Dynamic residual deep learning with photoelectrically regulated neurons for immunological classification

Dynamic deep learning is considered to simulate the nonlinear memory process of the human brain during long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Here, we propose a photoelectrically modulated synaptic transistor based on MXenes that adjusts the nonlinearity and asymmetry by mixing controllable pulses. According to the advantage of residual deep learning, the rule of dynamic learning is thus elaborately developed to improve the accuracy of a highly homologous database (colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [c-ELISA]) from 80.9% to 87.2% and realize the fast convergence. Besides, mixed stimulation also remarkably shortens the iterative update time to 11.6 s as a result of the photoelectric effect accelerating the relaxation of ion migration. Finally, we extend the dynamic learning strategy to long short-term memory (LSTM) and standard datasets (Cifar10 and Cifar100), which well proves the strong robustness of dynamic learning. This work paves the way toward potential synaptic bionic retina for computer-aided detection in immunology

Roles and Mechanisms of Deubiquitinases (DUBs) in Breast Cancer Progression and Targeted Drug Discovery

Deubiquitinase (DUB) is an essential component in the ubiquitin—proteasome system (UPS) by removing ubiquitin chains from substrates, thus modulating the expression, activity, and localization of many proteins that contribute to tumor development and progression. DUBs have emerged as promising prognostic indicators and drug targets. DUBs have shown significant roles in regulating breast cancer growth, metastasis, resistance to current therapies, and several canonical oncogenic signaling pathways. In addition, specific DUB inhibitors have been identified and are expected to benefit breast cancer patients in the future. Here, we review current knowledge about the effects and molecular mechanisms of DUBs in breast cancer, providing novel insight into treatments of breast cancer-targeting DUBs

Facile and Scalable Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Chitosan Tartaric Sodium

Chitosan-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biomineralization and biosensors owing to its polycationic properties. The creation of chitosan nanostructures with controllable morphology is highly desirable, but has met with limited success yet. Here, we report that nanostructured chitosan tartaric sodium (CS-TA-Na) is simply synthesized in large amounts from chitosan tartaric ester (CS-TA) hydrolyzed by NaOH solution, while the CS-TA is obtained by dehydration-caused crystallization. The structures and self-assembly properties of CS-TA-Na are carefully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a polarizing optical microscope (POM). As a result, the acquired nanostructured CS-TA-Na, which is dispersed in an aqueous solution 20–50 nm in length and 10–15 nm in width, shows both the features of carboxyl and amino functional groups. Moreover, morphology regulation of the CS-TA-Na nanostructures can be easily achieved by adjusting the solvent evaporation temperature. When the evaporation temperature is increased from 4 °C to 60 °C, CS-TA-Na nanorods and nanosheets are obtained on the substrates, respectively. As far as we know, this is the first report on using a simple solvent evaporation method to prepare CS-TA-Na nanocrystals with controllable morphologies

Realizing ultrafast oxygen evolution by introducing proton acceptor into perovskites

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of prime importance in multiple energy storage devices. Perovskite oxides involving lattice-oxygen oxidation are generally regarded as highly active OER catalysts, but the deprotonation of surface-bound intermediates limit the further activity improvement. Here, it is shown that this kinetic limitation can be removed by introducing Sr3B2O6 (SB) which activates a proton-acceptor functionality to boost OER activity. As a proof-of-concept example, an experimental validation is conducted on the extraordinary OER performance of a Sr(Co0.8Fe0.2)(0.7)B0.3O3-delta (SCFB-0.3) hybrid catalyst, made using Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta as active component and SB as a proton acceptor. This smart hybrid exhibits an exceptionally ultrahigh OER activity with an extremely low overpotential of 340 mV in 0.1 m KOH and 240 mV in 1 m KOH required for 10 mA cm(-2) which is the top-level catalytic activity among metal oxides reported so far, while maintaining excellent durability. The correlation of pH and activity study reveals that this enhanced activity mainly originates from the improved interfacial proton transfer. Such a strategy further demonstrated to be universal, which can be applied to enhance the OER activity of other high covalent oxides with close O 2p-band centers relative to Fermi energy

Comparisons of infection events associated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in patients with inflammatory arthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the risk of infection in inflammatory arthritis patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to 28 December 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing TNF inhibitors and reporting infections. Subsequently, pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted to determine odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: A total of 61 RCTs involving 20,458 patients were included. Pairwise meta-analysis revealed that certolizumab pegol was significantly associated with an increased risk of serious infection compared to placebo (OR:2.28, 95% CI: 1.13–4.62). Both adalimumab and certolizumab pegol were also significantly associated with an increased risk of any infection compared to placebo (OR:1.18, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.30 and OR:1.40, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.76, respectively). Moreover, a network meta-analysis indicated that certolizumab pegol and infliximab were associated with a higher risk of serious infection compared to other TNF inhibitors. In the cumulative ranking of any infection risk, certolizumab pegol had the highest risk compared with others. TNF inhibitors increased the risk of tuberculosis but not that of herpes zoster.Conclusion: Available evidence indicates etanercept and golimumab are likely associated with a lower risk of infection compared to other TNF inhibitors in inflammatory arthritis. For patients at a heightened risk of infection, prioritizing the use of etanercept and golimumab may be advisable to minimize patient risk.Systematic Review Registration: identifier CRD4202231657

Long-term outcomes of additional surgery versus non-gastrectomy treatment for early gastric cancer after non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection: a meta-analysis

Abstract. Background:. Endoscopic resection is increasingly used in the treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC); however, about 15% of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) cases report non-curative resection. The efficacy of different remedial interventions after non-curative ESD for EGC remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of additional surgery and non-gastrectomy treatment for EGC patients who underwent non-curative ESD. Methods:. All relevant studies published up to October 2021 were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. The medical subject headings terms “early gastric cancer,” “gastrectomy,” “endoscopic submucosal dissection,” and their related free keywords were used to search relevant articles without restrictions on regions, publication types, or languages. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs of OS were calculated using a random- or fixed-effects model. Results:. This meta-analysis included 17 retrospective cohort studies with 5880 patients, of whom 3167 underwent additional surgery and 2713 underwent non-gastrectomy. We found that patients receiving additional gastrectomy had better 5-year OS (OR = 3.63, 95% CI = 3.05–4.31), DSS (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.22–4.66), and DFS (OR = 4.39, 95% CI = 1.78–10.82) outcomes than those receiving non-gastrectomy treatments. The pooled HR also showed that gastrectomy following non-curative ESD significantly improved OS (HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.33–0.48). In addition, elderly patients benefited from additional surgery in consideration of the 5-year OS (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.41–0.72). Conclusions:. Compared with non-gastrectomy treatments, additional surgery offered better long-term survival outcomes for patients with EGC who underwent non-curative ESD

Ultralong cycle life Li–O2 battery enabled by a MOF-derived ruthenium–carbon composite catalyst with a durable regenerative surface

The cycling performance of Li-O2 batteries (LOBs), which is an important parameter determining the practical use of this advanced energy technology with ultrahigh energy density, is strongly affected by the nature of the oxygen electrocatalyst. As a good oxygen electrode, it should possess good activity for both the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction and superior stability under operating conditions. During the past, oxygen electrodes for LOBs were generally fabricated by loading noble metal nanoparticles on the surface of a porous carbon support. However, the nanoparticles could easily lose contact with the carbon support during the reversible liquid-gas-solid reactions that involve lithium ions, oxygen gas, and Li2O2. Herein, we reported a novel Ru-metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon composite, characterized by stereoscopic Ru nanoparticle distribution within the carbon matrix, as an alternative oxygen catalyst of LOBs, enabling superior operational stability and favorable activity. More specifically, the battery demonstrated stable charge-discharge cycling for up to 800 times (∼107 days) at a current density of 500 mA g-1 with low discharge/charge overpotentials (∼0.2/0.7 V vs Li). A mechanism of regenerative surface was further proposed to explain the excellent cycling stability of the LOBs through the use of the Ru-MOF-C catalyst. These encouraging results imply an accessible solution to address issues related to the oxygen catalyst for the realization of practical LOBs

A synergistic architecture design on integrally boosting the hydroxyl adsorption and charge transfer for oxygen evolution reaction

