear relationship between the level of PA and health benefits: every additional amount of time spent on PA during week could be related with additional health benefit Key words: Older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic exercise training, resistance exercise trainin

Care for an elderly person after lower limb amputation

Introduction: Although currently less major amputation is performed, due to more effective revascularization and endovascular treatment, limbs amputations are still necessary and commonly used as a therapeutic method. Amputation of the lower limb is associated with long-term hospitalization, treatment, rehabilitation and a high level of mortality among older people. For the elderly, additionally suffer from number of chronic diseases, who for various reasons amputation of the limb is the only possible treatment option, recommendations regarding further care after such surgery are important. Results: Causes of lower limb amputation include ia. non-traumatic reasons like diabetes or infection and traumatic ones. Frequency of removal of the lower limb, regardless of its reason is estimated about 5.6 to 600 per 100,000 people and the percentage is about 20 times higher in diabetes-suffering people than in non-diabetic. In the case of this disease, amputations mainly concern men over 60 years of age, as well as people who have been subject to hospital treatment many times. Care for a patient who is prepared to amputation procedure include pre- and post-operative rehabilitation, prosthesis of amputated limb, psychological care, patient education and also pharmacotherapy. It is important to give to patient enoxaparin to reduce thromboembolic risk. To increase quality of life after amputation it is important to provide adequate nursing care. Discussion: Other overlooked diseases, which can lead to lower limb amputation are ia. Charcot disease. Proper diagnosis, differentiation and treatment process is extremely important cause can allow patient to avoid the amputation. Conclusion: Gathered recommendations for correct, high-quality, multi-faceted medical care for patients after amputation of the lower limb will improve the quality of medical services for this group of patients

Laboratory tests in geriatric patients - an overview of the latest reports

Laboratory tests are extremely important in patient’s monitoring and/or diagnosing. We described those that are particularly significant for elderly patients, namely: peripheral blood morphology, arterial blood gasometry, cancer markers. The aim of this article is to summarize current knowledge about laboratory tests important in geriatrics, as well as draw attention to the diverse use of laboratory tests in clinical practise

ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people

Prylińska Monika, Husejko Jakub, Skierkowska Natalia, Bieniek Daria, Rupniak Iga, Wycech Alicja, Gaborek Patryk, Osiak Joanna, Rozmarynowicz Ewa, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kudanowska Agnieszka ,Kędziora - Kornatowska Kornelia. ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(3):279-289. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2596527 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6701 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/907885 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2019. Revised: 15.02.2019. Accepted: 17.03.2019. ERAS protocol in the treatment of older people Monika Prylińska2, Jakub Husejko1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Daria Bieniek1, Iga Rupniak1, Alicja Wycech1, Patryk Gaborek1, Joanna Osiak1, Ewa Rozmarynowicz1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Weronika Topka1, Agnieszka Kudanowska1, Kornelia Kędziora - Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 2. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz, Poland Abstract Background: The guidelines for elderly recommend nutritional assessment in order to prevent malnutrition and make fast recovery after operation and mobilization possible. The ERAS protocol shortens the length of hospital stay and reduces the complication rate. Material and methods: A systematic review of published literature has been done for the factors reported to predict outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) among the elderly patients. Results: The improvement of treatment effects must be supported by a multidisciplinary medical team involved in the whole process with holistic approach which reduces time of regeneration and cost of health care Conclusions: ERAS protocol implementation is highly beneficial for operated patients due to faster recovery and strong psychological support by providing information concerning the perioperative period and reducing stress caused by the surgery. However, must be supported by a team of professional medical staff. Key words: enhanced recovery after surgery, perioperative care, older peopl

Postoperative functioning of cardiac patients. Diagnostic methods of postoperative monitoring and risk of mortality

Abstract Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the most common reason for deaths of people. Progress in cardiac surgery and cardiac diagnosis a significantly decreased the risk of surgery and postoperative mortality in patients. The aim of our study was to present methods for monitoring patients after cardiac surgery and to assess the risk of morality. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analysed using keywords: postoperative functioning, cardiac surgery, risk of morality. Results: Studies have shown that cardiac surgery patients are a large group with many co-existing health problems that affect the occurrence of problems in the postoperative period. Hemodynamic monitoring of patients is carried out using a variety of techniques, both invasive and non-invasive. There are also many tools to assess post operative cognitive dysfunction. Interesting are modern methods of hemodynamic monitoring, which can be used by patients at home, after leaving the hospital. It should be remembered that all methods of treatment and monitoring of cardiac surgery patients have an impact on their quality of life and functioning. Do not forget about non-pharmacological methods of affecting the functioning of postoperative patients included in the ERAS protocol. Conclusions: Cardiac patients require a complex and interdisciplinary approach in the postoperative period. Many elements should be taken into account and prepared the patient for this situation. Progress in medicine more often reduces the risk of morality cardiac patients. However, should remember about the impact of all our activities on the quality of life and functioning of patients. Keywords: postoperative functioning, cardiac surgery, risk of morality Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are causing more than 17 million deaths worldwide, and according to the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality due to cardiovascular diseases will become the leading cause of deaths of up to 20 million people per year [1]. Progress achieved in cardiac surgery and cardiac diagnosis allows for a significant reduction in the risk of surgery and postoperative mortality in patients. However, the evaluation of the result of the operation should not focus only on the effectiveness of the surgery itself. Treatment of cardiac surgery patients should also take into account how will they function in everyday life situations after the surgery

Potential applications of virtual reality devices in older people. Narrative review

Introduction Many of the non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions such as physical and mental exercises are focused on some of the dimensions of human cognition only. Therefore, methods involving immersion in VR (VR) might presumably belong to the more effective treatment methods. VR is a rapidly evolving technology, which is successfully and increasingly present in various branches, including medicine. Despite its increasing popularity for many people it is still new and unexplored, which leads to negative opinions and unwillingness to use in geriatric population. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to describe application of virtual reality and new technologies devices in geriatrics. Material and methods Articles in the EBSCO database were analyzed using keywords: virtual reality, frailty, pain, phobias, stroke rehabilitation, adverse effects. Available literature has been subjectively selected. Results Researches with applications of virtual reality techniques in sarcopenia and frailty, phobias, stroke rehabilitation, pain therapy were described. Moreover, potential adverse effects were discussed. Conclusions An overview of the research results in this area indicates that the virtual reality, possibly could be applied in mental and physical training in the cases of both physiological aging and various disorders. At the same time, the disadvantages and potential adverse effects have been pointed out. Further studies on application of VR in older people should be conducted to determine its effectiveness in various clinical and nonclinical settings

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure. Part II. Does Higher Intensity Means Better Outcome?

Heart failure (HF) due to its universality has become a huge challenge for modern medicine. Second part of the twentieth century brought significant changes in the rehabilitation, diagnostic and pharmacological procedures. There are no definitive guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) in HF. Based on previous studies, the article tried to describe and illustrate the mechanism of effective CR and its intensity in HF patients, which could be helpful in CR protocol development. Cardiac Rehabilitation has confirmed efficacy in increased physical level of participation in inter alia, home/work/recreational activities, improved psychosocial well-being, functional independence, prevention of disability, long-term adherence to maintaining physically active lifestyle, improved cardiopulmonary fitness, strength, muscle endurance, and flexibility, reduced cardiovascular events risk and risk of mortality. Before and after CR conduction, baseline and final aerobic capacity should be examined with an ergospirometry test to evaluate CR protocol intensity and check its effectiveness, respectively. Frequency of training-bouts in CR protocol in HF patients were from 3 to 7 days per week, intensity ranged from 40% to 80% VO2max or 9 to 14 on rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) scale or 6 to 20 on the Borg scale. Duration of single bout-exercise ranged from 20 to 60 minutes

Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure. Part I, Mechanism

Introduction Diagnosis and treatment issues among heart failure (HF) patients are becoming one of the most important points in public health of developed countries, largely due to the aging of population and the fact that HF affects mainly the elderly. In this review we would like to focus on pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure and potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Material and Methods Analysis of articles in the EBSCO database using keywords: heart failure, cardiac rehabilitation, exercise training, pathophysiology. Results HF can be described as a composite syndrome which results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or blood ejection. Patients have variety of symptoms which usually are nonspecific. The most frequently occurring symptoms of HF are dyspnea and fatigue, which may restrict exercise capacity, and fluid retention. There are many possible pathophysiological factors involved in the development of exercise intolerance. Based on the available literature pathological changes in central hemodynamic function, pulmonary system, skeletal muscles, endothelial function and neurohumoral system can be distinguished. They play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HF symptoms and represent a potential curative object. Conclusions HF patients are characterized by diminished functional performance. Exercise training has many potential profits in patients with heart failure, including an increase in peak oxygen uptake, improvement in central hemodynamics, peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle function and has become part of evidence-based clinical therapy in these patients

Urinary incontinence in men

Background: Urinary incontinence is one of the most common problems among older people. The number of men struggling with incontinence is also gradually increasing. The lifestyle of the urinary incontinence, including low physical activity, poor eating habits, and nicotinic have a big influence on the occurrence of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is associated with poor quality of life, social isolation and depression. Material and methods: Analysis of articles in the Google Scholar and PubMed database using keywords: urinary incontinence, risk factors of urinary incontinence, symptoms of urinary incontinence, men, treatment. Results: The incidence of urinary incontinence increases more than five times in men over 65 years of age. The problem may be exacerbated by respiratory, circulatory, muscular and neurological diseases. Men are often ashamed of problems with incontinence and rarely report to the doctor, which causes the problem to get worse and often requires the use of invasive methods of treatment. Conclusions: The incidence of urinary incontinence among men increases with age. Currently, methods that effectively cure urinary incontinence among men are poorly understood, therefore it is necessary to conduct further research among people with this problem. Broader education of the elderly will allow to some extent eliminate risk factors and reduce the number of people struggling with the problem of urinary incontinence

Potential risks related to anabolic steroids use on nervous, cardiovascular and reproductive systems disorders in men

Anabolic steroids (AS) have been a subject of intensive research for the last several decades. Due to wide use of AS in pharmacological treatment and in professional and amateur sport, it is, hence, worthwhile to describe the biochemical mechanism of the effects of AS usage in humans and its potential health risks. In this work, the relationship between diet and its effect on the level of testosterone in blood is described. Testosterone affects the nervous system, however, there is need for further researches to examine the influence of AS therapy on emotional and cognitive functioning. AS therapy has known negative effects on the cardiovascular system: cardiac hypertrophy can occur, blood pressure can vastly increased, thrombotic complications can come about. These effects are observed not only in patients who are treated with AS, but also in athletes. The paper also describes the relationship between AS and reproductive system diseases. Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction are only some of the many side effects of an incorrect AS treatment