Development of Ellipsoidal Analysis and Filtering Methods for Nonlinear Control Stochastic Systems

The methods of the control stochastic systems (CStS) research based on the parametrization of the distributions permit to design practically simple software tools. These methods give the rapid increase of the number of equations for the moments, the semiinvariants, coefficients of the truncated orthogonal expansions of the state vector Y, and the maximal order of the moments involved. For structural parametrization of the probability (normalized and nonnormalized) densities, we shall apply the ellipsoidal densities. A normal distribution has an ellipsoidal structure. The distinctive characteristics of such distributions consist in the fact that their densities are the functions of positively determined quadratic form of the centered state vector. Ellipsoidal approximation method (EAM) cardinally reduces the number of parameters. For ellipsoidal linearization method (ELM), the number of equations coincides with normal approximation method (NAM). The development of EAM (ELM) for CStS analysis and CStS filtering are considered. Based on nonnormalized densities, new types of filters are designed. The theory of ellipsoidal Pugachev conditionally optimal control is presented. Basic applications are considered

Preparation and Study of Sulfonated Co-Polynaphthoyleneimide Proton-Exchange Membrane for a H2/Air Fuel Cell

The sulfonated polynaphthoyleneimide polymer (co-PNIS70/30) was prepared by copolymerization of 4,40 -diaminodiphenyl ether-2,20 -disulfonic acid (ODAS) and 4,4’-methylenebisanthranilic acid (MDAC) with ODAS/MDAC molar ratio 0.7/0.3. High molecular weight co-PNIS70/30 polymers were synthesized either in phenol or in DMSO by catalytic polyheterocyclization in the presence of benzoic acid and triethylamine. The titration reveals the ion-exchange capacity of the polymer equal to 2.13 meq/g. The membrane films were prepared by casting polymer solution. Conductivities of the polymer films were determined using both in- and through-plane geometries and reached ~96 and ~60 mS/cm, respectively. The anisotropy of the conductivity is ascribed to high hydration of the surface layer compared to the bulk. SFG NMR diffusometry shows that, in the temperature range from 213 to 353 K, the 1H self-diffusion coefficient of the co-PNIS70/30 membrane is about one third of the diffusion coefficient of Nafion® at the same humidity. However, temperature dependences of proton conductivities of Nafion® and of co-PNIS70/30 membranes are nearly identical. Membrane–electrode assemblies (MEAs) based on co-PNIS70/30 were fabricated by different procedures. The optimal MEAs with co-PNIS70/30 membranes are characterized by maximum output power of ~370 mW/cm² at 80 °C. It allows considering sulfonated co-PNIS70/30 polynaphthoyleneimides membrane attractive for practical applications

Genetic landscape in Russian patients with familial left ventricular noncompaction

BackgroundLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a disorder that can be complicated by heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study is to clarify the genetic landscape of LVNC in a large cohort of well-phenotyped Russian patients with LVNC, including 48 families (n=214).MethodsAll index patients underwent clinical examination and genetic analysis, as well as family members who agreed to participate in the clinical study and/or in the genetic testing. The genetic testing included next generation sequencing and genetic classification according to ACMG guidelines.ResultsA total of 55 alleles of 54 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 24 genes were identified, with the largest number in the MYH7 and TTN genes. A significant proportion of variants −8 of 54 (14.8%) −have not been described earlier in other populations and may be specific to LVNC patients in Russia. In LVNC patients, the presence of each subsequent variant is associated with increased odds of having more severe LVNC subtypes than isolated LVNC with preserved ejection fraction. The corresponding odds ratio is 2.77 (1.37 −7.37; p <0.001) per variant after adjustment for sex, age, and family.ConclusionOverall, the genetic analysis of LVNC patients, accompanied by cardiomyopathy-related family history analysis, resulted in a high diagnostic yield of 89.6%. These results suggest that genetic screening should be applied to the diagnosis and prognosis of LVNC patients

Structural transitions in Cu₂O at pressures up to 11 GPa

International audienceThe structural states of Cu2O at pressures between ambient and 11 GPa were re-investigated, using angle-dispersive diffraction, an area detector and synchrotron radiation. Thanks to the latter's naturally high collimation, a hitherto suspected transition from the parent cubic phase to a new tetragonal phase was experimentally confirmed at pressures between 0.7 and 2.2 GPa, depending on the hydrostaticity of the pressure medium used. The other transformation, into a pseudocubic phase, was detected at about 8.5 GPa. In the same pressure range, the application of pressure also resulted in a general and strong broadening of the diffraction peaks. This broadening is attributed to the presence of microscopic strains and a reduction in grain size down to the nanocrystalline scale