Electronic Conduction in Annealed Sulfur-Doped a-Si:H Films

In present work, the effect of annealing on dark and photo conductivity as well as the various causes of conduction mechanics in S doped amorphous hydrogenated silicon films (a-Si:H) is discussed. The variation of the dark conductivity as a function of temperature has been carried out on unannealed and annealed (annealed at an optimized temperature of 300 °C) thin film samples and the activation energy of dark conductivity of respective samples was also calculated at different temperatures. The Study concludes that at high temperatures, an activated type mechanism is responsible for conduction in the a-Si:H films

Study of Photoluminescence Behaviour of Porous Silicon Samples Prepared at 20 mA Current Density

The paper presents a study on a series of porous silicon films of various thicknesses, prepared at 20 mA current density using a photoluminescence fitting model to determine the average crystallite size of sphe-rical shaped interconnected silicon quantum dots. Discrepancy in photoluminescence behavior of the samples is well explained with this model. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3097

Politizace náboženských (hindutvských) ideologií podporujících extremismus a protimenšinové nálady

Despite modernization and globalization being at the forefront of the society, religion still seems to be dominant and evolving concept in response to the expanding international relations. This might be noticed with the global development of religious nationalism. Most religious nationalist parties are characterized with puritanical element that color their political platforms and ways of attaining power. Furthermore, in many nations, religious nationalists argue for economic austerity or severe anti-corruption measures via moral appeals and rhetoric. Lastly, religious politics often reveals a majoritarian nationalism that strives to redefine the society. India merits a more in-depth examination due to its democratic orientation and size. The intersection between religion and politics in India is problematic. The revival of the Bhartiya Janta Party (Henceforth BJP) brought religion back to the forefront of Indian politics. Introducing an alternative nationalism that is not secular in character but rather founded on the idea that Indian and Hindu cultures are the same. The thesis will argue by implementing the secularization thesis and its critical discourse as the theoretical concept and analyses the rise of Hindu nationalism throughout history. As well, explore its evolution from its birth to...Katedra bezpečnostních studiíDepartment of Security StudiesFakulta sociálních vědFaculty of Social Science

Politicization of Religious (Hindutva) Ideologies Fostering Extremism and Anti Minority Sentiments

Despite modernization and globalization being at the forefront of the society, religion still seems to be dominant and evolving concept in response to the expanding international relations. This might be noticed with the global development of religious nationalism. Most religious nationalist parties are characterized with puritanical element that color their political platforms and ways of attaining power. Furthermore, in many nations, religious nationalists argue for economic austerity or severe anti-corruption measures via moral appeals and rhetoric. Lastly, religious politics often reveals a majoritarian nationalism that strives to redefine the society. India merits a more in-depth examination due to its democratic orientation and size. The intersection between religion and politics in India is problematic. The revival of the Bhartiya Janta Party (Henceforth BJP) brought religion back to the forefront of Indian politics. Introducing an alternative nationalism that is not secular in character but rather founded on the idea that Indian and Hindu cultures are the same. The thesis will argue by implementing the secularization thesis and its critical discourse as the theoretical concept and analyses the rise of Hindu nationalism throughout history. As well, explore its evolution from its birth to..

Ion Acoustic Breathers in Electron-Beam Plasma

The nonlinear excitations of ion acoustic (IA) structures in an electron beam embedded plasma composed of Vasyliunas–Cairns (VC) distributed hot electrons has been studied. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) from the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation with suitable transformation has been derived from rational solutions of NLSE; breathers have been studied. It has been shown that the nonthermality and superthermality of the electrons, the electron beam density, and the beam velocity alter the characteristics of different kinds of breathers. This investigation may be important in interpreting the physics of nonlinear structures in the upper layer of magnetosphere

Conduction pathways in CNF/PTFE composite: Air oxidized CNFs coated with the incomplete layer of PTFE

In the present work, the conduction pathways by air oxidized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) (coated with Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) dispersed in PTFE polymer have been studied and explored with backbone and dangling ends model. The utility of critical exponents (t) explains the distribution status of CNFs and indicates the possibility of charge transport by ohmic conduction due to connected conducting channels of CNF and tunneling transmission between close CNFs. A 5 wt% sample exhibits a conductivity of 1.91 S/m. Moreover, a cost and material saving method of coating of decomposed PTFE on CNF; regardless of the coating thickness is discussed and studied in order to improve interfacial interaction and dispersion within the polymer without using sonication. Some interesting and informative evidence have also been revealed such as a decrease in d spacing of layer of CNF after heat treatment at similar to 800 degrees C in air and confirmation of Hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and Octafluoro-1-butene (OF1B) thermal products of PTFE on CNFs. The presence and coating of HFP and OF1B were confirmed by FTIR and TEM respectively

Study of growth of dot and column in porous silicon samples of various thicknesses prepared at a constant current density

Porous silicon is considered to be composed either of spherical shaped interconnected silicon quantum dots or combination of quantum clots and columns. This paper presents a study of a series of porous silicon films of various thicknesses, prepared at a 20 mA current density by the electrochemical etching technique. The photoluminescence spectra of the series samples were monitored. Further, we used a photoluminescence fitting model by Singh and John (John-Singh) in its extended form by Elhouichet to estimate the percentage of dots and columns; their average diameters and corresponding variances. The shape of experimental photoluminescence spectra fits well with John-Singh model. As a result, the analytical curves drawn using the fitting parameters showed the decrease in mean crystallite diameter of columns and dot while increase in variance of column and decrease in variance of dots. Hence, more homogenous dots are formed. Thus, it results in the formation of a more ordered nanocrystalline structure with more porosity. It verified the quantum assumptions. The discrepancy in the PL behavior of a sample is well explained by the model

Fabrication of conducting composite sheets using cost-effective graphite flakes and amorphous styrene acrylonitrile for enhanced thermistor, dielectric, and electromagnetic interference shielding properties

The fabrication of strong conducting composite sheets (CCSs) using a simple technique with cost-effective materials is desirable for capacitor, decoupling capacitor, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. Here, we used cost-effective graphite flakes (GFs) as a conducting filler and amorphous poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (PSAN) as an insulating polymer to fabricate a CCS via a simple mechanical mixing and hot compression molding process in 2.5 h, with the aim to save time and avoid the use of toxic reagents, which are generally used in chemical methods. In the present method, the GFs are connected in diffusively adhere polymer matrix, controlled by temperature and pressure that generate the conduction in the CCSs. The resulting PSAN/GF CCSs were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and hardness tests. The GFs penetrated the interfacial region of PSAN, thus improving the thermistor and dielectric properties (dielectric constant, AC conductivity, and dissipation factor) of the PSAN/GF CCSs. Furthermore, the PSAN/GF CCSs showed enhanced hardness and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) properties in the X-band frequency range (8.5–12.5 GHz). The percolation theory was implemented to DC and AC conductivity. To detect the transition of the dielectric properties, the dielectric constant of the CCSs was analyzed with increasing volume fraction of GFs in the radio frequency region. The improved dielectric constant, AC conductivity, and dissipation factor of the PSAN/GF CCS, indicated a significant improvement in their EMI shielding properties in the X-band frequency range, which were measured using the waveguide method. The ac conductivity of PSAN/GF CCS shows stable behavior in the higher frequency ranges. The EMISE of PSAN/GF CCS were found to increase with increasing GF content due to the absorbance mechanism. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.