Performance analysis of IS-95 CDMA cellular system using noncoherent M-ary orthogonal modulation with other cell interference

The bit error rate (BER) performance of the M-ary DS/CDMA cellular system in the presence of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and interference from other cells has been investigated. The data frame structure of the IS-95 system was adopted. The system operated in an asynchronous mode with perfect power control and voice activity factor of 3/8. Both the hard handoff and the soft handoff were considered respectively. A close form expression for the BER performance has been derived for the single cell CDMA system whereas numerical integration was employed for the multiple cells CDMA systems instead.published_or_final_versio

Functional Independence Score of people with Hemophilia and Factors affecting It

BACKGROUND: Haemophilia is rare genetic disorder commonly affecting males with spontaneous bleeding. Recurrent joint bleed or hemarthrosis is very common in such patient. Chronic arthropathy sets in over a period of time leading to severe restriction of joint movements. In this study we have assessed the joint status of haemophilia patients using a tool called FISH – functional independence score in haemophilia patients, which is a performance based assessment tool. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To assess the functional status of haemophilia patients using FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE SCORING IN HEMOPHILIA (FISH). 2. To assess the factors influencing functional status of haemophilia patients. METHODS: In this cross sectional study we have studied 58 subjects for 8 activities under 3 categories – self-care (eating and grooming, bathing and dressing), transfers (chair transfer and squatting) and locomotion (walking, stair climbing and running). Each activity was scored from 1 to 4 according to the level of assistance required. RESULTS: As a whole the mean age of patients were 28, mean FISH score was 26 lowest FISH score was for squatting, and stair climbing, Knee joint was the commonly involved joint. Presence of co-morbidities, ageing, low I.Q and multi joint involvement significantly lowered FISH score, whereas bleeding episodes, severity, physiotherapy and distance travelled for treatment did not affect the score. CONCLUSION: This study gave insight into joint status of haemophilic patients, and the factors influencing their functionality

Reduce Vibration Of Robot Finger Using Different Materials

A robot is a machine which can be guided by an external control device (or) the control may be embedded within. The branch of technology deals with design,construction,operation, and application of robots. As well as computer system of their control, sensor feedback, information processing, to how act of robot in as computer. Application fields of robot,welding, material handling, food industry to use in pick and place processing and domestic application etchellip In this project, the study has been made to develop of finger material change for robots in the field of food industries. Already food industries have to use in so many materials of robot fingers. In sample of silicon rubber material to reference of this project. But we change in the materials of silicon rubber alternative to Viton flouro elastomer. Both materials for soft contact and withstand high temperature. So, the change in material of silicon into Viton fluoro elastomer and then to save in time and high temperature to act a Viton rubber. The experimental study is carried out by a silicon and Viton fluoro elastomer for various parameters as following them ,nbsp Hardness test ,nbsp Bio material test ,nbsp Drop weight test , Tensile strength , Impact test ,nbsp Percentage elongation ,nbsp Fatigue test , Force gauges ,nbsp Plastic and rubber test. Compare for experimental test to silicon and Viton fluoro elastomer. The result shows that the Viton fluoro elastomer material is better than the silicon rubber for robot finger

The burden of disease attributable to ambient PM2.5-bound PAHs exposure in Nagpur, India

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to PM2.5 are genotoxic carcinogens that can also elicit non-cancer effects. Previous studies report substantial burdens of PAHs-related lung cancer, but no estimate for other cancer types or non-carcinogenic burden. Here, we assessed the burden of disease, in DALYs/person/year, attributable to thirteen priority PAHs in PM2.5 in Nagpur district, for several endpoints linked to benzo[a]pyrene, to inform policy decision-making for mitigation. We conducted detailed assessment of concentrations of PAHs in nine areas, covering urban, peri-urban and rural environments, from February 2013 to June 2014. PAHs concentrations were converted to benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration for cancer and non-cancer effects using relative potency factors and relative toxicity factors derived from quantitative structure-activity relationships, respectively. We derived severity for each endpoint using GBD 2016 dataset. The annual average concentration of total PAHs in Nagpur district was 458±246 ng/m3, and results in 0.011 DALYs/person/year (49,000 DALYs/year), much higher than the WHO reference limit of 1×10-6 DALYs/person/year. PAHs-related burden follow this order: developmental (mostly cardiovascular) impairment (55.1%) > cancer (26.5%) or lung cancer (23.1%) > immunological impairment (18.0%) > reproductive abnormally (0.4%). The estimated DALYs/person/year is high. Mitigation intervention should target combustion sources having the highest level of exposure

