Implementation of building a thermal model to improve energy efficiency of the central heating system - a case study

This paper presents the concept of an innovative control of a central heating system in a multifamily building based on the original thermodynamic model, the resulting architecture of the control system, and the originally designed and manufactured wireless temperature sensors for thermal zones. The novelty of this solution is the developed layers of the control system: distributed measurement and correction analysis, which is based on the existing infrastructure and the local HVAC controller. This approach allows for the effective use of the measured temperature data from thermal zones and finally sending the value of the calculated correction of settings to the controller. Moreover, in the analytical layer, a model was also implemented that calculates the necessary amount of energy based on data from the subsystem of temperature sensors located in the thermal zones of the building. The use of the algorithmic strategy presented in this paper extends the functionality and significantly improves the energy efficiency of the existing, classic, reference heating control algorithm by implementing additional control loops. Additionally, it enables integration with demand-side response systems. The presented concept was successfully tested, achieving real energy savings for heating by 12%. These results are described in a case-study format. The authors believe that this concept can be used in other buildings and thus will have a positive impact on the energy savings used to maintain thermal comfort in buildings and significantly reduce CO2 emissions

The architecture for testing central heating control algorithms with feedback from wireless temperature sensors

The energy consumption of buildings is a significant contributor to overall energy con- sumption in developed countries. Therefore, there is great demand for intelligent buildings in which energy consumption is optimized. Online control is a crucial aspect of such optimization. The imple- mentation of modern algorithms that take advantage of developments in information technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, sensors, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is used in this context. In this paper, an architecture for testing central heating control algorithms as well as the control algorithms of the heating system of the building is presented. In particular, evaluation metrics, the method for seamless integration, and the mechanism for real-time performance monitoring and control are put forward. The proposed tools have been successfully tested in a residential building, and the conducted tests confirmed the efficiency of the proposed solution

Falownik ZVS-1S w zastosowaniu do nagrzewania indukcyjnego

Promotor: Stanisław Piróg.Recenzent: Andrzej Sikorski, Robert Stala.Niepublikowana praca doktorska.Tyt. z ekranu tyt.Praca doktorska. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica (Kraków). Wydział Elektrotechniki, Automatyki, Informatyki i Inżynierii Biomedycznej. Katedra Energoelektroniki i Automatyki Systemów Przetwarzania Energii, 2014.Zawiera bibliogr.Dostępna również w wersji drukowanej.Tryb dostępu: Internet.Falownik klasy E, jednołącznikowy falownik ZVS–1S klasy E wybór układu, jednołącznikowy, tranzystorowy falownik napięcia klasy E ZVS 1S, opis układu i zasada działania falownika w topologii podstawowej, możliwe stany pracy: praca optymalna, suboptymalna i nieoptymalna, praca falownika przy przełączaniu ZVS zależności ogólne, analiza matematyczna falownika w stanie pracy optymalnej, wyznaczanie zakresu względnych parametrów sterowania dla pracy optymalnej układu w zależności od parametrów tłumienia w obwodzie obliczenia numeryczne, właściwości regulacyjne, regulacja mocy wyjściowej, regulacja częstotliwości, obliczenia parametrów falownika, prezentacja wzbudnika, pomiary elektryczne wzbudnika, definicja parametrów wejściowych i wyjściowych falownika oraz założenia upraszczające, założenia dotyczące mocy wyjściowej, wyznaczanie parametrów schematu zastępczego układu wzbudnik wsad dla wykonanej końcówki grzejnej i przyjętego wsadu, drgania w obwodzie oscylacyjnym RLC, częstotliwość własna, częstotliwość drgań własnych, częstotliwość rezonansowa obwodu RLC falownika, układ rozruchowy falownika, oszacowanie energii rozproszenia wydzielającej się na tranzystorze, symulacje komputerowe, wyznaczanie przebiegów prądów i napięć w układzie przy znamionowym i różnym od znamionowego obciążeniu, zmienność parametrów sterowania w stanie pracy optymalnej w zależności od zmian tłumienia w obwodzie wyjściowym, własności regulacyjne układu: zależności sprawności układu, mocy odbiornika i strat mocy na tranzystorze od tłumienia w obwodzie i parametrów sterowania, regulacja mocy wyjściowej, projekt modelu laboratoryjnego falownika, układ siłowy, układ zasilający, układ sterowania, założenia do koncepcji układu sterowania falownika, koncepcje układów sterowania falownika, symulacyjna weryfikacja wypracowanych koncepcji układów sterowania falownika, topologia układów funkcyjnych układu sterowania falownika, opis modelu i wyniki jego badań laboratoryjnych, opis wykonanego modelu, wyniki badań laboratoryjnych, otrzymane przebiegi w układzie podczas pracy, weryfikacja parametrów elektrycznych obciążenia, oszacowanie mocy i sprawności układu, stany dynamiczne w układzie podczas pracy, szybka zmiana obciążenia falownika, włączanie i wyłączanie układu sterowani

