Dampak resesi ekonomi pada penurunan kematian dan peningkatan angka harapan hidup di indonesia

Abstrak Since July 1997, Indonesia has suffered a monetary crisis that has led to a high rate of inflation and economic recession., This situation has inflicted an impact on the individual at two levels that is through the family and then the government role. Economic recession can also have a direct and indirect influence on the degree of public health.. There is a phenomenon of epidemiological polarization, which has a bigger impact on handling public health issues during recession. Without a program and more effective and efficient activities compared with the previous years, the current economic crisis will endanger the pattern of the declining death rate and increasing life expectancy at birth. Although various studies indicate that recession and economic fluctuation does not always lead to a stagnation and decline in public health, the economic conditions in Indonesia are fundamentally different from those in other countries going through a similar experience. Effuf is to maintain a momentum in reducing death rate and increasing life expectancy require reinventing public health policy. Keywords: economic recession, increasing life expectanc

Hasil konferensi kependudukan di kairo: implikasinya pada program kesehatan reproduksi di indonesia

Abstract The World Population Conference in Cairo has received substantial attention and comments from the mass media and a large circle of experts, although a more basic explanation is still needed due to the result of the conference. Since abortion is considered a very important issue which dominates the field of reproductive health, it needs to further analyze the relations between abortion and the \u27new concept\u27 of reproductive health. This paper broadly analyzes the objectives and the agreed result of the conference. It also proposes several implications on the reproductive health program in Indonesia. Even though, as the mass media reported, the Cairo Conference seemed to be a conference on abortion, the theme of the conference was: Population, Sustainable Economic Growth, and Sustainable Development. Indonesia takes a very active role in the preparation of the world\u27s population conference, including to conduct and initiate the summit population conference of the Non-Aligned Ministerial level prior the Cairo Conference. The Cairo World Population Conference has resulted in a substantially broad Population Action Program, in which the implementation needs serious consideration on the heterogeneity of the respective countries according to the priorities of development, cultural considerations, norms, religion, and law that prevails in the respective countries, yet the Conference should consider the norms of the universal human rights. Out of various materials covered in the Population Action Program, reproductive health problems have become one of the important controversial sources. For this reason it has thus been agreed to accept a "new concept" of reproductive health. Out of this \u27new concept\u27, some implications of several reproductive health programs emerge, particularly the family planning program of the countrywhich should be expanded and qualified. Even though the "new concept" of reproductive health covers sexual reproductive rights, it has been wholly agreed that abortion would not be promoted as one of the implementations of the family planning method! The target of quantity in various fields could be optimistically achieved except the maternal mortality decline. Without a breakthrough effort in the new reproductive health sector the quantitative aims to reduce the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia could never be achieved. Keywords: maternal mortality , abortio

Penduduk Usia Lanjut Sebagai Konsekuensi DemograflsAkebat Peningkatan Harapan Hedup

ABSTRACT This article addresses the life expectancy at birth in the context of predicting the future problem concerning the population aging in Indonesia. Levels, trends and differentials of life expectancy at births are presented according to the province. A simple interpretation of life expectancy at birth is presented in the manner of its relevancy for comparing the level between region and predicting the future longevity of a baby birth in the given year. There is a strong evidence that average of age death can be longer than a formal number of life expectancy at birth reported by national statistical office. Using both a projection and prediction Indonesia has to able to address the dramatic increase of aging population for the next 25 years. Three areas of policy concems should be addressed seriously: a) the quality of future aging population as a human resourceb) demand for jobs from the aging population and it\u27s creation, and c) the kind and quality of education, as well as adequacy of the leisure time during retirement. if the government failed to address these issues as early as possible, it will result serious social and public health problems in the future. Key words: aging population, the quality of future agin

Arah dan implementasi kebijaksanaanprogram keluarga berencana di Indonesia

Abstract There are some interesting differences between the Family Planning Program in Indonesia and the family planning in Cairo Action Program. The FP Program, has larger actions, such as the society\u27s attention to the increasing age limit of marriage, family resistance building, increasing the family welfare, and birth control. While, the family planning in Cairo Action Program is only limited to the birth control. This writing tries to describe those differences as well as to clarify the direction and the implementation of the FP Program which increasingly become an FP movement. Keywords: Keluarga berencan