The adsorption of surface reactant hydroxyl and subsequent charge transfer are the cornerstones of alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Though exhibiting benign OER performance, the catalytic activity of perovskite oxides is restricted by their inferior specific area and insufficient hydroxyl affinity. Here, a novel architecture composed of karren-structure and hybrid phase was proposed to uplift the kinetic limitation of hydroxyl adsorption and charge transfer. As a proof-of-concept, the karren-structure perovskite-based compound (Pr0.5Ba0.25Sr0.25Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-Co3O4) synthesized by a facile molten-salt synthesis exhibits excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 360 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.1 M KOH, and delivers 5-fold mass activity at 1.63 V relative to the pristine perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.25Sr0.25Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ, outperforming various transition metal oxides and noble metal RuO2. With insights from physicochemical characterization and in situ electrochemical analysis, the interlinked karren-structure is effective in providing active area and ion transfer channels for promoting the contact of hydroxyl with active sites, while the strong electronic interaction of the hybrid phase further favors the hydroxyl adsorption and charge transfer, synergistically expediting the sluggish OER kinetics. This work provides insights into the design of perovskite-based electrocatalysts with high performance via a synergistic structural modulation

Efficient Water Splitting Actualized through an Electrochemistry-Induced Hetero-Structured Antiperovskite/(Oxy)Hydroxide Hybrid

Exploring active, stable, and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for water splitting technology associated with renewable energy storage in the form of hydrogen fuel. Here, a newly designed antiperovskite-based hybrid composed of a conductive InNNi3 core and amorphous InNi(oxy)hydroxide shell is first reported as promising OER/HER bifunctional electrocatalyst. Prepared by a facile electrochemical oxidation strategy, such unique hybrid (denoted as EO-InNNi3) exhibits excellent OER and HER activities in alkaline media, benefiting from the inherent high-efficiency HER catalytic nature of InNNi3 antiperovskite and the promoting role of OER-active InNi(oxy) hydroxide thin film, which is confirmed by theoretical simulations and in situ Raman studies. Moreover, an alkaline electrolyzer integrated EO-InNNi3 as both anode and cathode delivers a low voltage of 1.64 V at 10 mA cm−2 , while maintaining excellent durability. This work demonstrates the application of antiperovskite-based materials in the field of overall water splitting and inspires insights into the development of advanced catalysts for various energy applications.S.S. and Y.Z. contributed equally to this work. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China of No. 21576135 and 21878158, Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of No. BK20170043. H.A.T. acknowledges the resources provided by the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI) facility at the Australian National University through the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme. Y.C. acknowledges the use of instruments and scientific and technical assistance at the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, The Victorian Node of Microscopy Australia. Y.Z. acknowledges the Australian Research Council (Discovery Early Career Researcher Award No. DE190100005; Discovery Project No. DP200100500)

Realizing High and Stable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution for Iron-Based Perovskites by Co-Doping-Induced Structural and Electronic Modulation

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a vital electrochemical process for various energy conversion and fuel production technologies. Co/Ni-rich perovskite oxides are extensively studied as promising alternatives to precious-metal catalysts; however, low-cost and earth-abundant iron (Fe)-rich perovskites are rarely investigated to date due to their poor activity and durability. This study reports an Fe-rich Sr0.95Ce0.05Fe0.9Ni0.1O3−δ (SCFN) perovskite oxide with minor Ce/Ni co-doping in A/B sites as a high-performance OER electrocatalyst. Impressively, SCFN shows more than an order of magnitude enhancement in mass-specific activity compared to the SrFeO3−δ (SF) parent oxide, and delivers an attractive small overpotential of 340 mV at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming many Co/Ni-rich perovskite oxides ever reported. Additionally, SCFN displays robust operational durability with negligible activity loss under alkaline OER conditions. The increased activity and stability of SCFN can be ascribed to co-doping-induced synergistic promotion between structural and electronic modulation, where Ce doping facilitates the formation of a 3D corner-sharing cubic structure and Ni doping gives rise to strong electronic interactions between active sites, which is key to achieving a highly active long-life catalyst. Importantly, this strategy is universal and can be extended to other Fe-based parent perovskite oxides with high structural diversity.補正完畢DE