Earth Magnetic Field Data Analysis For Earthquake Study

Both International Real-Time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) and Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) are groundbased magnetometer networks that have been developed to study the space weather. and monitor the geomagnetic variations. A MAGDAS-II type magnetometer was installed at Penang recently for seismic monitoring. Since the MAGDAS station is newly established, the sensitivity and reliability of the magnetometer had to be tested by comparing its data with geomagnetic data obtained from another well-established magnetometer system, INTERMAGNET. The INTERMAGNET station that was chosen for this study is Dalat, Vietnam. The variations of the geomagnetic components H, D, and Z obtained from both stations are analysed to verify the effectiveness of the newly installed MAGDAS magnetometer for seismic monitoring. Magnetometers used to observe the changes in Earth’s magnetic field for earthquake study. The change in the Earth’s magnetic field is caused by the increase in stress field within the lithospheric layers prior to an earthquake which can be recorded at geomagnetic stations of a specific distance. Therefore, this research also focused on examining the relationship between geomagnetic variations and earthquakes in Sumatra from 2015 to 2020. Hence, the behaviour of the geomagnetic components H, D, and Z before the earthquake must be monitored to identify a possible association between them. Any anomalous variation observed in the geomagnetic field can be used as a precursor for earthquakes to prevent casualties and damages

Uterus didelphys with pregnancy and its different maternal and perinatal outcomes

Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a “double uterus,” is one of the least common amongst MDAs. These abnormalities can include failure of development, fusion, canalization, or reabsorption, which normally occurs between 6 and 22 weeks in utero. Most sources estimate an incidence of these abnormalities to be from 0.5 to 5.0% in the general population. It is an observational study of cases of uterine didelphys with pregnancy over a period of 2 years. Uterus didelphys with pregnancy has variable maternal and perinatal outcome. First case presents an uneventful course in pregnancy which was terminated with caesarian section with a healthy baby. Second case presented to us with retained placenta with perforation of left horn which was managed by obstetric hysterectomy. The third case presents a didelphys uterus with a congenitally abnormal fetus with Hydrops fetalis with IUFD at 7th month of gestation terminated by caesarian section due to associated vertical vaginal septum. Pregnancy in a uterus Didelphys deserves early diagnosis of the anomaly, and meticulous care in pregnancy and delivery to avert the associated adverse outcomes

Microstructure evolution in flow formed IN 718 products and subsequent fatigue crack growth properties

With the drive towards cost‐effective routes for the manufacture of engineering components, flow forming technologies are now under consideration for the production of structural axisymmetric geometries such as tubes and cones. This near net shape process is known to offer improvements in material utilisation when compared with traditional processes where substantial final machining is required. The microstructure, evolved as a result of the flow forming process together with subsequent heat treatments, will govern associated mechanical properties. Laboratory measurements of the structure‐property relationships of flow formed material can be problematic, mainly because of the restrictions imposed on the extraction of conventional specimen geometries since most of the finished tubular or cone structures will contain thin and curved walls. The development of a suitable specimen design and associated test technique for the measurement of fatigue crack growth rates at room and elevated temperatures is presented. Data obtained from flow formed Inconel 718 (IN 718) will be compared with specimens of the exact same geometry but machined from conventionally forged IN 718 stock. This allowed for validation of the novel flow formed test in addition to an assessment of the damage tolerance of the flow formed variant. The intimate relationship between local microstructure and fracture mechanisms will be described

A methodology for assessing the feasibility of producing components by flow forming

This paper describes a methodology for assessing the applicability of the flow forming process for the manufacture of specific components. The process starts by filtering potential candidates for flow forming from a component collection and then carries out a detailed assessment of quantitative, technological and economic feasibility before determining a viable process plan. The process described uses analytical relationships and criteria drawn from the literature. For example, qualitative feasibility is evaluated using analytical relationships for ultimate strength prediction. Similarly technological validation is done estimating forming process forces and defects rate which are evaluated against threshold values. A process time model is used to develop a hybrid cost model in order to evaluate economic feasibility. Using these calculated values production feasibilities are established by comparison with reported reduction ratios and process parameters. The paper concluded with a brief summary of the results of applying the process to an industrial case study