Effects of Artemia enriched with vitamin C and highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and survival of post-larval western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The effects of diets containing enriched Artemia with highly unsaturated fatty acids and different amounts of vitamin C on the growth factors and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae was studied. We used four different groups (three treatments and one control) with 3 replicate for each treatment during 15 days. All post larvae were randomly selected and fed with four diets containing normal Artemia (control treatment), Artemia enriched with cod liver oil (treatment 1), Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 10 percent of vitamin C (treatment 2) and Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 20 percent of vitamin C (treatment 3). Farming of shrimp larvae from PL1 to PL15 was completed in 300 liters tanks each containing around 150 liters of water. At the end of the experiment, the growth factors and survival rate of stage PL15 in treatments 1, 2 and 3 improved in comparison with control treatment. The survival rate at PL15 in treatments 2 and 3 showed a significant difference from control due to the synergistic properties of unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin C. No significant difference was found for survival rate between treatment 1 and the control treatment in PL15 stage. Also, no significant difference was seen for growth rate between treatments 2 and 3 in PL15. The highest growth factors and survival rate among different treatments in stage PL15 was observed in treatment 3 (diets containing Artemia enriched with cod liver oil and 20 percent vitamin C) and the lowest was associated with control treatment, diets containing un-enriched Artemia

Promoting Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of the mothers in their girls' pubertal health based on peer education approach

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Communication and educational approaches in health promotion of adolescents has been challenging. Peer education is a well-known approach that not only provides youths with knowledge; they also learn the related skills in communication to convey health messages to target groups. This paper describes the impact of peer education method on KAP of the mothers concerning the middle school girls' pubertal health. METHODS: This experimental study was carried out on 100 mothers who divided into two groups (n=50). The participants were allocated in each group randomly. Traditional education was conducted by lecturing for one group and peer education was used for the second group. Self made questionnaire was employed for data collection at base and 1.5 month follow up. Scoring was ordered as: knowledge and practice scale; 75 was described as high. Attitude scaled up with "maximum and minimum" divided on 3 concepts: negative, positive and buffer (no idea) and then compared in two groups. FINDINGS: Average attitude score after training in peer group was 86.25±0.49 and in lecture group was 48.25±0.78 (p=0.007). Average knowledge score in peer group was 89.33±2.15 and in lecture group was 43.73±5.67 (p<0.001). Also the average practice score was 80.8±21.36 in peer group and it was 56±38.86 in lecture group (p<0.001). Knowledge, attitude and practice in lecture group respectively in 16, 66 and 42 people and in peer group respectively in 78, 96 and 74 people were in good level (p<0.002). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the girl peer education approach will increase the average of knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers to pubertal health topic. Puberty health education using active learning methods and the groups involved with subject is recommended

Reversible Al Propagation in Si x Ge 1-x Nanowires

While reversibility is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics, most reactions are not readily reversible, especially in solid state physics. For example, thermal diffusion is a widely known concept, used among others to inject dopant atoms into the substitutional positions in the matrix and improve the device properties. Typically, such a diffusion process will create a concentration gradient extending over increasingly large regions, without possibility to reverse this effect. On the other hand, while the bottom up growth of semiconducting nanowires is interesting, it can still be difficult to fabricate axial heterostructures with high control. In this paper, we report a reversible thermal diffusion process occurring in the solid-state exchange reaction between an Al metal pad and a SixGe1-x alloy nanowire observed by in-situ transmission electron microscopy. The thermally assisted reaction results in the creation of a Si-rich region sandwiched between the reacted Al and unreacted SixGe1-x part, forming an axial Al/Si/SixGe1-x heterostructure. Upon heating or (slow) cooling, the Al metal can repeatably move in and out of the SixGe1-x alloy nanowire while maintaining the rod-like geometry and crystallinity, allowing to fabricate and contact nanowire heterostructures in a reversible way in a single process step, compatible with current Si based technology. This interesting system is promising for various applications, such as phase change memories in an all crystalline system with integrated contacts, as well as Si/SixGe1-x/Si heterostructures for near-infrared sensing applications

The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment

Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors, and develops because of the rapid growth of the tumor that outstrips the oxygen supply, and impaired blood flow due to the formation of abnormal blood vessels supplying the tumor. It has been reported that tumor hypoxia can: activate angiogenesis, thereby enhancing invasiveness and risk of metastasis; increase survival of tumor, as well as suppress anti-tumor immunity and hamper the therapeutic response. Hypoxia mediates these effects by several potential mechanisms: altering gene expression, the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of suppressor genes, reducing genomic stability and clonal selection. We have reviewed the effects of hypoxia on tumor biology and the possible strategiesto manage the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the potential use of cancer stem cells in tumor treatment. © 2021, The Author(s)

Studies on combination of oxaliplatin and dendrosomal nanocurcumin on proliferation, apoptosis induction, and long non-coding RNA expression in ovarian cancer cells

Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer. Therefore, the development of new anticancer drugs is a clinical priority to develop more effective therapies. New approaches to improve clinical outcomes and limit the toxicity of anticancer drugs focus on chemoprevention. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dendrosomal nanocurcumin (DNC) and oxaliplatin (Oxa) and their combination on cell death and apoptosis induction in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The synergism effect of Oxa and DNC was analyzed using the equation derived from Chou and Talalay. In addition, real-time PCR was used to measure the effect of this combination on the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs with different expression in ovarian cancer and normal ovaries. Our data showed that the effect of DNC on cell death is more than curcumin alone in the same concentration. The greatest cell death effect was observed in combination of Oxa with DNC, while Oxa was added first, followed by DNC at 4 h interval (0/4 h). The findings indicated that DNC induced apoptosis significantly in both cell lines as compared to control groups; however, combination of both agents had no significant effect in apoptosis induction. In addition, combination of both agents significantly affects the relative expression of long non-coding RNAs investigated in the study as compared with mono therapy. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V

Nanoscale aluminum plasmonic waveguide with monolithically integrated germanium detector

Surface plasmon polaritons have rapidly established themselves as a promising concept for molecular sensing, near-field nanoimaging, and transmission lines for emerging integrated ultracompact photonic circuits. In this letter, we demonstrate a highly compact surface plasmon polariton detector based on an axial metal-semiconductor-metal nanowire heterostructure device. Here, an in-coupled surface plasmon polariton propagates along an aluminum nanowire waveguide joined to a high index germanium segment, which effectively acts as a photoconductor at low bias. Based on this system, we experimentally verify surface plasmon propagation along monocrystalline Al nanowires as thin as 40 nm in diameters. Furthermore, the monolithic integration of plasmon generation, guiding, and detection enables us to examine the bending losses of kinked waveguides. These systematic investigations of ultrathin monocrystalline Al nanowires represent a general platform for the evaluation of nanoscale metal based waveguides for transmission lines of next generation high-speed ultracompact on-chip photonic circuits

Biallelic loss of LDB3 leads to a lethal pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy

Autosomal dominant variants in LDB3 (also known as ZASP), encoding the PDZ-LIM domain-binding factor, have been linked to a late onset phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy in humans. However, despite knockout mice displaying a much more severe phenotype with premature death, bi-allelic variants in LDB3 have not yet been reported. Here we identify biallelic loss-of-function variants in five unrelated cardiomyopathy families by next-generation sequencing. In the first family, we identified compound heterozygous LOF variants in LDB3 in a fetus with bilateral talipes and mild left cardiac ventricular enlargement. Ultra-structural examination revealed highly irregular Z-disc formation, and RNA analysis demonstrated little/no expression of LDB3 protein with a functional C-terminal LIM domain in muscle tissue from the affected fetus. In a second family, a homozygous LDB3 nonsense variant was identified in a young girl with severe early-onset dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non-compaction; the same homozygous nonsense variant was identified in a third unrelated female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy. We further identified homozygous LDB3 frameshift variants in two unrelated probands diagnosed with cardiomegaly and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings demonstrate that recessive LDB3 variants can lead to an early-onset severe human phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myopathy, reminiscent of the knockout mouse phenotype, and supporting a loss of function mechanism

Review of management and monitoring of two crop shrimp production of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus in intensive culture system in Guatr Shrimp Farm, Sistan & Baloochestan Province

In line with the implementation of two Crop shrimp culture in year in Gwater shrimp Farming Site credits UNDP aims to increase production of crops per year, reducing the days of culture in the second crop using the nursery pond, control feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production management, Farming of Indian white Shrimp P.indicus in 4 private farm was done in 2008. Surveillance and monitoring of these farms, the possible obstacles to the harmful effects of management strengths and weaknesses and develop in the future was done in corporation of Offshore Fisheries Research Center of Chabahar and fisheries of Sistan and Balouchestan. First crop was successful, but the shrimp of Nursery pond and second crop due to the occurrence of white spot disease (WSSV) disease and casualties were died and did not actually do the work. The average minimum and maximum feed conversion in Culture period 1.46 and 1.96 respectively, in C2 _31 and C2 _ 14 farms were observed. Maximum production was 41,376 kg in farm C2 _31. The rainfall on 14 August severe flooding and water supplying cussed suddenly fall down of Inland channel water salinity at day 16-20 the August to 4-5 PPT and the PH go up to 8.8-9. After 2 days the white spot disease in South of site was confirmed and was transferred immediately to the north of site. (The pilots farm) The important thing was that the farm under two crop system as a last resort so that all First crop harvest but shrimp in Nursery pond were infected and with veterinary supervision of all infected ponds were then killed. The results showed that shrimp farming can be done in two periods in year with a predetermined .In this study the only factor that could have adverse effects on the project was Feed supply problems during the growing period and the consequences that it caused low average body weight and final harvested Shrimp resulted to delay in daily growth