Pembangunan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan bagi murid sekolah rendah

Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan untuk mengatasi masalah penguasaan kata berimbuhan dalam kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Kit inovasi ini berperanan sebagai bahan alternatif aktiviti PdPc kata berimbuhan, bahan sokongan tenaga akademik untuk mempelbagaikan teknik pengajaran serta menyediakan pelbagai variasi soalan yang menjurus kepada penguasaan kata berimbuhan. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah kajian Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (Design and development Research Approach) yang diasaskan oleh Richey dan Klien (2007). Kajian ini dibahagikan kepada tiga fasa. Fasa pertama melibatkan analisis keperluan yang melibatkan 163 orang murid dan lima orang ketua panitia bahasa Melayu bagi mendapatkan maklum balas tentang keperluan kepada pembinaan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan. Fasa kedua kajian merangkumi pendekatan Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi (FDM) untuk membangunkan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan berdasarkan pandangan keputusan panel pakar yang terdiri daripada 20 orang pakar. Fasa terakhir kajian ini ialah fasa penilaian kebolehgunaan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan. Kajian kuasi eksperimen dijalankan terhadap 68 orang murid yang terdiri daripada kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Dapatan keseluruhan fasa pertama menunjukkan semua murid dan guru memerlukan kit sokongan berupa bahan alternatif untuk menguasai kata berimbuhan. Dapatan konsensus pakar, dalam fasa kedua menunjukkan kesemua konstruk kit inovasi mencapai kesepakatan pakar yang baik antara panel pakar dalam pembinaan item kit inovasi iaitu melebihi 66.7%. Hasil kajian kuasi eksperimen dalam fasa ketiga pula menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap skor min pencapaian keseluruhan aspek kata berimbuhan antara kumpulan eksperimen dengan kumpulan kawalan dalam ujian pasca. Pembangunan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan berupaya meningkatkan penguasaan imbuhan murid sekolah rendah

Desmoplastic malignant melanoma of alveolus – A rare entity

SummaryDesmoplastic malignant melanoma (DMM) is a distinctive variant of malignant melanoma. DMM involving the oral mucosa is very rare and to our knowledge, there are only 16 cases reported in the English literature. This is a case report of DMM in a 32-year-old male patient involving the maxillary alveolus

A Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Secure Optimal Path-Routing Protocol for Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks

Recently, research into Wireless Body-Area Sensor Networks (WBASN) or Wireless Body-Area Networks (WBAN) has gained much importance in medical applications, and now plays a significant role in patient monitoring. Among the various operations, routing is still recognized as a resource-intensive activity. As a result, designing an energy-efficient routing system for WBAN is critical. The existing routing algorithms focus more on energy efficiency than security. However, security attacks will lead to more energy consumption, which will reduce overall network performance. To handle the issues of reliability, energy efficiency, and security in WBAN, a new cluster-based secure routing protocol called the Secure Optimal Path-Routing (SOPR) protocol has been proposed in this paper. This proposed algorithm provides security by identifying and avoiding black-hole attacks on one side, and by sending data packets in encrypted form on the other side to strengthen communication security in WBANs. The main advantages of implementing the proposed protocol include improved overall network performance by increasing the packet-delivery ratio and reducing attack-detection overheads, detection time, energy consumption, and delay

DEFLAZACORT VERSUS PREDNISONE/PREDNISOLONE FOR MAINTAINING MOTOR FUNCTION AND DELAYING LOSS OF AMBULATION: A POST HOC ANALYSIS FROM THE ACT DMD TRIAL

Introduction: ACT DMD was a 48-week trial of ataluren for nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). Patients received corticosteroids for ≥6 months at entry and stable regimens throughout study. This post hoc analysis compares efficacy and safety for deflazacort and prednisone/prednisolone in the placebo arm. Methods: Patients received deflazacort (n = 53) or prednisone/prednisolone (n = 61). Endpoints included change from baseline in 6-minutewalk distance (6MWD), timed function tests, estimated age at loss of ambulation (extrapolated from 6MWD). Results: Mean changes in 6MWD were -39.0 m (deflazacort; 95%confidence limit [CL], -68.85, -9.17) and -70.6 m (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, -97.16, -44.02).Mean changes in 4-stair climb were 3.79 s (deflazacort; 95% CL, 1.54, 6.03) and 6.67 s (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, 4.69, 8.64). Conclusions: This analysis, limited by its post hoc nature, suggests greater preservation of 6MWD and 4-stair climb with deflazacort vs. prednisone/prednisolone. A head-to-head comparisonwill better define these differences

Multiple novel prostate cancer susceptibility signals identified by fine-mapping of known risk loci among Europeans