All-Bootstrap Gate-Driver Supply System for a High-Voltage-Gain Resonant DC-DC Converter with Seven Switches

This paper presents the concept and implementation of an electronic system for a switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. The converter consists of seven switches, five of which being controlled like high-side type. This paper presents a non-typical bootstrap-based gate-driver system so that the converter can run using a single voltage source. The converter requires a special switching pattern to drive seven switches in a steady state and also during the start-up of the converter and the regulation of the output voltage. Therefore, an FPGA-based digital control system is used with various switching algorithms and protection functions implemented. The presented converter is an autonomic device that taps the energy from the main input. Therefore, the electronic system of the converter is equipped with a self-supply system with a wide range of the input voltage. The parameters of the converter such as voltage gain, voltages and power ranges can be scalable for prospective applications with the proposed control system

A Cost-Effective Resonant Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Boost Converter – Experimental Results and Feasibility Model

This paper presents the results of experimental research of a resonant switched capacitor voltage multiplier in a cost-effective topology (CESCVM) with a limited number of active switches. In the charging mode of the switched capacitors, the converter utilizes only one active switch and a required number of diodes. Therefore, the cost of the converter is decreased as compared with that of a classical SCVM converter, owing to a lower number of switches and gate driver circuits, as well as a smaller PCB area. Moreover, the CESCVM has simpler control circuits and higher reliability. This paper presents the original experimental results of the operation of the CESCVM converter. A concept of the bootstrap supply of gate drivers of the flying switches is also examined

GaN-Based DC-DC Resonant Boost Converter with Very High Efficiency and Voltage Gain Control

This paper presents a concept for the operation of a resonant DC–DC switched-capacitor converter with very high efficiency and output voltage regulation. In its basic concept, such a converter operates as a switched-capacitor voltage doubler (SCVD) in the Zero Current Switching (ZCS) mode with a constant output voltage. The proposed methods of switching allow for the switched-capacitor (SC) converter output voltage regulation, and improve its efficiency by the operation with Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). In this paper, various switching patterns are proposed to achieve high efficiency and the output voltage control by frequency or duty cycle regulation. Some examples of the application of the proposed switching patterns are presented: in current control at the start-up of the converter, in a bi-directional converter, and in a modular cascaded system. The paper also presents an analytical model as well as the relationships between the switching frequency, voltage ratio and efficiency. Further, it demonstrates the experimental verification of the waveforms, voltage ratios, as well as efficiency. The proposed experimental setup achieved a maximum efficiency of 99.228%. The implementation of the proposed switching patterns with the ZVS operation along with the GaN-based (Gallium Nitride) design, with a planar choke, leads to a high-efficiency and low-volume solution for the SCVD converter and is competitive with the switch-mode step-up converters

Single-source three-phase switched-capacitor-based MLI

This article proposes a novel three-phase inverter based on the concept of switched capacitors (SCs), which uses a single DC source. A three-phase, seven-level line-to-line output voltage waveform is synthesised by the proposed topology, which includes eight switches, two capacitors, and one diode per phase leg. The proposed topology offers advantages in terms of inherent voltage gain, lower voltage stresses on power switches, and a reduced number of switching components. Additionally, the switched capacitors are self-balanced, thereby eliminating the need for a separate balancing circuit. The proposed structure and its operating principle, the self-balancing mechanism of the capacitors, and the control strategy are all thoroughly explained in the article. The proposed topology has also been compared with some recent SC topologies. Lastly, the proposed topology has been shown to be feasible through simulation and experimentation

OMTF firmware overview

This paper describes firmware architecture of a new part of muon trigger system of the CMS detector – one of four detectors installed along LHC accelerator in CERN. Overlap Muon Track Finder (OMTF) is a new trigger subsystem designed to work in difficult barrel-endcap region of CMS detector. OMTF is designed to receive data from different detector types and process it to select 3 best muon candidates. These muon candidates are then forwarded to Global Muon Trigger (GMT). Performance requirements demanded usage of custom designed hardware. All the data reception and processing takes part in modern, large FPGA device. The IPBus module allows easy firmware control and diagnostics via Ethernet connection.© (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only