The role of ozone forcing on climate models

Thirteen coupled Atmospheric Oceanic Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs) and seven Chemistry Climate Models (CCMs) are compared to radiosonde and satellite observations to assess model performance and to study the connection between ozone forcing and model temperature trends during the last two decades. Overall, CCMs and AOGCMs that include time-varying ozone forcing agree reasonably well with observations in the lower stratosphere for both annual and seasonal averages, but models without time-varying ozone forcing (fixed) are statistically different from observations between ~ 150 hPa and 10 hPa. Both CCMs and those AOGCMs with time-varying ozone forcing capture the seasonality of the observed southern hemisphere extratropical lower stratospheric temperature trends. In the tropical lower stratosphere, only a few models show seasonal temperature trend variations that resemble the observations. In the middle troposphere (500 hPa), significant differences between models and observations were found, both in the tropics (during DJF and JJA) and in the southern hemisphere extratropics (during MAM and JJA). These differences are difficult to reconcile, although our analyses indicate that the inclusion of stratospheric ozone forcing may affect trends from the stratosphere down into the troposphere

Übertragungsgenauigkeit von Bohrschablonen unterschiedlicher Herstellungsart auf die Implantatposition : Eine In-vitro-Studie

Das Ziel dieser In-vitro-Studie war es, die Auswirkungen des Herstellungsverfahrens von Bohrschablonen auf die dreidimensionale Übertragungsgenauigkeit der Implantatposition zu untersuchen. Verglichen wurden 3D-gedruckte (3DF), gefräste (FF) und laborgefertigte Orientierungsschablonen (LO). Material und Methoden: Die Implantatposition in Regio 026 wurde virtuell in einem Prüfmodell geplant. Zur räumlichen Erfassung wurden sieben Glaskugeln in das virtuelle Modell konstruiert. Da diese gewählte Referenzmethode zur Vermessung der Prüfmodelle neuartig und noch nicht dokumentiert worden war, wurde eine Eignungs- und Reproduzierbarkeitsüberprüfung durchgeführt. Die 3DF- und FF- Führungsschablonen wurden virtuell entworfen, während die LO- Orientierungsschablonen manuell erstellt wurden. Es wurden 10 Bohrschablonen je Herstellungsverfahren angefertigt (3DF, FF und LO). Jede Bohrschablone wurde für eine schablonengeführte Implantatinsertion in einem 3D- gedruckten Prüfmodell verwendet, die im gleichen Phantomkopf fixiert wurden. Zur Auswertung der Implantatposition wurden von allen 30 Prüfmodellen DVT-Aufnahmen angefertigt, in einer 3D-Software überlagert und die Implantatpositionen bestimmt. Gemessen wurden die Abweichungen an der Implantatschulter und Implantatapex in den drei Raumrichtungen (x,y,z), die Abweichungen im Raum (dxyz), sowie die Winkelabweichungen. Ergebnisse: Höchste horizontale Abweichungen an der Implantatschulter vestibulo-oral 0,17 mm (FF und LO) und mesio-distal 0,37 mm (L0). Höchste Werte am vestibulo-oralen Apex 0,45 mm (3DF) und mesio-distal 0,77 mm (L0). Die höchste maximale Abweichung betrug 1,23 mm (LO). Die vertikalen Abweichungen lagen zwischen 0,93 mm (FF) und 1,02 mm (3DF) an der Implantatschulter und zwischen 0,98 mm (3DF) und 1,04 mm (3DF) am Implantat-Apex. Die höchste maximale Abweichung wurde mit 1,29 mm (3DF) gemessen. Die Winkelabweichungen lagen zwischen 2,3° (max. 4,2°) für 3DF und 3,4° (max. 5,3°) für FF. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie zeigt, dass eine hohe und zuverlässige Übertragungsgenauigkeit innerhalb des erforderlichen Sicherheitsbereichs von 1,5 mm und 2,0 mm erreicht werden konnte. Es wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Übertragungsgenauigkeit zwischen den verwendeten Bohrschablonen festgestellt

A zero-truncated discrete Akash distribution with properties and applications

This study proposes and examines a zero-truncated discrete Akash distribution and obtains its probability and moment-generating functions. Its moments and moments-based statistical constants, including coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis, and the index of dispersion, are also presented. The parameter estimation is discussed using both the method of moments and maximum likelihood. Applications of the distribution are explained through three examples of real datasets, which demonstrate that the zero-truncated discrete Akash distribution gives better fit than several zero-truncated discrete distributions

Characterization of West African Jet Streams and Their Association to ENSO Events and Rainfall in ERA-Interim 1979–2011

The interannual variability of West African jet streams and their association with rainfall are reexamined using European Reanalysis ERA-Interim 1979–2011. The objective of the study is to characterize their climatology and role in rainfall variability in western Sahel. Wavelet analysis was used on wind speed data and implications to ENSO were discussed subsequently. Our results show that while the low-level African Westerly Jet (AWJ) correlates well with rainfall south of the equator in boreal winter months, the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and African Easterly Jet (AEJ) correlate better with rainfall north of the equator in the boreal summer months. Results of interannual-to-decadal variability in 200 mb, 600 mb, and 850 mb of zonal wind reveal that there is enhanced variability in the 2–8 year band. Also, the TEJ, AEJ, and AWJ fluctuations are coupled with variations in southern oscillation. Further analysis suggests a statistically significant association between TEJ and the El Niño events of the 1980s that led to intense drought in the Sahel region of West Africa. The 2007 moderate La Niña shows a statistically significant coherence with the 500 mb, 600 mb, and 850 mb jets. These associations are also phase locked, suggesting that the association may be more than by chance

Characteristics of Lake Chad Level Variability and Links to ENSO, Precipitation, and River Discharge

This study used trend, correlation, and wavelet analysis to characterize Lake Chad (LC) level fluctuations, river discharge, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and precipitation regimes and their interrelationships. Linear correlation results indicate a negative association between ENSO and LC level, river discharge and precipitation. Trend analysis shows increasing precipitation in the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) but decreasing LC level. The mode of interannual variability in LC level, rainfall, and ENSO analyzed using wavelet analysis is dominated by 3-4-year periods. Results show that variability in ENSO could explain only 31% and 13% of variations in LC level at Kindjeria and precipitation in the northern LCB, respectively. The wavelet transform coherency (WTC) between LC level of the southern pool at Kalom and ENSO is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level and phase-locked, implying a cause-and-effect association. These strong coherencies coincide with the La Niña years with the exception of 1997-1998 El Niño events. The WTC shows strong covariance between increasing precipitation and LC level in the northern pool at a 2- to 4-year band and 3- to 4-year band localized from 1996 to 2010. Implications for water resource planning and management are discussed

An Observational and Model Characterization of Vertical Structure of Wind Fields over Eastern United States: A Case Study of Sterling, Virginia

The performance of twenty GCMs that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5 (CMIP5) is evaluated at Sterling, Virginia, by comparing model outputs with radiosonde observational dataset and reanalysis dataset. We evaluated CMIP5 models in their ability to simulate wind climatology, seasonal cycle, interannual variability, and trends at the pressure levels from 850 hPa to 30 hPa. We also addressed the question of the number of years required to detect statistically significant wind trends using radiosonde wind measurements. Our results show that CMIP5 models and reanalysis successfully reproduced the observed climatological annual mean zonal wind and wind speed vertical distribution. They also capture the observed seasonal zonal, meridional, and wind speed vertical distribution with stronger (weaker) wind during the winter (summer) season. However, there is some disagreement in the magnitude of vertical profiles among CMIP5 models, reanalysis, and radiosonde observation. Overall, the number of years to obtain statistically significant trend decreases with increasing pressure level except for upper troposphere. Although the vertical profile of interannual variability of CMIP5 models and reanalysis agree with the radiosonde observation, the wind trend is not statistically significant. This indicates that detection of trends on local scale is challenging because of small signal-to-noise ratio problems

Predictors of Women’s Satisfaction with Hospital-Based Intrapartum Care in Asmara Public Hospitals, Eritrea

Background. Exploring patient satisfaction contributes to provide quality maternity care, but there is paucity of epidemiologic data in Eritrea. Objectives. To determine the predictors of women's satisfaction with intrapartum care in Asmara public maternity hospitals in Eritrea. Methods. A cross-sectional study among 771 mothers who gave birth in three public Hospitals. Chi-square tests were done to analyze the difference in proportion and logistic regression to assess the predictors of satisfaction with intrapartum care. Results. Overall, only 20.8% of the participants were satisfied with intrapartum service. The key predictors of satisfaction with intrapartum care were provision of clean bed and beddings (AOR = 18.87, 2.33–15.75), privacy during examinations (AOR = 10.22, 4.86–21.48), using understandable language (AOR = 8.72, 3.57–21.27), showing how to summon for help (AOR = 8.16, 4.30–15.48), showing baby immediately after birth (AOR = 8.14, 2.87–23.07), control of the delivery room (AOR = 6.86, 2.65–17.75), receiving back massage (AOR = 6.43, 3.23–12.81), toilet access and cleanliness (AOR = 6.09, 3.25–11.42), availability of chairs for relatives (AOR = 5.96, 3.14–11.30), allowing parents to stay during labour (AOR = 3.52, 1.299–9.56), and request for permission before any procedure (AOR = 2.39, 1.28–4.46). Conclusion. To increase satisfaction with intrapartum care, maternity service providers need to address the general maternity ward cleanliness, improve the quality of physical facilities, and sensitize health providers for better communication with clients. Policy makers need to adopt strategies that ensure more women involvement in decision making and consideration of privacy and reassurance needs during the whole delivery process

Epidemiology, clinical features, and impact of food habits on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A case-control study in Bangladesh.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most predominant cause of HCC. Concerns arise for the presence of additional risk factors, as there is still a large proportion of patients without HBV or HCV infection. Previous studies have reported that higher intake of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of red/processed meat might play a protective role in HCC etiology, though the nationwide proof is limited. Hence, we studied multiple risk factors including food habit, lifestyle, and clinical implications of HCC patients in Bangladeshi. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, as well as data on food habits, were collected in this study. Our results indicated that a high intake of rice (AOR 4.28, 95% CI 1.48 to 14.07, p = 0.011), low intake of fruits (AOR = 4.41 95% CI 1.48-15.46; p = 0.012), leafy vegetables (AOR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.32-6.08; p = 0.008), and fish (AOR = 4.64 95% CI 2.18-10.23; p<0.001) increased the HCC risk. Moreover, a high intake of eggs (AOR = 2.07 95% CI 0.98-4.43; p = 0.058) also showed an increased risk. Roti, non-leafy vegetables, red meat, and tea were found to have no association with HCC risk. This study revealed that food habit patterns and lifestyle may have a profound effect on HCC development among Bangladeshi patients in addition to well established risk factors

Insights from the 19th Student Council Symposium (SCS2023), the first hybrid ISCB Student Council global event

The 19th ISCB Student Council Symposium (SCS2023) organized by ISCB-SC adopted a hybrid format for the first time, allowing participants to engage in-person in Lyon, France, and virtually via an interactive online platform. The symposium prioritized inclusivity, featuring on-site sessions, poster presentations, and social activities for in-person attendees, while virtual participants accessed live sessions, interactive Q&A, and a virtual exhibit hall. Attendee statistics revealed a global reach, with Europe as the major contributor. SCS2023’s success in bridging in-person and virtual experiences sets a precedent for future events in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. Availability and Implementation: The details of the symposium, speaker information, schedules, and accepted abstracts, are available in the program booklet (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8173977). For organizers interested in adopting a similar hybrid model, it would be beneficial to have access to details regarding the online platform used, the types of sessions offered, and the challenges faced. Future iterations of SCS can address these aspects to further enhance accessibility and inclusivity.publishersversionpublishe