Implementering av indikeringssystem på dieselmotor og tester av dieseloljer

This report shows the implementation of indication systems and the setup of the lab for a single cylinder diesel engine located at Bergen Univercity College. Further on a study of alternative fuels was carried out, basing the study upon the laboratory engine. Two methods were used to test the different fuels. Tests of different fuels on the engine were carried out. The new indication system was used to determine the thermodynamic differences regarding to change in fuel properties. Also a system for monitoring exhaust gases and emissions were used during the tests. Simulations using software was carried out to check the fuel properties and their differences. Both engine parameters and fuel properties were changed to simulate the tests on the laboratory engine.Rapporten viser implementering av et indikeringssystem på en laboratoriemotor, samt oppbygging av et motorlaboratorium med en enkeltsylindret dieselmotor ved HiB. Videre ble et forskningsprosjekt av alternative brennoljer utført på testmotoren. To metoder ble brukt til testingen: fysisk testing på motoren og simuleringsforsøk i programvare på PC. Fysiske tester på motoren, hvor det nye indikeringssystemet ble brukt, for å finne termodynamiske forskjeller i forbrenningen som følge av forskjeller i brennoljens egenskaper. I tillegg ble det brukt avgassmåleutstyr for å se på utslippsforskjeller under testene. Simuleringsforsøk ble gjort med programvare på PC for å sjekke om brennoljenes egenskaper påvirket motorens egenskaper. Resultatene ble sammenlignet opp mot måleresultatene fra testmotoren.Master i EnergiMAMN-ENERGENERGI399

Experiences of WNGER II Ph.D.Fellows During the COVID-19 Pandemic – A Case Study

Since January 2020 there have been over 97 million reported cases and 2 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19 and it is not over yet. In many ways, the COVID-19 pandemic is a slow-motion disaster and an ‘external intervention’ that suddenly began in early 2020 and has maintained its grip on the world. The pandemic has influenced the education sector strongly as well, and Ph.D. candidates enrolled in Ph.D. programs during COVID-19 (‘the Ph.D. corona generation’) at Western Norway Graduate School of Educational Research II (WNGER II) were examined in this case study. WNGER II is a research school consortium with seven universities and universities colleges, 97 Ph.D.-candidates, and 48 supervisors and was established in 2018 to complement the Ph.D.-programs and strengthen the Ph.D. education in Western Norway. A pilot phase (2016–2017) was used to identify and address specific challenges in Ph.D. education as experienced in the seven universities and university colleges in Western Norway. The pandemic has presented an urgent need for a better knowledge base to understand the professional, social, and existential conditions for doctoral fellows when society is shut down for an extended period. This explorative case study examined what the doctoral fellows experienced when home office, digital teaching, and digital supervision suddenly replaced physical presence in the workplace (more or less) from March 12, 2020 to November 30, 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods research, formative dialog research, and case study design was applied to try to bridge the conceptual and contextual understanding of this phenomenon. The main data sources were a survey (N = 62, 85% women, 15% men, response rate 70%) and semi-structured interviews (with six Ph.D. fellows). Supplementary data collection was based on formative dialog research and comprised field dialog (13 seminars, eight Ph.D. courses, three Ph.D. supervision seminars, and two Ph.D. gatherings, N = 26), one focus group (n = 11), 21 online observations, and document analysis of Ph.D. policy documents and course evaluations (N = 15). The explorative case study found that the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows are satisfied with the educational quality concerning digital teaching and supervision (micro-level) but have experienced several research-related and psycho-social challenges during the pandemic (meso-level). These changed frame factors have impeded their feasibility and doctoral progression. Even if the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows experienced support during the pandemic, it seems like it entailed incremental measures that have not been sufficient. The Ph.D. regulations were created before the pandemic under normal conditions for normal conditions, but it appears that no substantial adjustments have been made for these extraordinary pandemic conditions in which frame factors attached to data collection, publication delays, childcare responsibilities, social distancing, etc. have changed the premises for their feasibility. This has been particularly critical for these Ph.D. fellows, who have been in this slow-motion disaster for up to 20 months (55% of their 3-year scholarship). Therefore, results from the case study indicate it is more important than ever to understand the gap between formulation, -transformation, and realization arena when it comes to the distinction between incremental, semi-structural changes and fundamental changes in Ph.D. regulations and guidelines caused by societal crises. Even if time compensation has been offered, it seems like the overall Ph.D. guidelines, regulations, and assessment norms have remained unchanged in the transformation arena (meso-level), which might have given some unforeseen implications for some Ph.D.-candidates, which calls for better crisis preparedness on a doctoral level in the years to come.publishedVersio

