Data_Sheet_1_Embodiment and Humiliation Moderation of Neural Responses to Others' Suffering in Female Submissive BDSM Practitioners.docx

<p>Giving and receiving pain are common in the practice of BDSM (bondage-discipline, dominance-submission, and sadism-masochism). Playing a submissive role during BDSM practice weakens both the behavioral and neural empathic responses of female individuals to others' suffering, suggesting that long-term BDSM experience affects BDSM practitioners' empathic ability. This study further investigates whether physical restriction during BDSM practice also modulates individuals' neural responses to others' suffering. We measured neural responses to others' suffering by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) in female submissives while they viewed painful and neutral expressions in sexual sadistic/general social contexts under ball gag Blocking and Relaxed conditions. The neural responses recorded during 92–112 ms (N1), 132–172 ms (P2), 200–340 ms (N2), early late positive potential (LPP, 400–600 ms), and late LPP (700–1,000 ms) were included in the analyses. Compared to the relaxed condition, when a ball gag was used to prevent facial muscle movement and facial mimicry, the N1, early LPP, and late LPP responses neural responses to others' suffering were inhibited. The moderation effect of ball gag blocking on the N1 and early LPP amplitudes was positively correlated with the subjective feelings of facial muscle stillness, and the blocking moderation effect on the late LPP amplitudes was positively correlated with subjective feelings of humiliation. This study is the first neuropsychological investigation of the transient BDSM-related physical restriction effects on BDSM practitioners. These findings suggest that physical restriction (via a ball gag) during BDSM practices increases the wearer's facial muscle stillness and sense of humiliation. This physical restriction inhibits both early automatic responses and late controlled processes in response to the suffering of others.</p

Ca₃Na₄LiBe₄B₁₀O₂₄F: A New Beryllium Borate with a Unique Beryl Borate _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] Layer Intrabridged by [B₁₂O₂₄] Groups

A novel beryllium borate, Ca₃Na₄LiBe₄B₁₀O₂₄F, has been discovered. It possesses a unique _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] layer composed of two opposite parallel [Be₄B₄O₁₂F]_∞ layers bridged with [B₁₂O₂₄] polyborates. The linkage of [B₁₂O₂₄] to other structural units is first found in anhydrous borates. In the _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] layer, multiple tunnels are arranged along different directions resided by the alkali and alkaline-earth cations. The compound remains stable in an ambient atmosphere from room temperature to the melting point at 830 °C and melts incongruently

Structural Evolution in BaSn₂F₅X (X = Cl, Br, I): A Family of Alkaline Earth Metal Tin Mixed Halides

As the first family of Sn-based alkaline earth metal mixed halides, three new compounds, BaSn₂F₅X (X = Cl, Br, and I), are synthesized by hydrothermal method. These compounds are crystallized in the centrosymmetric space groups of <i>P</i>2₁/<i>c</i>, <i>P</i>4/<i>nmm</i>, and <i>Pmma</i> for BaSn₂F₅Cl, BaSn₂F₅Br, and BaSn₂F₅I, respectively, and their microscopic frameworks are all composed of the fundamental structural unit [SnF₄]^2– and its derivatives ([SnF₄Cl]^3– and [SnF₅]^3– groups). Interestingly, the structures in BaSn₂F₅X are significantly changed from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) and then to 1D motifs as X varies from Cl, Br, to I. Structural analysis combined with theoretical calculations reveals that the structural diversities are caused by the difference of ionic radius and electronegativity of X^– anions as well as the orientation of the lone-pair electrons on Sn²⁺ cations. Moreover, the optical, electronic, and thermal properties for these three compounds are determined. This work provides a representative example to show how microscopic ions influence the structures, thus in favor of the design for new mixed halides, a type of important functional materials with many optoelectronic applications

Ca₃Na₄LiBe₄B₁₀O₂₄F: A New Beryllium Borate with a Unique Beryl Borate _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] Layer Intrabridged by [B₁₂O₂₄] Groups

A novel beryllium borate, Ca₃Na₄LiBe₄B₁₀O₂₄F, has been discovered. It possesses a unique _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] layer composed of two opposite parallel [Be₄B₄O₁₂F]_∞ layers bridged with [B₁₂O₂₄] polyborates. The linkage of [B₁₂O₂₄] to other structural units is first found in anhydrous borates. In the _∞²[Be₈B₁₆O₄₀F₂] layer, multiple tunnels are arranged along different directions resided by the alkali and alkaline-earth cations. The compound remains stable in an ambient atmosphere from room temperature to the melting point at 830 °C and melts incongruently

Experimental paradigm with factors gaze direction, agent’s ethnicity, and emotion.

