Az optikai lumineszcens kormeghatározás pontosságának növelése futóhomok-területekről származó minták esetében = Increasing the accuracy of optical dating on fixed sand dune areas

Kutatásaink során hazánk legnagyobb félig kötött futóhomok-területeinek holocén eolikus fejlődését vizsgáltuk 11 mintaterületen gyűjtött mintegy 100 db minta lumineszcens kormeghatározásával. Kimutattuk, hogy a klimatikusan vezérelt preboreális eolikus tevékenységen túl lokálisan –részben emberi hatásra– szinte bármelyik holocén fázisban megindulhatott a homok. Kirajzolódtak azok az időszakok is, amikor térben és időben is gyakoribbak lehettek az eolikus események. Így a Nyírségben és Belső-Somogyban az atlantikus fázisban találtunk bizonyítékokat a homokmozgásra, ami a neolitikum emberének égetéses talajváltó gazdálkodására vezethető vissza. A Duna-Tisza közén ellenben később, a szubboreális fázisban azonosítható jelentősebb eolikus tevékenység, ami főként a bronzkori nagyállat-tartásnak és legeltetésnek tudható be. Szinte minden mintaterületen markánsan jelentkeztek a népvándorlás és honfoglalás kori homokmozgások üledékei, ami az előzőeknél nagyobb –akár regionális kiterjedésű– a szárazabb klíma és a legeltetéses területhasználat által együttesen vezérelt eolikus tevékenységet feltételez. Végül rámutattunk, hogy a 18.-19. századi homokverések során a Duna-Tisza köze központi területein jelentős méretű, 5-8 m magas garmadák alakultak ki néhány évtized leforgása alatt. Kutatásaink további hozadéka, hogy a módszert fluviális üledékeken is teszteltük, valamint megteremtettük Magyarországon a lumineszcens kormeghatározás régészeti-archeometriai alkalmazásának feltételeit. | We investigated Holocene aeolian activity on the largest stabilised sand dune areas of Hungary by dating almost 100 sand samples from 11 study sites. It has been shown that following Preboreal climate driven events local deflation could occur practically at any time during the Holocene as a consequence of human disturbance. We have identified however those periods when these local events were more frequent both in temporal and spatial terms. Thus, both the Nyírség and the Somogy Alluvial Fan provided evidence for Atlantic Phase blown sand formation, which can probably be traced back to the slash and burn agricultural practice of Neolithic people. On the Danube-Tisza Interfluve nevertheless, these evidence were missing and Subboreal events were identified, referring to significant Bronze Age disturbance by the extensive grazing of livestock. Migration Period blown sand deposits were found in great abundance nearly at all sites, suggesting a more general –sometimes regional– aeolian activity, which was driven thus both by climate and contemporary agricultural practice. Finally we determined the intensity of aeolian accumulation in the 18-19th c. and found that 5-8 m high dunes could develop in a matter of a few years on the central parts of the Danube-Tisza Interfluve. Additional achievements during the research period were the investigation of fluvial sediments and the establishment of the basis of archaeological-archaeometrical application of luminescence dating in Hungary

Changes of cross-sectional morphology and channel capacity during an extreme flood event, lower Tisza and Maros rivers, Hungary

When examining the characteristics of individual floods Hungarian researchers primarily investigate hydrological and hydraulic processes, whilst the relation between flood events and morphological changes of the river-bed are widely ignored. The present research quantifies the morphological changes of two cross-sections of the lowland reaches of the River Tisza and its tributary, the River Maros, during a high magni-tude flood which occurred in spring 2000. During the flood several key morphological cross-section variables (mean depth, channel bed eleva-tion, maximum depth, cross-sectional area and channel capacity) were monitored. Relationships between these data and daily river stage height series of the flood and specific stream power were determined. Results suggest that the identified morphological changes highly affect the channel capacity of the two cross-sections during the flood event. The channel capacity changes (9-10%) were almost identical for both study sites. However, different morphological processes characterised the two cross-sections. We found that morphological parameters de-pend not only on the actual stream power, but the available amount of sediment for transport, the rate of stage and stream power change

An Enigmatic Funnel Find of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci Culture from Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő in Transdanubia, Hungary

A small section of an Early Bronze Age settlement made up of pits was uncovered at the prehistoric, multi-period site of Balatonőszöd-Temetői dűlő. In addition to ceramics of the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture, the finds from Pit 2563 included an enigmatic artefact of baked clay. Despite the fact that analogous archaeological finds and various archaeometric analyses have provided several clues for a conclusive determination of its function, comparable finds nonetheless suggest that it might in all probability be associated with dairying or metalworking