Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Chicken Meat and Eggs from Traditional Markets at Yogyakarta City Using Bioassay Method

Studies on antibiotic residues content in food of animal origin are currently needed to support veterinary public health programs. The present study was described bioassay method for the detection of antibiotic residues in chicken meat and eggs from traditional market at Yogyakarta City. A number of twenty-four chicken meat samples and 24 egg samples were taken from 8 traditional markets in Yogyakarta city. Samples were examined at Centre for Veterinary Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using bioassay method for screening detection of penicillin, aminoglycoside, macrolide and tetracycline residues. This bioassay method using some bacteria, such as Bacillus stearothermophillus, B. cereus, B. subtilis, and Kocuria rizophila. A percentage of the results showed that 8.33% (2/24) samples of chickens tested positively contained the oxytetracycline antibiotic residues. Meanwhile, as much as 75% (18/24) samples of positive eggs contain penicillin antibiotic residues, positive residues of aminoglycoside amounted to 12.5% (3/24) and the positive residues of oxytetracycline also amounted to 12.5% (3/24)

The Proportion of Endometrial Tumours Associated with Lynch Syndrome (PETALS): a prospective cross-sectional study

This is the final version. Available on open access from the Public Library of Science via the DOI in this recordBackground: Lynch syndrome (LS) predisposes to endometrial (EC), colorectal and other cancers through inherited pathogenic variants affecting mismatch-repair (MMR) genes. Diagnosing LS in women with EC can reduce subsequent cancer mortality through colonoscopic surveillance and aspirin chemoprevention; it also enables cascade testing of relatives. A growing consensus supports LS screening in EC, however, the expected proportion of test-positives and optimal testing strategy is uncertain. Previous studies from insurance-based healthcare systems were limited by narrow selection criteria, failure to apply reference standard tests consistently and poor conversion to definitive testing. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of LS and the diagnostic accuracy of LS testing strategies in an unselected EC population. Methods and Findings: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at a large UK gynaecological cancer centre between October/2015 and January/2017. Women diagnosed with EC or atypical hyperplasia (AH) were offered LS testing. Tumours underwent MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC), microsatellite instability (MSI) and targeted MLH1-methylation testing. Women <50 years, with strong family histories and/or indicative tumour molecular features underwent MMR germline sequencing. Somatic MMR sequencing was performed when indicative molecular features were unexplained by LS or MLH1-hypermethylation. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of LS in an unselected EC population and the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and tumour testing strategies for risk stratifying women with EC for MMR germline sequencing. In total, 500 women participated in the study; only 2 (<1%) declined. Germline sequencing was indicated and conducted for 136 and 135 women, respectively. 16/500 women (3.2%, 95% CI 1.8% to 5.1%) had LS and 11 more (2.2%) had MMR variants of uncertain significance. Restricting testing to age <50 years, indicative family history (revised Bethesda guidelines or Amsterdam-II criteria) or endometrioid histology alone would have missed 9 (56%), 11 (69%) or 12 (75%), and 5 (31%) of the 16 cases of LS, respectively. In total 132/500 tumours were MMR-deficient by IHC, of which 83/132 (63%) had MLH1-hypermethylation and 16/49 (33%) of the remaining patients had LS (16/132 with MMR-deficiency, 12%). MMR-IHC with targeted MLH1-methylation testing was more discriminatory for LS than MSI/methylation testing, with 100% versus 56.3% (16/16 versus 9/16) sensitivity (p=0.016) and equal 97.5% (468/484) specificity. 64% MSI-H and 73% MMR-deficient tumours unexplained by LS or MLH1-hypermethylation had somatic MMR-mutations. The main limitation of the study was failure to conduct MMR germline sequencing for the whole study population, which means that the sensitivity and specificity of tumour triage strategies for LS detection may be over-estimated, although the risk of LS in women with no clinical or tumour predictors is expected to be extremely low. Conclusions: In this study, we observed that age, family history and histology are imprecise clinical correlates of LS-EC. IHC outperformed MSI for tumour triage, and reliably identified both germline and somatic MMR mutations. The 3.2% proportion of LS-EC is similar to colorectal cancer, supporting unselected screening of EC for LS.

Structural breaks and external shocks in the Malaysian economy

The Malaysian economy has undergone rapid economic growth and structural change over the past four decades

A CDMA multiple packet-burst capture receiver scheme

grantor: University of TorontoA packet-based, spread-spectrum, multiple-capture receiver scheme is proposed for the reverse channel of a cellular communication system in which the terminals utilize common codes to spread the initial portion of their transmissions which is required for capture and a temporarily assigned long spreading code for the data portion of the transmissions. Access to the reverse channel is controlled through a busy tone signal in the forward channel in order to prevent excessive multiple access interference at the receiver. A model of the receiver scheme is developed and simulated using bit and chip rates similar to those in third generation mobile communication systems. Packet-transmission capture, packet throughput, access delay and packet-erasure rates in the receiver scheme are investigated. In addition, the effect of intercell interference, path diversity, antenna selection diversity and slow terminal motion is also examined.M.A.Sc

Soot particulate formation in a confined diesel fuel spray-flame at elevated pressure An experimental and image-based study

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN054290 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo