Modeling for Operating Expenses and Time Consumption of High-Speed Railway (HSR)

Transportation plays a significant role in each country’s economy and it is critically important to ensure its dynamic harmonious development. Operating expenses and time consumption are important indicators for planning vertical profile of high-speed railway line. The paper presents two models: i) first estimates the effect of stations spacing on operating expenses, and ii) second measures the effect of maximum gradient on time consumption. In this regard, six standard vertical profiles of high-speed railway line have been studied. The results show that operating expenses model is a third-degree function of station spacing, whereas time consumption model is a quadratic function of maximum gradient. Furthermore, it is determined that station spacing has great impact on operating expenses and time consumption of HSR

Disporum nanchuanense (Colchicaceae), a new species from Chongqing, China

Disporum nanchuanense (Colchicaceae), a new species from Jinfo Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nanchuan District, Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to D. longistylum and D. megalanthum, but differs from the former in its stem branched type, tepals colour and size, stamens and pistil size; and it differs from the latter in inflorescence position, tepals shape, stamens position, pistil position and size. Meanwhile, the new taxon is assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2), according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Furthermore, an identification key to all Chinese species of Disporum is provided

Lysimachia coriacea (Primulaceae, Myrsinoideae), a new species from Chongqing, China

A new species, Lysimachia coriacea, from Chongqing, China, is described and illustrated. It is assigned to subgen. Lysimachia sect. Nummularia ser. Paridiformes and resembles L. paridiformis var. stenophylla, but is characterised by smaller leathery leaves with black glandular striations near the margin. It is also similar to L. nanpingensis in its two to three pairs of leaves sub-whorled at the stem apices, but differs by smaller leathery leaves and densely glandular stem, petiole and pedicel, and calyx lobes with sparse black glandular stripes

Experimental Study on the Interrelationship between the Moisture Content and Drying Shrinkage of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Wallboard

Autoclaved aerated concrete wallboard (AACW) has been widely used as a building envelope component in the infill walls of frame structures, which has broad prospects for development and utilization. However, the cracking of AACW has become a pressing problem, and this problem needs be solved or relieved effectively. We need an effective control method to reduce the cracking problem of AACW. It is necessary to study the interrelationship between the moisture content and the dry shrinkage of AACW. In this paper, a moisture content test and a drying shrinkage test of AACW were conducted, to understand the effect of the moisture content on the drying shrinkage performance of AACW. In addition, the moisture content of AACW with time was explored, and changes in the dry shrinkage value of AACW with the moisture content of AACW were obtained. According to the results and the conditions and the hypothesis of the test, the drying shrinkage value of AACW increases with time, and the drying shrinkage speed was fast in the early stage and tended to be stable in the later stage. In AACW, the drying shrinkage value and the relative humidity have a notable negative correlation. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the drying shrinkage value and the initial moisture content and the ambient temperature. When the AACW lost water from its initial moisture content to the equilibrium moisture content, the accumulated dry shrinkage value of AACW increased with the water loss. Moreover, a time-varying model of the moisture content and a prediction model of the equilibrium moisture content of AACW were established, and time-varying models of the drying shrinkage value of AACW with different initial moisture contents were proposed. The results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable maintenance and profitable control of drying shrinkage cracking of AACW

DCENet-based low-light image enhancement improved by spiking encoding and convLSTM

The direct utilization of low-light images hinders downstream visual tasks. Traditional low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods, such as Retinex-based networks, require image pairs. A spiking-coding methodology called intensity-to-latency has been used to gradually acquire the structural characteristics of an image. convLSTM has been used to connect the features. This study introduces a simplified DCENet to achieve unsupervised LLIE as well as the spiking coding mode of a spiking neural network. It also applies the comprehensive coding features of convLSTM to improve the subjective and objective effects of LLIE. In the ablation experiment for the proposed structure, the convLSTM structure was replaced by a convolutional neural network, and the classical CBAM attention was introduced for comparison. Five objective evaluation metrics were compared with nine LLIE methods that currently exhibit strong comprehensive performance, with PSNR, SSIM, MSE, UQI, and VIFP exceeding the second place at 4.4% (0.8%), 3.9% (17.2%), 0% (15%), 0.1% (0.2%), and 4.3% (0.9%) on the LOL and SCIE datasets. Further experiments of the user study in five non-reference datasets were conducted to subjectively evaluate the effects depicted in the images. These experiments verified the remarkable performance of the proposed method

Gelidocalamus albozonatus (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from the southeast of Chongqing, China, and analysis of the morphological diversity in the core group of Gelidocalamus

Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus, collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight “gelido-” members of Gelidocalamus. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal characters were observed in comparison with those of another three Gelidocalamus representatives. Our results show that the new taxon has the typical characteristics of the genus Gelidocalamus, both macromorphologically and micromorphologically. Moreover, it was most similar to G. tessellatus, but differed by a ring of white tomenta below per node, culm sheath base with densely purple verrucous setae and foliage leaf blades mesophyll

The Interannual Relationship between the Diabatic Heating over the South Asia and the Snow Depth over the Southern Tibetan Plateau in Late Spring to Early Summer: Roles of the Air Temperature

The southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is snow covered during cold season but exhibits faster snow melting in early summer. Using in situ observations and improved satellite-derived data, the present study indicates that the snow depth (SD) over the southern TP exhibits distinction characteristics between late spring (i.e., P1: April 16th–May 15th) and early summer (i.e., P2: May 16th–June 14th). In terms of climate states, the snow melting rate over the southern TP in P2 is faster than that in P1. The acceleration of snow melting during P2 is mainly found over high elevation areas caused by the increase of local air temperature. Diagnoses of the thermodynamic equation further demonstrate that the warming over the southern TP during the two periods is mainly attributed to the meridional temperature advection and diabatic heating in situ. On the interannual time scale, the SD over the southern TP is closely related to diabatic heating over South Asia. During P1, the diabatic cooling from the southern Bay of Bengal eastward to the western South China Sea suppresses convection over the Bay of Bengal and southern TP and has resulted in an upper-level anomalous cyclone and cold temperature anomalies from the surface to 200 hPa over the southern TP, favoring the above-normal SD over the southern TP. On the other hand, SD over the southern TP in P2 is closely related to diabatic cooling over the northern Indochina Peninsula and diabatic heating over the southern China. But we could not prove that these diabatic heating anomalies can affect the SD over the southern TP by modulating local surface air temperature. This may be limited by the quality of the data and the simulation capability of the simple model