Global DNA methylation profiling of manganese-exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells reveals epigenetic alterations in Parkinson’s disease-associated genes

Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element required for optimal functioning of cellular biochemical pathways in the central nervous system. Elevated exposure to Mn through environmental and occupational exposure can cause neurotoxic effects resulting in manganism, a condition with clinical symptoms identical to idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Epigenetics is now recognized as a biological mechanism involved in the etiology of various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of DNA methylation alterations induced by chronic Mn (100 µM) exposure in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells in relevance to Parkinson’s disease. A combined analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data for Parkinson’s disease-associated genes was carried out. Whole-genome bisulfite conversion and sequencing indicate epigenetic perturbation of key genes involved in biological processes associated with neuronal cell health. Integration of DNA methylation data with gene expression reveals epigenetic alterations to PINK1, PARK2 and TH genes that play critical roles in the onset of Parkinsonism. The present study suggests that Mn-induced alteration of DNA methylation of PINK1–PARK2 may influence mitochondrial function and promote Parkinsonism. Our findings provide a basis to further explore and validate the epigenetic basis of Mn-induced neurotoxicity

Can the Indian national ambient air quality standard protect against the hazardous constituents of PM2.5?

Globally, exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution claims ~9 million lives, yearly, and a quarter of this deaths occurs in India. Regulation of PM2.5 pollution in India is based on compliance with its National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 40 μg/m3 , which is eight times the revised global air quality guideline (AQG) of 5 μg/m3.But, whether the NAAQS provides adequate protection against the hazardous components in PM2.5 is still not clear. Here, we examined the risk to health associated with exposure to PM2.5–bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an Indian district averaging below the NAAQS. The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 mass, Σ28PCB and Σ13PAHs were 34 ± 17 μg/m3, 21 ± 12 ng/m3 and 458 ± 246 ng/m3, respectively. Concentrations of As, Cr, Mn and Ni in PM2.5 surpassed the screening levels for residential air. Substantial level of risks to health were associated with exposure to dioxin-like PCBs (Σ12dlPCB), PAHs, As, Cr and Ni. The hazard index or lifetime cancer risk were 240, or 9 cases per 1000 population, respectively. The estimated risks to health through exposure to hazardous components, except Ni, were greatest in rural areas, having a lower average PM2.5 con�centration, than urban or peri-urban areas, suggesting higher toxicity potential of rural combustion sources. The large disparity between the estimated risk values and the acceptable risk level suggests that it would take a more stringent standard, such as the global AQG, to protect vulnerable populations in India from hazardous compo�nents in PM2.

Manganese exposure: linking down-regulation of miRNA-7 and miRNA-433 with α-synuclein overexpression and risk of idiopathic Parkinson's disease

Manganese is an essential trace element however elevated environmental and occupational exposure to this element has been correlated with neurotoxicity symptoms clinically identical to idiopathic Parkinson's disease. In the present study we chronically exposed human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to manganese (100 μM) and carried out expression profiling of miRNAs known to modulate neuronal differentiation and neurodegeneration. The miRNA PCR array results reveal alterations in expression levels of miRNAs, which have previously been associated with the regulation of synaptic transmission and apoptosis. The expressions of miR-7 and miR-433 significantly reduced upon manganese exposure. By in silico homology analysis we identified SNCA and FGF-20as targets of miR-7 and miR-433. We demonstrate an inverse correlation in expression levels where reduction in these two miRNAs causes increases in SNCA and FGF-20. Transient transfection of SH-SY5Y cells with miR-7 and miR-433 mimics resulted in down regulation of SNCA and FGF-20 mRNA levels. Our study is the first to uncover the potential link between manganese exposure, altered miRNA expression and parkinsonism: manganese exposure causes overexpression of SNCA and FGF-20 by diminishing miR-7 and miR-433 levels. These miRNAs may be considered critical for protection from manganese induced neurotoxic mechanism and hence as potential therapeutic targets