58 research outputs found
A new water-based topical carrier with polar skin-lipids
A new water-based topical formulation is presented that aims at providing good penetration properties for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs with as small a disturbance of the skin barrier function as possible. The formulation contains dispersed lipids in a ratio resembling that of human skin. The capacity to deliver is addressed in this first study while the mild effect on skin will be presented later. Three variations of the lipid formulation were investigated by use of pigskin in vitro diffusion cell. The hydrophilic 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) and the lipophilic acridine orange 10-nonyl bromide (AO) were used as model drug substances. The results showed that the delivery properties of the new formulation exceeded that of the references (vaseline and xanthan gum gel). The effect was largest for lipophilic AO where all lipid matrix formulations were superior in amount detected in the skin. The results for the hydrophilic CF were also promising. Especially efficient was the lipid formulation containing the non-ionic adjuvants tetra ethylene glycol monododecyl ether and polyoxyethylene 23 dodecyl ether. The additional in vivo study suggests that the used in vitro model has qualitative bearing on relevant in vivo situations
Performance Comparison of Differential 8-Ary Modulation Formats in High-Speed Optical Transmission Systems
This paper presents back-to-back and transmission performance comparisons between single-polarization 120 Gbit/s RZ-DQP-ASK and RZ-D8PSK formats in a single-wavelength system. In the back-to-back configuration, we determine the OSNR requirements of the two formats and compare the results with those obtained analytically and numerically. In the transmission experiments, we examine signal constellations to quantify the significance of intra-channel fiber nonlinearities and investigate the BER performance of the two formats over different reaches (up to 480 km). The results show that the performance of DQP-ASK is superior to D8PSK in back-to-back configuration but is inferior over long distances
Robust design of all-optical PSK regenerator based on phase sensitive amplification
More compact, stable, and efficient configuration of a recently-developed regenerator is presented. The regenerator is assessed at data rates up to 56 Gbit/s using white phase noise for the first time
Seabed Mapping and Marine Spatial Planning: A Case Study from a Swedish Marine Protected Area
Physical chemistr
Chapter Seabed Mapping and Marine Spatial Planning: A Case Study from a Swedish Marine Protected Area
Physical chemistr
New policies will require new approaches: the case of the Swedish Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fisheries in the Kattegat and Skagerrak
QPSK phase and amplitude regeneration at 56 Gbaud in a novel idler-free non-degenerate phase sensitive amplifier
We introduce a novel input-idler-free non-degenerate phase sensitive amplifier (PSA) configuration and use it for simultaneous phase and amplitude regeneration of quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) signals demonstrated at symbol rates up to 56 Gbaud
40-Gbaud 16-QAM transmitter using tandem IQ modulators with binary driving electronic signals
We propose a novel 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transmitter based on two cascaded IQ modulators driven by four separate binary electrical signals. The proposed 16-QAM transmitter features scalable configuration and stable performance with simple bias-control. Generation of 16-QAM signals at 40 Gbaud is experimentally demonstrated for the first time and visualized with a high speed constellation analyzer. The proposed modulator is also compared to two other schemes. We investigate the modulator bandwidth requirements and tolerance to accumulated chromatic dispersion through numerical simulations, and the minimum theoretical insertion attenuation is calculated analytically
New policies may call for new approaches: the case of Swedish Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) fisheries in the Kattegat and Skagerrak
Floristic diversity in the transition from traditional to modern land-use in southern Sweden a.d. 1800–2008
- …