<p><b><b><i>Note:</i></b><b> Between-subject variable  =  participant’s ethnicity.</b></b></p

Interaction effect of participant’s ethnicity, agent’s ethnicity, gaze direction, and emotion.

<p>Results refer to agents that show direct gaze (DIRECT). Top panel shows results for happiness, bottom panel shows results for anger. <i>Note:</i> Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. * <i>p</i><.05.</p

Nonlinear Optical Crystal Rb₄Sn₃Cl₂Br₈: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization

A new Sn-based halide compound, Rb₄Sn₃Cl₂Br₈, is synthesized by hydrothermal method. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic noncentrosymmetric space group of <i>Cmc</i>2₁, and the structure is composed of one-dimensional [Sn₄Cl₂Br₈]¹_∞ chains elongated in parallel to the <i>a</i>-axis. Interestingly, in the [Sn₄Cl₂Br₈]¹_∞ chains the [SnBr₅] and [SnClBr₄] groups hold pyramidal configurations which are found for the first time in Sn-based metal halides. Rb₄Sn₃Cl₂Br₈ exhibits a high thermal stability (up to 270 °C) and a relatively large bandgap of 2.82 eV. This compound shows a phase-matchable powder second harmonic generation response of 0.5 times of KH₂PO₄ (KDP), and is the first phase-matchable Sn-based halide nonlinear optical material. The discovery of Rb₄Sn₃Cl₂Br₈ will be beneficial to further phase-matchable nonlinear optical materials exploration in Sn-based halides

Interaction effect of gaze direction, participant’s ethnicity, agent’s ethnicity, and emotion.

<p>Top panel shows results for happiness, bottom panel shows results for anger. <i>Note:</i> Error bars indicate the 95% confidence interval. * <i>p</i><.05; ** <i>p</i><.01.</p

ReBe₂B₅O₁₁ (Re = Y, Gd): Rare-Earth Beryllium Borates as Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear-Optical Materials

Two novel rare-earth beryllium borates <i>Re</i>Be₂B₅O₁₁ (<i>Re</i> = Y, Gd) have been discovered. These materials possess a unique structural feature with a platelike infinite _∞²[Be₂B₅O₁₁]^3– superlayer, which is first found in beryllium borates. The superlayer can be seen as sandwich-shaped with _∞¹[B₄O₈]^4– chains linking up with a _∞²[Be₂BO₅]^3– sublayer above and below via the B–O–Be bond. Each _∞²[Be₂B₅O₁₁]^3– layer is further connected to the neighboring layer through <i>Re</i>³⁺ cations coordinating with O atoms. Both of these two crystals have very short cutoff wavelengths below 200 nm and exhibit relatively large nonlinear-optical (NLO) effects, indicating their promising applications as good deep-UV NLO crystals

First-Principles Design of a Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear-Optical Crystal from KBe₂BO₃F₂ to NH₄Be₂BO₃F₂

KBe₂BO₃F₂ (KBBF) is so far the sole nonlinear-optical (NLO) material that can be practically applied in the deep-ultraviolet (DUV) region. For the purpose of overcoming its layering tendency in crystal growth, herein a computer-assisted material design system is employed to design a new KBBF analogue, ammonia beryllium fluoroborate (NH₄Be₂BO₃F₂, ABBF). The first-principles calculations demonstrate that ABBF possesses NLO properties very close to those of KBBF, thus exhibiting good DUV NLO capability. Moreover, owing to the relatively strong chemical binding between layers, ABBF would have a better growth habit compared with KBBF. Upon synthesis, ABBF would be a very promising DUV NLO material