Implementering av indikeringssystem på dieselmotor og tester av dieseloljer

This report shows the implementation of indication systems and the setup of the lab for a single cylinder diesel engine located at Bergen Univercity College. Further on a study of alternative fuels was carried out, basing the study upon the laboratory engine. Two methods were used to test the different fuels. Tests of different fuels on the engine were carried out. The new indication system was used to determine the thermodynamic differences regarding to change in fuel properties. Also a system for monitoring exhaust gases and emissions were used during the tests. Simulations using software was carried out to check the fuel properties and their differences. Both engine parameters and fuel properties were changed to simulate the tests on the laboratory engine

Sirkulær økonomi i morgendagens byggenæring

Denne rapporten er utarbeidet på oppdrag fra Statsbygg. Formålet med rapporten er å belyse begrepet sirkulær økonomi og gi et diskusjonsgrunnlag for videre satsning. Fokuset er avgrenset til den norske byggenæringen og rapporten trekker frem utvalgte eksempler på hva sirkulær økonomi kan være for denne. Rapporten er altså ikke en utfyllende og komplett oversikt over sirkulær økonomi. Hva er sirkulær økonomi? Sirkulær økonomi er et tog som er i ferd med å få opp dampen. Slik et tog har hjul og går på skinner, så har en sirkulær økonomi lukkede material- og energisløyfer, grønn vekst og økt ressursutnyttelse. Men det er fortsatt ikke klart hva som driver toget framover, hvor det er på vei og hvem som er ombord. Og hvem står igjen på perrongen? Hvilken relevans har sirkulær økonomi for norsk byggenæring? God ressursutnyttelse er sentralt i en sirkulær økonomi. I den norske byggenæringen er det områder hvor ressursene ikke utnyttes godt nok. Fire eksempler på dette er i) håndtering av materialer og komponenter etter bruk, ii) ressursbruk i byggeprosessene, iii) arealutnyttelse og iv) energieffektive bygninger og områder. Drivkrefter og barrierer. Overordnede drivkrefter for en sirkulær økonomi er et behov for grønn økonomisk vekst, bedre ressursutnyttelse og redusert miljøpåvirkning. Drivkreftene omfatter både pisk (lover, forskrifter) og gulrøtter (nye forretningsmodeller, ny teknologi, nye insentiver). Det er også barrierer på veien. Eksempler på dette er blant annet mangel på tilbud og etterspørsel i ombruksmarkedet, endringsmotstand fra de som ser sirkulær økonomi som en risiko, og en fragmentert byggenæring med knappe marginer. Hvilken rolle har Statsbygg i en sirkulær økonomi? Denne delen av rapporten springer ut fra en workshop om sirkulær økonomi med deltakere fra SINTEF, Statsbygg og eksterne aktører. Tema var hvilken rolle Statsbygg kan eller bør ha i den videre utviklingen. Muligheter for Statsbygg til å være en pådriver er mange: - Være i front i byggenæringen (eksempelets makt) - Være en pådriver i egen verdikjede (stille krav, åpne for nye kontraktmodeller) - Være åpne for kreativitet og innovasjon (involvere nye aktører, lage nye muligheter i prosjekter) Hvor går veien? Veien fram mot en sirkulær økonomi blir til i en balansegang mellom handling i dag og planer for i morgen, mellom profitt og verdi, mellom helhetstenkning og detaljløsninger. Hva kan vi gjøre i dag og hva er snubletrådene? Det er større behov for å diskutere hva en sirkulær økonomi er, enn å ytterligere begrunne hvorfor vi trenger den. Avslutningsvis kan vi la veien gå i sirkel, tilbake i historien og lære fra tidligere tider hvor gjenbruk og ombruk var en dyd av nødvendighe

Sirkulær økonomi i morgendagens byggenæring

Denne rapporten er utarbeidet på oppdrag fra Statsbygg. Formålet med rapporten er å belyse begrepet sirkulær økonomi og gi et diskusjonsgrunnlag for videre satsning. Fokuset er avgrenset til den norske byggenæringen og rapporten trekker frem utvalgte eksempler på hva sirkulær økonomi kan være for denne. Rapporten er altså ikke en utfyllende og komplett oversikt over sirkulær økonomi. Hva er sirkulær økonomi? Sirkulær økonomi er et tog som er i ferd med å få opp dampen. Slik et tog har hjul og går på skinner, så har en sirkulær økonomi lukkede material- og energisløyfer, grønn vekst og økt ressursutnyttelse. Men det er fortsatt ikke klart hva som driver toget framover, hvor det er på vei og hvem som er ombord. Og hvem står igjen på perrongen? Hvilken relevans har sirkulær økonomi for norsk byggenæring? God ressursutnyttelse er sentralt i en sirkulær økonomi. I den norske byggenæringen er det områder hvor ressursene ikke utnyttes godt nok. Fire eksempler på dette er i) håndtering av materialer og komponenter etter bruk, ii) ressursbruk i byggeprosessene, iii) arealutnyttelse og iv) energieffektive bygninger og områder. Drivkrefter og barrierer. Overordnede drivkrefter for en sirkulær økonomi er et behov for grønn økonomisk vekst, bedre ressursutnyttelse og redusert miljøpåvirkning. Drivkreftene omfatter både pisk (lover, forskrifter) og gulrøtter (nye forretningsmodeller, ny teknologi, nye insentiver). Det er også barrierer på veien. Eksempler på dette er blant annet mangel på tilbud og etterspørsel i ombruksmarkedet, endringsmotstand fra de som ser sirkulær økonomi som en risiko, og en fragmentert byggenæring med knappe marginer. Hvilken rolle har Statsbygg i en sirkulær økonomi? Denne delen av rapporten springer ut fra en workshop om sirkulær økonomi med deltakere fra SINTEF, Statsbygg og eksterne aktører. Tema var hvilken rolle Statsbygg kan eller bør ha i den videre utviklingen. Muligheter for Statsbygg til å være en pådriver er mange: - Være i front i byggenæringen (eksempelets makt) - Være en pådriver i egen verdikjede (stille krav, åpne for nye kontraktmodeller) - Være åpne for kreativitet og innovasjon (involvere nye aktører, lage nye muligheter i prosjekter) Hvor går veien? Veien fram mot en sirkulær økonomi blir til i en balansegang mellom handling i dag og planer for i morgen, mellom profitt og verdi, mellom helhetstenkning og detaljløsninger. Hva kan vi gjøre i dag og hva er snubletrådene? Det er større behov for å diskutere hva en sirkulær økonomi er, enn å ytterligere begrunne hvorfor vi trenger den. Avslutningsvis kan vi la veien gå i sirkel, tilbake i historien og lære fra tidligere tider hvor gjenbruk og ombruk var en dyd av nødvendighetpublishedVersio

Experiences of WNGER II Ph.D.Fellows During the COVID-19 Pandemic – A Case Study

Since January 2020 there have been over 97 million reported cases and 2 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19 and it is not over yet. In many ways, the COVID-19 pandemic is a slow-motion disaster and an ‘external intervention’ that suddenly began in early 2020 and has maintained its grip on the world. The pandemic has influenced the education sector strongly as well, and Ph.D. candidates enrolled in Ph.D. programs during COVID-19 (‘the Ph.D. corona generation’) at Western Norway Graduate School of Educational Research II (WNGER II) were examined in this case study. WNGER II is a research school consortium with seven universities and universities colleges, 97 Ph.D.-candidates, and 48 supervisors and was established in 2018 to complement the Ph.D.-programs and strengthen the Ph.D. education in Western Norway. A pilot phase (2016–2017) was used to identify and address specific challenges in Ph.D. education as experienced in the seven universities and university colleges in Western Norway. The pandemic has presented an urgent need for a better knowledge base to understand the professional, social, and existential conditions for doctoral fellows when society is shut down for an extended period. This explorative case study examined what the doctoral fellows experienced when home office, digital teaching, and digital supervision suddenly replaced physical presence in the workplace (more or less) from March 12, 2020 to November 30, 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods research, formative dialog research, and case study design was applied to try to bridge the conceptual and contextual understanding of this phenomenon. The main data sources were a survey (N = 62, 85% women, 15% men, response rate 70%) and semi-structured interviews (with six Ph.D. fellows). Supplementary data collection was based on formative dialog research and comprised field dialog (13 seminars, eight Ph.D. courses, three Ph.D. supervision seminars, and two Ph.D. gatherings, N = 26), one focus group (n = 11), 21 online observations, and document analysis of Ph.D. policy documents and course evaluations (N = 15). The explorative case study found that the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows are satisfied with the educational quality concerning digital teaching and supervision (micro-level) but have experienced several research-related and psycho-social challenges during the pandemic (meso-level). These changed frame factors have impeded their feasibility and doctoral progression. Even if the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows experienced support during the pandemic, it seems like it entailed incremental measures that have not been sufficient. The Ph.D. regulations were created before the pandemic under normal conditions for normal conditions, but it appears that no substantial adjustments have been made for these extraordinary pandemic conditions in which frame factors attached to data collection, publication delays, childcare responsibilities, social distancing, etc. have changed the premises for their feasibility. This has been particularly critical for these Ph.D. fellows, who have been in this slow-motion disaster for up to 20 months (55% of their 3-year scholarship). Therefore, results from the case study indicate it is more important than ever to understand the gap between formulation, -transformation, and realization arena when it comes to the distinction between incremental, semi-structural changes and fundamental changes in Ph.D. regulations and guidelines caused by societal crises. Even if time compensation has been offered, it seems like the overall Ph.D. guidelines, regulations, and assessment norms have remained unchanged in the transformation arena (meso-level), which might have given some unforeseen implications for some Ph.D.-candidates, which calls for better crisis preparedness on a doctoral level in the years to come