Determinan Penggunaan Metode Kontrasepsi IUD di Indonesia Analisis Data SDKI 2002-2003

Background: Report of Indonesian Health and Demographic Survey (IHDS) 2002-2003 showed an increase of contraceptive use from 57% (1997) to 60% (2002-2003) among married women in Indonesia. The use of Injection method had the highest increase while Intra Uterine Device was decrease. Contraceptive method usually was used based on the reasons for controlling birth and birth spacing. The choice of contraceptive method was influenced by motivation, access and cost.Objective: The goal was to explore the determinant of IUD method use in Indonesia.Method: Data of IHDS 2002-2003 was analyzed using cross-sectional study design. Sample was married women aged 15-49 years old who use IUD method. Data was analyzed statistically using chi-square test and logistic regression at 95% significant level.Result: Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the demand of contraceptive use and IUD method use. Respondent with birth control reason had a probability of 2.8 times to use IUD (OR=2.8; CI 95%=2.45-3.13). Health service place and cost of service were also had a significant relationship with contraceptive use demand. Respondent who used government\u27s health facility had a probability to use IUD OR=1.9; CI 95%=1.67-2.06).Conclusion: Respondent with birth control reason tends to use IUD. Those who use government\u27s health facility and those who paid more than Rp200.000,00 were also tend to use IUD. Another factors influence IUD method use was age, parity, education level, economic status and residence status

DAMPAK RESESI EKONOMI PADA PENURUNAN KEMATIAN DAN PENINGKATAN ANGKA HARAPAN HIDUP DI INDONESIA*

Since July 1997, Indonesia has suffered a monetary crisis that has led to a high rate of inflation and economic recession. This situation has inflicted an impact on the individual at two levels that is through the family and then the government role. Economic recession ean also have a direct and indirect influence on the degree of public health. There is a phenomenon of epidemiological polarization, which has a bigger impact on handling public health issues during recession. Without a program and more effective and efficient activities compared with the previous years, the current economic crisis will endanger the pattern of the declining death rate and increasing life expectancy at birth. Although various studies indicate that recession and economic fluctuation does notalways lead to a stagnationand decline inpublic health, the economic conditions in Indonesia arefundamentally different from those in other countries going through a similar experience. Efforts to maintain a momentum in reducing death rate and increasing life expectancy require reinventingpublic health policy

Estimasi Pengaruh Vaksin DPT pada Kematian Anak: Analisis Multivariabel data Survailan Demografi dan Kesehatan di Kabupaten Purworejo

Background: Recent  controversial  reports  suggest  that  recipients  of  one dose  of DTP  vaccines had  higher mortality  than  children who  had  received  no DTP  vaccine. We   reanalyzed data  on vaccination  and  child  survival collected  from demographic  and health  surveillance  to  challenge previous  findings.Objectives: To estimate specific and non-specific effects of DTP vaccination on child mortality age 1-24 months under  routine vaccination  program  in  Indonesia.Methods: A  longitudinal  surveillance  data  provided  information  on 5647  children  below  24 months  of age who received DTP and  other vaccinations. The main  outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Background  factors associated with mortality were  collected,  such as:  sex,  birth  order, dead  sibling, mother’s  education and  family size. We assessed DTP vaccinations  as an  independent  factor with other  variables  in Cox’s  regression models with  time  dependent  covariates.Results: There  is  no  sex  differential  of mortality  among  children  in  Purworejo  even  after  considering  other factors using Cox  regression  analysis. Mortality was  lower  in  the  group  vaccinated with DTP vaccine  compared with  those  not  vaccinated,  the  relative  risk  of mortality  (RR)  being  0.56 with  95%  confidence  interval  (CI)  is 0.453–0.690. After controlling  for  the  background  factors,  recipient of DPT vaccines  continued  to  have  a  lower mortality with RR=0.74  (95% CI:  0.586–0.925). BCG  and measles  vaccines have  stronger  non-specific  effects compared  to  effects  of DTP  vaccines.Conclusion:    Through  specific  effect  against  targeted  diseases  and  a  non-specific  benefit  against  others illnesses,  the study  showed  reduced mortality among  children who  received DTP  vaccine. There  is no  reason to  change current  vaccination policy  because DTP was not  associated with  any  harmful  effect  among  girls.Keywords: non-specific  effects, DTP  Vaccine,  child  survival, Cox’s Regressio

VAKSIN ROTAVIRUS: APAKAH SUDAH WAKTUNYA DIMASUKKAN DALAM PROGRAM IMUNISASI NASIONAL DI INDONESIA?

Background: Two rotavirus vaccines have been availablefor use. The objectives of the study to examine disease burdenof diare rotavirus and the cost and effectiveness of a rotavirusvaccination program in Indonesia.Material and Methods:  Data on direct and indirect costs ofchildren with rotavirus diarrhea were established in PurworejoDistrict and Yogyakarta city. It was extrapolated to nationalestimates on the basis of the projected birth cohort in 2007and diarrhea morbiditity rate at national level. The main outcomemeasures were economic burden and cost-effectiveness ratio(Rupiah per DALY averted).Results: The disease burden is equivalent to an economicburden of an estimated Rp390.4 billion in medical direct costs,Rp 67.3 bilion in nonmedical direct costs, and 70.4 billion rupiahin indirect costs. From the health care system and communityperspectives, universal vaccination of infants at a cost of lessthan US $12,7 for a vaccine dose would be a cost-effective ofpublic health intervention.Conclusions and Recommendation: In Indonesia, rotavirusvaccination would reduce the morbidity burden of rotavirusinfection, but would not be cost-effective unless the price ofvaccine decreased considerably. At the current price ofvaccine, universal vaccination program for rotavirus wouldnot be recommended.Keywords: burden of disease, rotavirus diarrhea vaccine,cost-effectivenes

TRANSISI DEMOGRAFI DAN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN*

From a number of studies there are evidences of the existence of integration between "demography variables" and the development process. In this case it is important to understand that the population policies have been formulated for the continuity of development process, mainly by paying attention to the integration between people (inhabitants) and their environment. In this case, the government's policy is to stabilize economic development, distributing it evenly and maintain the environment in accordance with the global Population Action Program. The problems caused by changes related to the demographic transition can be considered the material for the future demographic policies

HASIL KONFERENSI KEPENDUDUKAN DI KAIRO: IMPLIKASINYA PADA PROGRAM KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DI INDONESIA

The World PopulationConference in Cairo has received substantial attention and comments from the mass media and a large circle of experts, although a more basic explanation is still needed due to the result of the conference. Since abortion is considered a very important issue which dominates the field of reproductive health, it needs to further analyze the relations between abortion and the 'new concept' of reproductive health. This paper broadly analyzes the objectives and the agreed result of the conference. It also proposes several implications on the reproductive health program in Indonesia. Even though, as the mass media reported, the Cairo Conference seemed to be a conference on abortion, the theme of the conference was: Population, Sustainable Economic Growth, and Sustainable Development. Indonesia takes a very active role in the preparation of the world's population conference, including to conduct and initiate the summit population conference of the Non-Aligned Ministerial level prior the Cairo Conference. The Cairo World Population Conference has resulted in a substantially broad Population Action Program, in which the implementation needs serious consideration on the heterogeneity of the respective countries according to the priorities of development, cultural considerations, norms, religion, and law that prevails in the respective countries, yet the Conference should consider the norms of the universal human rights. Out of various materials covered in the Population Action Program, reproductive health problems have become one of the important controversial sources. For this reason it has thus been agreed to accept a "new concept" of reproductive health. Out of this 'new concept', some implications of several reproductive health programs emerge, particularly the family planning program of the countrywhich should be expanded and qualified. Even though the "new concept" of reproductive health covers sexual reproductive rights, it has been wholly agreed that abortion would not be promoted as one of the implementations of the family planning method. The target of quantity in various fields could be optimistically achieved except the maternal mortalitydecline. Without a breakthrough effort in the new reproductive healthsector the quantitative aims to reduce the maternalmortality rate in Indonesia could never be achieved