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous common prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility loci. We have fine-mapped 64 GWAS regions known at the conclusion of the iCOGS study using large-scale genotyping and imputation in 25 723 PrCa cases and 26 274 controls of European ancestry. We detected evidence for multiple independent signals at 16 regions, 12 of which contained additional newly identified significant associations. A single signal comprising a spectrum of correlated variation was observed at 39 regions; 35 of which are now described by a novel more significantly associated lead SNP, while the originally reported variant remained as the lead SNP only in 4 regions. We also confirmed two association signals in Europeans that had been previously reported only in East-Asian GWAS. Based on statistical evidence and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure, we have curated and narrowed down the list of the most likely candidate causal variants for each region. Functional annotation using data from ENCODE filtered for PrCa cell lines and eQTL analysis demonstrated significant enrichment for overlap with bio-features within this set. By incorporating the novel risk variants identified here alongside the refined data for existing association signals, we estimate that these loci now explain ∼38.9% of the familial relative risk of PrCa, an 8.9% improvement over the previously reported GWAS tag SNPs. This suggests that a significant fraction of the heritability of PrCa may have been hidden during the discovery phase of GWAS, in particular due to the presence of multiple independent signals within the same regio

Pembangunan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan bagi murid sekolah jenis kebangsaan Tamil

Penguasaan kata berimbuhan semakin serius dalam kalangan murid SJKT. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan untuk mengatasi masalah penguasaan kata berimbuhan dalam kalangan murid SJKT. Tiga objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti keperluan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan dalam bahasa Melayu bagi murid Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil, membangunkan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan dengan menggunakan DDR Richey dan Klein (2007) serta menilai keberkesanan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan bagi murid Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil. Kit inovasi ini berperanan sebagai bahan alternatif aktiviti PdPc kata berimbuhan, bahan sokongan tenaga akademik untuk mempelbagaikan teknik pengajaran serta menyediakan pelbagai variasi soalan yang menjurus kepada penguasaan kata berimbuhan. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah kajian Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (Design and development Research Approach) yang diasaskan oleh Richey dan Klien (2007). Berdasarkan kaedah ini, kajian ini dibahagikan kepada tiga fasa. Fasa pertama melibatkan analisis keperluan yang terdiri daripada tiga bahagian. Bahagian pertama ialah kajian tinjauan yang melibatkan 163 orang murid. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis melalui statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan perisian Satistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versi 25.0. Interpretasi analisis keperluan ini berpandukan nilai min dan sisihan piawai. Bahagian kedua kajian melibatkan ujian penilaian kemahiran kata berimbuhan untuk mengukur tahap penguasaan kata berimbuhan dalam kalangan murid. Bahagian ketiga pula merangkumi temu bual secara separa struktur terhadap ketua panitia bahasa Melayu bagi mendapatkan maklum balas tentang keperluan kepada pembinaan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan. Fasa kedua kajian merangkumi pendekatan Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi (FDM) untuk membangunkan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan berdasarkan pandangan keputusan panel pakar yang terdiri daripada 20 orang pakar. Interpretasi data untuk pendekatan kaedah Fuzzy Delphi berdasarkan penerimaan komponen utama dan elemen kit inovasi oleh panel pakar. Nilai peratusan skor penerimaan diambil kira untuk menentukan kesesuaian seluruh komponen dan elemen dalam kit inovasi. Nilai peratusan harus melebihi 66.7% dan dianggap sesuai serta boleh diimplimentasikan. Fasa terakhir kajian ini ialah fasa penilaian kebolehgunaan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan. Kajian kuasi eksperimen dijalankan terhadap 68 orang murid yang terdiri daripada kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Dapatan keseluruhan fasa pertama menunjukkan bahawa murid dan guru memerlukan kit sokongan berupa bahan alternatif aktiviti PdPc untuk menguasai kata berimbuhan. Dapatan konsensus pakar, dalam fasa kedua menunjukkan kesemua konstruk kit inovasi mencapai kesepakatan pakar iaitu melebihi 66.7%. Dapatan ini menunjukkan terdapat kesepakatan yang baik antara panel pakar dalam pembinaan item kit inovasi. Hasil kajian kuasi eksperimen dalam fasa ketiga pula menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap skor min pencapaian keseluruhan aspek kata berimbuhan antara murid kumpulan eksperimen dengan murid kumpulan kawalan dalam ujian pasca. Pembangunan kit inovasi kata berimbuhan berupaya meningkatkan penguasaan imbuhan murid SJKT

Apparatus and method for heat-run test on high-power PWM converters with low energy expenditure

Before installation, a voltage source converter is usually subjected to heat-run test to verify its thermal design and performance under load. For heat-run test, the converter needs to be operated at rated voltage and rated current for a substantial length of time. Hence, such tests consume huge amount of energy in case of high-power converters. Also, the capacities of the source and loads available in the research and development (R&D) centre or the production facility could be inadequate to conduct such tests. This paper proposes a method to conduct heat-run tests on high-power, pulse width modulated (PWM) converters with low energy consumption. The experimental set-up consists of the converter under test and another converter (of similar or higher rating), both connected in parallel on the ac side and open on the dc side. Vector-control or synchronous reference frame control is employed to control the converters such that one draws certain amount of reactive power and the other supplies the same; only the system losses are drawn from the mains. The performance of the controller is validated through simulation and experiments. Experimental results, pertaining to heat-run tests on a high-power PWM converter, are presented at power levels of 25 kVA to 150 kVA