Entre Europa y Asia La expansión póntica en el Mar Negro

This paper analyzes the circumstances in which the Kingdom of Pontus developed his policy of expansion along the Black Sea coasts from the time of Pharnakes I. The complicated situation lived by Rome at the end of the second century B.C. would facilitate the action of Mithridates VI Eupator

Das Thermenareal am Westfuß des Zιmbιllι Tepe

Grabungsbericht zu den Forschungen im Thermenareal von Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonie

Histoire monétaire et financière du monde grec

Programme de l’année 2009-2010 : I. Numismatique grecque : actualités. — II. Recherches en cours

Maes Titianos i la Torre de Pedra (I) : una font grega sobre els orígens de la ruta de la seda

Aquest article és la primera part d'un comentari de Ptolemeu Geografia I 11, 7, i altres passatges que tracten de l'expedició enviada pel mercader macedoni Maes Titianos al «poble de la seda» (Sres). Està dedicat a l'anàlisi de l'evidència sobre: [1] el nom Maes, sens dubte provinent d'Àsia Menor; [2] el país d'origen de Maes, que, malgrat totes les hipòtesis anteriors (Síria, Egipte, Iran), no pot establir-se amb certesa; tanmateix, suggerim com a alternativa una connexió pòntica, tot i que amb reserves; i [3] la data de l'expedició, molt probablement entre la conquesta de les «Regions Occidentals» pel general xinès Ban Chao (91 dC) i la guerra parta de Trajà (113-17 dC). Una segona part tractarà de reconstruir el viatge dels agents de Maes des de Hieràpolis de Síria fins a Sera, principal ciutat dels sers, a través de la Torre de Pedra.This paper is the first part of a commentary on Ptolemy Geography I 11, 7, and related passages dealing with the expedition sent by the Macedonian merchant Maes Titianos to the «Silk People» (Sres). It is devoted to the analysis of the evidence on: [1] the name Maes, undoubtedly coming from Asia Minor; [2] Maes' country of origin, which, in spite of all previous hypotheses (Syria, Egypt, Iran), cannot be established with certainty; however, an alternative Pontic connexion is suggested, but not without reservations; and [3] the date of the expedition, most probably between the conquest of the «Western Regions» by the Chinese general Ban Chao (A.D. 91) and Trajan's Parthian war (A.D. 113-17). A second part will try to reconstruct the journey of Maes' agents from Hierapolis in Syria to Sra, the chief city of the Sres, through the Stone Tower

Das Thermenareal am Westfuß des Zιmbιllι Tepe

Grabungsbericht zu den Forschungen im Thermenareal von Pompeiopolis in Paphlagonie

Landscapes of Achaemenid Paphlagonia

This dissertation presents a critical study of the landscapes of Achaemenid-period Paphlagonia (c. 550-330 BCE), a mountainous region in northern central Turkey that extends from the verdant Black Sea coast to the sparser Anatolian plateau. In the classical literary sources and the imperial narratives of the Achaemenid Empire, the region of Paphlagonia has been characterized as a mountainous frontier, inhabited by migrants and ruled by gluttonous dynasts. Classically-informed historians writing about the Achaemenid period also speak of Paphlagonia as a bounded region, divided into several rival chiefdoms. Recent archaeological surveys and excavations in the region, however, present a different perspective: a complex and contested landscape politically and culturally related to the Black Sea and Anatolia, as well as the wider Aegean and Achaemenid worlds. A series of ubiquitous, columnar rockcut tombs spread across the Paphlagonian landscape function as significant monuments where such hybrid identities and political alignments are negotiated. The dissertation develops a post-colonial critique of the ancient and modern discourses that reimagine Paphlagonia and Paphlagonians as marginal, uncivilized, and tribal. It traces the genealogy of how the region of Paphlagonia within classical geography came about in the work of 19th and 20th century colonial antiquarians, geographers, and archaeologists; and demonstrates the modernist and nationalist underpinnings of their writings. Furthermore, the dissertation brings together data from recent archaeological surveys and excavations in the region to provide a fuller picture of the various landscapes of Paphlagonia, with special emphasis on the relationship of rockcut funerary monuments and settlement to copper mining, karst landscapes, and forest ecologies. Finally, the dissertation demonstrates a critical methodology of an archaeology of landscapes by deconstructing ancient and modern discourses about them and creating a new analytical framework, using a combination of archaeological survey, archival research, and critical perspectives

Les conséquences géopolitiques du traité d'Apamée en Asie Mineure

Thèse en cotutelle, doctorat en histoire : Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Université de Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France.Cette thèse considère les suites de la paix d’Apamée sur le plan des relations politiques entre les États d’Anatolie et sur l’évolution de la place tenue par cette péninsule dans l’ordre géopolitique méditerranéen. Le traité d’Apamée, conclu en 188 avant notre ère entre la puissance romaine et le royaume séleucide, fut un acte diplomatique majeur pour l’Asie Mineure et l’ensemble de la région anatolienne, libérés de la domination des Séleucides. Jusqu’ici, l’historiographie traditionnelle a abordé ce sujet selon deux perspectives, à savoir l’apparition de l’impérialisme romain en Orient et la vie politique et administrative des cités égéennes. À l’inverse, cette étude se concentre sur les principales puissances politiques de la région anatolienne : les royaumes. Dans le cadre de cet espace fragmenté et diversifié, des modifications de l’équilibre géopolitique régional peuvent être mises en relation avec le bouleversement de l’ordre méditerranéen, par le croisement de sources grecques, latines et orientales, ainsi qu’en faisant usage de procédés développés par le courant de la World History. L’évolution ultérieure de la situation mise en place à Apamée est étudiée jusqu’au point de disparition d’une Anatolie dirigée par des souverains non incorporés dans l’horizon impérial des grandes puissances étrangères, situation à laquelle les ultimes défaites de Mithridate VI du Pont et de Tigrane d’Arménie face à Rome mirent un terme définitif.The geopolitical aftermath of the treaty of Apamea in Asia Minor This thesis examines the effects of the peace of Apamea with regard to the political relations between the Anatolian states and analyses the importance that this region played in Mediterranean politics following this accord. The treaty of Apamea, concluded in 188 BC between Rome and the Seleucid kingdom, became a diplomatic milestone for Asia Minor and the entirety of Anatolia, then freed from Seleucid domination. The study of this subject has a long tradition in modern historiography, which consists of works focused on either the appearance of Roman imperialism in the East, or the political and administrative lives of the Greek cities. This study is specifically devoted to the central political powers of the Anatolian peninsula; that is to say, the independent kingdoms of Anatolia. The changes seen on the geopolitical balance of this fragmented region can be linked to the profound modifications on the scale of the whole Mediterranean. The sources considered include Greek, Latin and oriental documents and artefacts, as well as some “World History” theoretical approaches. The further evolution of the Apamean order can then be followed up until the disappearance of any powerful local power outside the foreign nations incorporated into imperial rule. The simultaneous defeats of Mithridates VI of Pontus and Tigranes of Armenia against Rome mark the end of this situation where independent kingdoms in this region pursued their own autonomous foreign policies

The Local Impact Of The Koinon In Roman Coastal Paphlagonia

This dissertation studies the effects that a “koinon” in the Roman period could have on its constituent communities. The study traces the formation process of the koinon in Roman coastal Paphlagonia, called “the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus,” and its ability to affect local customs and norms through an assortment of epigraphic, literary, numismatic and archaeological sources. The results of the study include new readings of inscriptions, new proposals on the interpretation of the epigraphic record, and assessments on how they inform and change our opinion regarding the history and the regional significance of the coastal Paphlagonian koinon. This study finds that the Koinon of the Cities in Pontus in coastal Paphlagonia was a dynamic organisation whose membership and activities defined by the eparchic administrative boundary of the Augustan settlement and the juridical definition of the Pontic identity in the eparchic sense. The necessary process that forced the periodic selection of municipal peers to attain koinon leadership status not only created a socially distinct category of “koinon” elite but also elevated the koinon to extraordinary status based on consensus in the eparchia. The koinon, in turn, became a respected organisation and even a potentially useful political instrument for dictating honors and social standing, which could both prolong or accelerate individual and familial prominence at the eparchic or provincial level. As such, the coastal Paphlagonian koinon was a vital political instrument, with socio-political significance beyond the expression of loyalty to the imperial idea. It was an elite commission that determined local hierarchies and local standards based on collective consensus. The legitimacy of this elite commission emanated from the need to worship the emperor, but its power to influence or even control the behavior of individuals and cities originated from the socio-economic standing of the participating elites. In short, the founding of the koinon would have led to a redirection of local resources to the funding of koinon affairs and would have created regionally recognised norms derived from some of the established standards and behaviors among its constituent communities, while altering others

L'usage de la clementia romaine durant les conflits mithridatiques (88-63 a.C.)

En 88 a. C., le roi du Pont Mithridate VI Eupator, en tant qu'instigateur des vêpres éphésiennes qui coûtèrent la vie à des milliers de Romains, déclencha un conflit avec Rome qui dura un quart de siècle. Au cours de ces guerres dites « mithridatiques », les armées républicaines remportèrent de nombreuses victoires au terme desquelles les généraux romains devaient traiter avec les vaincus et décider du sort qui leur serait réservé. Ce mémoire s'intéresse plus particulièrement à cette relation entre les vainqueurs et les vaincus en cherchant à déterminer si les généraux romains firent preuve de clementia envers les peuples battus. En plus des sources littéraires, un corpus, composé de six textes épigraphiques, est sollicité. Sylla, Lucullus et Pompée, les trois généraux romains qui dirigèrent les opérations contre les troupes de Mithridate, occupent une place primordiale dans cette étude en vertu des pouvoirs qu'ils possédaient sur leurs propres soldats et sur les ennemis vaincu