Community-Based Participatory Research to Improve Early Detection and Treatment of Hypertension in a Suburban Community in Thailand

Communities have a significant role in working with health personnel to detect new and previously diagnosed cases of high blood pressure during community BP screening programs. In Thailand there are many people with elevated BP who do not access care. The purpose of this Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) was to build a community partnership following the CBPR approach to develop a health program to improve early detection and treatment of hypertension. Three specific aims were: Aim 1. Using CBPR principles, describe the process of building a community partnership to develop a community health program to improve early detection and treatment of hypertension; Aim 2. Using CBPR principles, describe the process and activities with the community to agree on the problem and to develop a sustainable health program to improve early detection and treatment of hypertension; and Aim 3. Describe elements of a culturally appropriate health program including components and management of the program. The study was conducted from June 2014 to March 2015 in Kokkram sub district, Bangplama District, Suphanburi province, Thailand. Forty-one participants represented four stakeholders’ groups: 1) community representatives, 2) Chief Executives from health care organizations (CEOs), 3) health personnel, and 4) Municipal organizations. Participant observation and document review were the major data collection techniques. The data were summarized in Excel tables. Process analysis was used to find and document patterns, process and outcomes of the data in the ongoing CBPR research cycle. Results show that the study AIMS were met. Applying the process of building a community partnership (approaching; knowing and understanding; acquainting; supporting; and partnership working) in CBPR approach was successful to engage the community to agree on the problem and to develop a health program. Building the partnership will enable future efforts to implement and evaluate the Hypertension Control Program. The developed program is comprised of acceptable objectives, method and activities that account for strengthening capacities through community participation, education and training. Recommendation: Community health nurses working with other community health personnel can use community participation methods to develop and implement a program for hypertension control. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the program on screening and referral services, and on hypertension control

ผลกระทบของปริมาณซิลิกาอสัณฐานในดินขาวเผา ต่อกำลังอัดและปฏิกิริยาปอซโซลานของซีเมนต์เพสต์ผสม

The aim of this study is to determine the percent by weight of amorphous silica in metakaolin using X-ray diffraction method.This factor affects the compressive strength and degree of pozzolanic reaction. Kaolin was burned at different temperatures of 600 700 and 800 c. Burning periods were varied among 4 6 and 8 hr.Metakaolin and sand were ground to have their particle size close to that of Portland cement. They were then used as a direct replacementof Portland cement Type I at 20 percent by weight of binder. A water to binder ratio of 0.42 was used for all cement paste mixture. Results from X-ray diffraction show that the metakaolin burned at 600 ํc for 4 hr. had the most amorphous silica.The result show that the percent by weight of amorphous silica contents affects compressive strength and degree of pozzolanic reaction in blended cement past

Valorization of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) with high quartz content as pozzolanic material in portland cement mixtures

[EN] Portland cement (OPC) production is one of the most contaminating greenhouse gas producing activities. In order to reduce OPC consumption, several alternatives are being assessed, and the use of pozzolanic material is one of them. This paper presents study on the reactivity of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a residue from sugarcane industry, as a pozzolanic material. In order to evaluate SCBA reactivity, it was mixed in pastes with hydrated lime and OPC, which were microstructurally characterised. These studies showed that SCBA presents some pozzolanic characteristics. Studies on mortars in which OPC was replaced by SCBA in the range 10¿30% were also carried out. Replacement in the range 15¿20% yielded the best behaviour in terms of compressive strength. Finally, it can be concluded this ash could be valorised despite its relative low pozzolanic reactivity.[ES] Valorización de la ceniza de bagazo de azúcar (SCBA) con alto contenido de cuarzo como material puzolánico en mezclas de cemento Portland. La producción de cemento Portland (OPC) presenta una elevada emisión de CO2. Con el objeto de reducir el consumo de OPC, se están evaluando algunas alternativas, y el uso de materiales puzolánicos es una de ellas. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la reactividad de la ceniza de bagazo de caña de azúcar (SCBA) como material puzolánico, un residuo procedente de la industria de la caña de azúcar. Al objeto de evaluar la reactividad de SCBA, se realizaron pastas con cal hidratada y con OPC, las cuales fueron caracterizadas microestructuralmente. Estos estudios mostraron que SCBA presenta una cierta característica puzolánica. Se llevaron a cabo estudios en morteros en los que OPC se sustituyó por SCBA en el intervalo de 10-30%. La sustitución en el intervalo 15-20% produjo el mejor comportamiento en términos de resistencia a compresión. Finalmente, se puede concluir que esta ceniza puede ser valorizada a pesar de su baja reactividad puzolánica.The authors would like to thank the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte of Spain (Cooperacion Interuniversitaria Program with Brazil, Project PHB-2011-0016-PC), CAPES-Brazil (Project CAPES/DGU No. 266/12), CNPq (Project 401724/2013-1) and Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Pereira, A.; Moraes, J.; Bassan De Moraes, M.; Akasaki, J.; Tashima, M.; Soriano Martinez, L.; Monzó Balbuena, JM.... (2018). Valorization of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) with high quartz content as pozzolanic material in portland cement mixtures. Materiales de Construcción. 68(330):153-163. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2018.00617S153163683301. World cement production. CEMBUREAU – The European Cement Association Website; https://cembureau.eu/media/1503/2015activityreport_cembureau.pdf2. Guo, X.; Shi, H.; Dick, W.A. (2010) Compressive strength and microstructural characteristics of class C fly ash geopolymer. Cem. Concr. Compos. 32, 142–7.3. Mehta, P.K.; Monteiro, P.J.M. Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw- Hill, (2006).4. Mo, K.H.; Alengaram, U.J.; Jumaat, M.Z. (2016) Structural performance of reinforced geopolymer concrete members: A review, Constr. Build. Mater. 120, 251-264.5. Sharp, J.H.; Gartner, E.M.; Macphee, D.E. (2010) Novel cement system (sustainability). Session 2 of the Fred Glasser cement science symposium. Adv. Cem. Res. 22(4), 195–202.6. BS EN 197-1. Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. London: European Committee For Standardisation; (2011).7. Siddique, R.; Khan, M.I. Supplementary Cementing Materials. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer, (2011).8. Siddique, R. Waste Material and By-Products in Concrete. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer, (2008).9. Küçükyıldırım, E.; Uzal, B. (2014) Characteristics of calcined natural zeolites for use in high-performance pozzolan blended cements. Constr. Build. Mater. 73, 229–34.10. Tashima, M.M.; Soriano, L.; Monzó, J.; Borrachero, M.V.; Akasaki, J.L.; Payá, J. (2014) New method to assessthe pozzolanic reactivity of mineral admixtures by means pH and electrical conductivity measurementsin lime:pozzolan suspensions. Mater. Construc. 64 [316], e032.11. Wongkeo, W.; Thongsanitgarn, P.; Chaipanich, A. (2012) Compressive strength and drying shrinkage of fly ash-bottom ash-silica fume multi-blended cement mortars. Mater. Des. 36, 655-62.12. Lee, C.L.; Huang, R.; Lin, W.T.; Weng, T.L. (2012) Establishment of the durability indices for cement-based composite containing supplementary cementitious materials. Mater. Des. 37, 28-39.13. Sinsiri, T.; Kroenhong, W.; Jaturapitakkul, C.; Chindaprasirt, P. (2012) Assessing the effect of biomass ashes with different finenesses on the compressive strength of blended cement paste. Mater. Des. 42, 424-33.14. Pereira, C.L.; Savastano Jr., H.; Payá, J.; Santos, S.F.; Borrachero, M.V.; Monzó, J. (2013) Use of highly reactive rice husk ash in the production of cement matrix reinforced with green coconut fiber. Ind. Crop. Prod. 49, 88–96.15. Paiva, H.; Velosa, A.; Cachim, P.; Ferreira, V.M. (2016) Effect of pozzolans with diferent physical and chemical characteristics on concrete properties. Mater. Construc. 66 [322], 1-12. 516. Hoi, L.W.S.; Martincigh, B.S. (2013) Sugar cane plant fibres: Separation and characterization. Ind. Crop. Prod. 47, 1–12.17. Hugot, E. Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering. 3rd ed. Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publishers, (1986).18. Sugarcane production. FAOSTAT – Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Statistics Division; http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC19. Sugarcane production. UNICA – União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar Website; http://www.unicadata.com. br/index.php?idioma=220. A Geração Termoelétrica com a Queima do Bagaço de Cana-de-Açúcar no Brasil. CONAB – Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento; http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/sustentabilidade/agroenergia/arquivos-termoeletrica-com-a-queima-do-bagaco-de-cana-de-acucar/termoeletrica-com-a-queima-do-bagaco-de-cana-de-acucar-no-brasil-safra-2009-2010.pdf21. Cortez, L.A.B.; Gómez, E.O. (1998) A method for exergy analysis of sugarcane bagasse boilers. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 15 [1].22. Souza, A.E.; Teixeira, S.R.; Santos, G.T.A.; Costa, F.B.; Longo, E. (2011) Reuse of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) to produce ceramic materials. J. Environ. Manage. 92, 2774–80.23. Hofsetz, K.; Silva, M.A. (2012) Brazilian sugarcane bagasse: Energy and non-energy consumption. Biomass Bioenerg 46, 564–573.24. Cordeiro, G.C.; Toledo Filho, R.D.; Tavares, L.M.; Fairbairn, E.M.R. (2009) Ultrafine grinding of sugar cane bagasse ash for application as pozzolanic admixture in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 39, 110–115.25. Frías, M.; Villar, E.; Savastano, H. (2011) Brazilian sugar cane bagasse ashes from the cogeneration industry as active pozzolans for cement manufacture. Cem. Concr. Compos. 33, 490–496.26. Fairbairn, E.M.R.; Americano, B.B.; Cordeiro, G.C.; Paula, T.P.; Toledo Filho, R.D.; Silvoso, M.M. (2010) Cement replacement by sugar cane bagasse ash: CO2 emissions reduction and potential for carbon credits. J. Environ. Manage. 91, 1864–1871.27. Cordeiro, G.C.; Toledo Filho, R.D.; Fairbairn, E.M.R. (2009) Effect of calcination temperature on the pozzolanic activity of sugar cane bagasse ash. Constr. Build. Mater. 23, 3301–3303.27. UNE-EN 196-5. Método de ensayo de cementos. Parte 5: Ensayo de puzolanicidad para los cementos puzolánicos. Madrid: Asociación Espa-ola de Normalización y Certificación – AENOR; (2011).29. NBR 7215. Cimento Portland – Determinação da resistência à compressão. Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas – ANBT; (1996).29. ASTM C-618. Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. Philadelphia: ASTM International; (2005).31. Allahverdi, A.; Shaverdi, B.; Kani, E. (2010) Influence of sodium oxide on properties of fresh and hardened paste of alkali-activated blast-furnace slag. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 8, 304–314.32. Yu, P.; Kirkpatrick, R.J.; Poe, B.; McMillan, P.F.; Cong, X. (1999) Structure of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H): Near-, mid-, and far-infrared spectroscopy. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82(3), 742–748.33. Moraes, J.C.B.; Akasaki, J.L.; Melges, J.L.P.; Monzó, J.; Borrachero, M.V.; Soriano, L.; Payá, J.; Tashima, M.M. (2015) Assessment of sugar cane straw ash (SCSA) as pozzolanic material in blended Portland cement: Microstructural characterisation of pastes and mechanical strength of mortars. Constr. Build. Mater. 94, 670–677.34. Murat, M. (1983) Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals: II. Influence of mineralogical properties of raw-kaolinite on the reactivity of metakaolinite. Cem. Concr. Res. 11, 511–518.35. Serry, M.A.; Taha, A.S.; El-Hemaly, S.A.S.; El-Didamony, H. (1984) Metakaolin-lime hydration products. Thermochim. Acta 79, 103–110.36. Lorca, P.; Calabuig, R.; Benlloch, J.; Soriano, L.; Payá, J. (2014) Microconcrete with partial replacement of Portland cement by fly ash and hydrated lime addition. Mater. Des. 64, 535–541

Influence of fly ash fineness on calcium hydroxide in blended cement paste

โครงการหนึ่งอาจารย์หนึ่งผลงาน ประจำปี 254

The study of leaching of heavy metals contaminant in cement pastes containing bagasse ashes

This research investigated the properties of solidified wastes using bagasse ash and ordinary Portland cement as binder. Bagasse ash were used to partially replace the ordinary Portland cement at the rate of 0%, 10 %, 20% and 30% by weight respectively. The plating sludge was used at the rate of 0, 10, 20 and 30% by weight of binder. A constant normal consistency was used for all of the mixtures. XRF and SEM were performed to investigate the chemical proportion and the particle shape of materials. Compressive strength of solidified wastes leachability of heavy metals was investigated by TCLP. Test results indicated that the compressive strength of all solidified wastes made with 10, 30 and 50 wt.% of plating sludge were dramatically decreased as compared to that without the waste. In addition, the compressive strength of blended cement pastes from 20 wt.% of bagasse ash replacement showed higher strength more than 10 wt.% and 30 wt.% of bagasse ash replacement while concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates after contacting with all cement-based solid wastes did not exceed the limit specified by US.EPA

Impacts of Sugarcane Farmland Expansion towards Food Security among Sugarcane-farming Households in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

This study aimed to examine the impacts of sugarcane farmland expansion towards food security among the sugarcane-farming households in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. A quantitative methodological approach was implemented in the study. The population of the study consisted of 3,332 sugarcane-farming households in Khon Kaen Province, who were associated with the Association of Sugarcane Farmers in the central-northeastern region during the production year of 2012/13. An interview schedule was implemented for data collection in order to collect data from the 357 sample households. Data was analyzed by the proportion of households who cultivated both sugarcane and rice. Four groups of sugarcane farming households were identified, including households where the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation was 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75. The research results indicated that the impact of expanding the cultivated area on the food security of farming households in Khon Kaen province could be seen at different levels, depending on the proportion of the area for cultivation of sugarcane to rice. The sugarcane-farming households with the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation of 25:75 had the highest food security and the sugarcane-farming households with the proportion between sugarcane and rice plantation of 100:0 had the lowest food security. The study results suggested that the relevant agencies should support adequate food production in order to meet consumption requirements within the households. Promoting agricultural areas and resource management in farmland are considered to be necessary to enhance the food security of sugarcane farmers

Green Roof Development in ASEAN Countries: The Challenges and Perspectives

Green roofs (GRs) have emerged as an essential component for the sustainability of buildings, as they reduce the need for cooling energy by limiting heat transmission into building space. The benefits of implementing GRs are appropriate in tropical regions with hot temperatures. The entire Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is located in a tropical climate and receives about 12 h of sunlight every day throughout the year, which offers excellent opportunities to install GRs. This research reviews the literature on GR knowledge in ASEAN countries over the past decade (2012–2022) and discusses two main points including (i) GR development level status and (ii) GR performance regarding drivers, motivations, and barriers. The review reveals that Singapore and Malaysia are two among ten countries with significant developments in GRs. Barriers to expertise, government regulations, and public awareness of green roofs represent the most challenging aspects of GR implementation in ASEAN countries. Although research regarding the use of green roofs has been conducted widely, ASEAN countries still need to investigate regulatory breakthroughs, incentives, and technology applications to encourage the use of GRs. The review recommends promoting the use of GRs, which have the potential to reduce energy consumption by up to fifty percent, outdoor surface temperature up to 23.8 °C, and room temperature to 14 °C. The use of GRs can also mitigate runoff issues by up to 98.8% to avoid the risk of flooding in ASEAN countries, which have high rainfall. In addition, this review sheds new insights on providing future potential research to improve GR development in the ASEAN region

High calcium fly ash geopolymer containing diatomite as additive

310-318This paper studies the influence of the addition of diatomite on the properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes. Diatomite is calcined at 800°C and used to partially replace fly ash at the rate of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% by weight of binder. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and curing at temperature of 60°C for 24 h are used to activate the geopolymerization. The NaOH concentration of 10 M and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio of 2.0 by weight are used for all mixes. The results revealed that the use of diatomite to replace part of fly ash delayed the setting time of fresh geopolymer paste and also resulted in the reduction of density of hardened paste which is highly desirable for lightweight structure member. However, the strength and modulus of elasticity of the paste are reduced. Another positive effect is the increase in the strain capacity of the paste. The increase in strain capacity is significant and reflects in the ability of the paste to withstand increased strain before cracking

Solidification of heavy metal sludge using cement, fly ash and silica fume

405-414In this paper, the properties of solidified waste using ordinary Portland cement (OPC) containing silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) as a binder are reported. Silica fume and fly ash are used to partially replace ordinary Portland cement by 10% and 30% by weight, respectively. Plating sludge is used of 40, 50 and 60% by weight of the binder. A water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.40 is used for all of the mixtures. The compressive strength of the solidified wastes is investigated. The leachability of heavy metals is determined by TCLP and XRD, and XRF is used to study the chemical properties, while the fractured surfaces are studied by SEM, and the pore size distribution is studied by MIP. The test results show that the setting time of the blended cement increased as the amount of plating sludge in the mix increased. In addition, the compressive strength of the blended cement increased with increasing curing duration time but at a decreasing rate. The compressive strengths at 28 days of the SF solidified waste mixes are 12.4, 2.7, 1.34 MPa and those of FA solidified waste mixes are 1.1, 1.0, 0.5 MPa at the plating sludge of 40, 50 and 60% by weight of the binder, respectively. The quality of the solidified waste containing SF and FA is better than that with OPC alone in terms of the effectiveness in reducing the leachability. The concentrations of heavy metals in the leachates are within the limits specified by the US EPA. </span