Experiences of WNGER II Ph.D.Fellows During the COVID-19 Pandemic – A Case Study

Since January 2020 there have been over 97 million reported cases and 2 million deaths worldwide from COVID-19 and it is not over yet. In many ways, the COVID-19 pandemic is a slow-motion disaster and an ‘external intervention’ that suddenly began in early 2020 and has maintained its grip on the world. The pandemic has influenced the education sector strongly as well, and Ph.D. candidates enrolled in Ph.D. programs during COVID-19 (‘the Ph.D. corona generation’) at Western Norway Graduate School of Educational Research II (WNGER II) were examined in this case study. WNGER II is a research school consortium with seven universities and universities colleges, 97 Ph.D.-candidates, and 48 supervisors and was established in 2018 to complement the Ph.D.-programs and strengthen the Ph.D. education in Western Norway. A pilot phase (2016–2017) was used to identify and address specific challenges in Ph.D. education as experienced in the seven universities and university colleges in Western Norway. The pandemic has presented an urgent need for a better knowledge base to understand the professional, social, and existential conditions for doctoral fellows when society is shut down for an extended period. This explorative case study examined what the doctoral fellows experienced when home office, digital teaching, and digital supervision suddenly replaced physical presence in the workplace (more or less) from March 12, 2020 to November 30, 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods research, formative dialog research, and case study design was applied to try to bridge the conceptual and contextual understanding of this phenomenon. The main data sources were a survey (N = 62, 85% women, 15% men, response rate 70%) and semi-structured interviews (with six Ph.D. fellows). Supplementary data collection was based on formative dialog research and comprised field dialog (13 seminars, eight Ph.D. courses, three Ph.D. supervision seminars, and two Ph.D. gatherings, N = 26), one focus group (n = 11), 21 online observations, and document analysis of Ph.D. policy documents and course evaluations (N = 15). The explorative case study found that the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows are satisfied with the educational quality concerning digital teaching and supervision (micro-level) but have experienced several research-related and psycho-social challenges during the pandemic (meso-level). These changed frame factors have impeded their feasibility and doctoral progression. Even if the WNGER II Ph.D. fellows experienced support during the pandemic, it seems like it entailed incremental measures that have not been sufficient. The Ph.D. regulations were created before the pandemic under normal conditions for normal conditions, but it appears that no substantial adjustments have been made for these extraordinary pandemic conditions in which frame factors attached to data collection, publication delays, childcare responsibilities, social distancing, etc. have changed the premises for their feasibility. This has been particularly critical for these Ph.D. fellows, who have been in this slow-motion disaster for up to 20 months (55% of their 3-year scholarship). Therefore, results from the case study indicate it is more important than ever to understand the gap between formulation, -transformation, and realization arena when it comes to the distinction between incremental, semi-structural changes and fundamental changes in Ph.D. regulations and guidelines caused by societal crises. Even if time compensation has been offered, it seems like the overall Ph.D. guidelines, regulations, and assessment norms have remained unchanged in the transformation arena (meso-level), which might have given some unforeseen implications for some Ph.D.-candidates, which calls for better crisis preparedness on a doctoral level in the years to come