Sex Differences in Career Development, Professional Participation and Perceptions of the Mentoring and Collegial Relationships of Directors of Illinois Community Mental Health Centers

178 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.This study examined differences in the career and professional experiences of men and women holding leadership roles in community mental health in an effort to provide an explanation for the underrepresentation of women in these roles. It was hypothesized that male and female executive directors of community mental health centers would differ with respect to career determinants, career patterns, professional participation, and receipt of mentoring functions. Male executive directors were expected to exceed the women in all areas except internal mobility and emotional support. A second purpose of the study was to obtain information on executive directors' careers and collegial relationships in order to provide a basis for further investigations of this occuptional group.Subjects were 20 male and 20 female executive directors who were matched on educational background, administrative experience, and agency size. They were drawn from a population of 109 executive directors (84 male and 25 female) in the State of Illinois. Subjects responded to surveys and participated in structured interviews. Sex differences in mentors' contributions were assessed using a system of mentoring functions developed for the study. T-tests, chi-square tests, and correlational analyses were performed on the data.The results failed to support hypothesized sex differences, with women executive directors reporting career experiences which were highly similar to those of men. Male and female executive directors did not differ in rates of advancement or internal mobility, timing of interest in administration, levels of professional participation, or amount of sponsorship, emotional support, or social contact provided by mentors. Additional analyses indicated significant sex differences on personal variables (marital status and number of children) and suggested a trade-off on home and career variables for women executive directors. A significant sex difference was also demonstrated in the number of higher status colleagues in directors' networks, with the women directors reporting more higher status colleagues than the men. Attitudes toward hiring women directors and women's reduced aspirations for achievement were suggested as alternative explanations for the lack of women executive directors in community mental health.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

A Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Phospholipid and Glycosphingolipid Headgroup Structure

245 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1980.The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments with various phospholipids and glycosphingolipids are used to derive structural and motional information about these molecules within lipid bilayers. Reasonable models of motion are inferred from various experimental results, and calculated NMR parameters are determined for all molecular orientations within desired conformational spaces. These calculated results are compared with the experimental results to determine which conformations are possible solutions to the headgroup structure.For the phospholipids, calculations are performed for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and these same lipids in the presence of cholesterol. Conformation spaces near the previously determined X-ray structures are examined for consistency with the experimental spectra. In all cases, large numbers of conformational solutions are found, although these can be separated into a few "quasi-conformations" if torsion angle ranges are used instead of specific angular values.For the glycosphingolipids, deuterium NMR experiments were done with N-palmitoylgalactosylceramide(PGAC) and N-palmitoylglucosylceramide (PGLC) deuterated in the fatty acid sidechain (PGAC) or in the headgroup (PGLC). The headgroup labeled PGLC spectra are used to perform an orientational analysis of the glucose headgroup similar to that done with choline. The final results demonstrate that there are two well-defined carbohydrate ring orientations consistent with the NMR spectra and the assumed motional model. Furthermore, it is shown that additional experiments with deuterium labels at different positions should permit an unambiguous description of the ring orientation for dispersions of pure PGLC as well as dispersions in which the cerebroside is only one of the lipid components.The theory upon which the analysis is based is presented as well as the computer programs used to perform the actual calculations. In addition, supplementary work done in collaboration with other laboratories using neutron diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and low-temperature NMR is described.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD