Impact of Self-Help Group Formation on Social Indicators of Sustainability

Vegetable production has emerged as an important source of farm income from small farms in hilly states like Himachal Pradesh in India. Various researchers have studied agricultural sustainability taking into consideration three dimensions i.e. economic, environmental and social. Keeping in view the importance of the social sustainability which measures extent of social capability of farming system, present study was conducted in Himachal Pradesh to find out the ways to strengthen farm sustainability. Farm sustainability of self-help group member farmers and non-member farmers was studied and compared. Study revealed that the social sustainability of vegetable growers who were members of self-help groups was significantly higher when compared to non-member farmers

Interaction effect of nitrogen and vermicompost in the presence of herbicide (Clodinafop propargyl) on nitrogen transformation in a sandy soil

A laboratory experiment with three levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 mg kg-1), two levels of vermicompost (0 and 1 % on dry wt. basis) and two levels of herbicide (0 and 60 g a.i. ha-1) was conducted with sandy soil of Hisar to study the interaction of nitrogen and vermicompost in the presence of herbicide (clodinafop propargyl) on nitrogen transformation during 2014. NH4+-N contents increased upto the 14th day in soil and then declined up to 56th day under control. NO3--N content in soil increased significantly throughout the incubation study under control. With con-junctive use of nitrogen along with vermicompost, NH4+-N contents increased significantly in the soil upto 14th day of incubation with an increase from 44.49 to 73.22 mg kg-1 and 64.00 to 102.87 mg kg-1, whereas NO3--N content in soil significantly increased throughout the incubation study over control and the increase was from 13.68 to 101.36 mg kg-1 and 23.19 to 115.48 mg kg-1. However, NH4+-N and NO3--N decreased significantly at all incubation periods with the application of herbicide alone and in presence of nitrogen as well as vermicompost. The study revealed that judi-cious use of N, leads to more availability of N to crop and prevents the environmental pollution. Higher levels of N application may increase the risk of ground water pollution due to more availability of NO3- ion which can be sub-jected to leaching losses. Vermicompost proved to be the important source of nutrients as it has narrow C:N ratio and decompose more quickly than other organic manures such as FYM etc. Among commonly used herbicides, clodinafop propargyl is most commonly used herbicide and may have negative impact on the microbial population and thus may hinder the transformation processes particularly in sandy soils which have low organic matter content and thereby affecting the availability of nutrients to crop and play decisive role in crop yields

Linear Stability of Equilibrium Points in the Generalized Photogravitational Chermnykh's Problem

The equilibrium points and their linear stability has been discussed in the generalized photogravitational Chermnykh's problem. The bigger primary is being considered as a source of radiation and small primary as an oblate spheroid. The effect of radiation pressure has been discussed numerically. The collinear points are linearly unstable and triangular points are stable in the sense of Lyapunov stability provided $\mu< \mu_{Routh}=0.0385201$. The effect of gravitational potential from the belt is also examined. The mathematical properties of this system are different from the classical restricted three body problem

Histopathological alterations in brains of rabies infected buffaloes and cattle

The quantitative study of histopathological alterations in the nervous tissues of 47 rabid buffaloes and 23 rabid cattle, it was found that there were certain similarities and significant differences in the histopathological alterations in various nervous tissues of these two species - that were often over looked. Whereas there was significant detection of Negri bodies in cerebellum both in cattle (91.3%) as well as in buffaloes (85.1%), however, in case of cerebrum, significant presence of Negri bodies was found only in buffaloes (65.95%) than in cattle (13.0%). Thus, in case of non-availability of cerebellum, Negri body detection could be attempted only in buffalo while it would not be reliable approach in cattle. However, reactive inflammatory response was more consistently present in brainstem than in cerebrum and cerebellum of rabid buffaloes and cattle. Similarly, malacia was more consistent finding in buffaloes (51.6%) than in cattle (26.08%)

Trajectory and stability of Lagrangian point L2L_2 in the Sun-Earth system

This paper describes design of the trajectory and analysis of the stability of collinear point $L_2$ in the Sun-Earth system. The modified restricted three body problem with additional gravitational potential from the belt is used as the model for the Sun-Earth system. The effect of radiation pressure of the Sun and oblate shape of the Earth are considered. The point $L_2$ is asymptotically stable upto a specific value of time $t$ correspond to each set of values of parameters and initial conditions. The results obtained from this study would be applicable to locate a satellite, a telescope or a space station around the point $L_2$.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

A Novel Strategy for Remediation of Heavy Metal Removal and Oil/Water Separation from Carbon-Based Nanohybrid

Increasing the world population results in the consequent consumption of primary resources, which produces high amounts of waste. The increasing amount of waste has negatively impacted the environment and ecosystem. The growing population demands a high amount of food resources, which increases anthropogenic activities. So, Environmental pollution has become a severe problem due to this anthropogenic activity affecting our planet. This problem cannot be neglected and has become the most challenging task of the 21st century. Researchers are putting effort into developing new nanohybrid, which should be environmentally friendly, with greener methods of synthesis to overcome and remediate the environment from pollutants. Scientists are trying to move towards nanotechnologies and nanomaterials to resolve the upcoming challenges related to environmental pollutants. This article describes heavy metal pollutants, recovery of oil from wastewater, etc. This article will also focus on the carbon-based nanohybrid, which can be used for the environmental recovery strategies of polluted areas. In particular, this article will give more attention towards the recent method developed and method to capturing heavy metal using silver fabricated reduced graphene oxide nanohybrid for the application of heavy metal capture and separation of oil water

Superconductivity in CoO2_2 Layers and the Resonating Valence Bond Mean Field Theory of the Triangular Lattice t-J model

Motivated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in two dimensional CoO$_2$ layers, we present some possibly useful results of the RVB mean field theory applied to the triangular lattice. Away from half filling, the order parameter is found to be complex, and yields a fully gapped quasiparticle spectrum. The sign of the hopping plays a crucial role in the analysis, and we find that superconductivity is as fragile for one sign as it is robust for the other. Na$_x$CoO$_2\cdot y$H$_2$O is argued to belong to the robust case, by comparing the LDA Fermi surface with an effective tight binding model. The high frequency Hall constant in this system is potentially interesting, since it is pointed out to increase linearly with temperature without saturation for T $>$ T$_{degeneracy}$.Comment: Published in Physical Review B, total 1 tex + 9 eps files. Erratum added as separate tex file on November 7, 2003, a numerical factor corrected in the erratum on Dec 3, 200

Generalized Gravi-Electromagnetism

A self consistant and manifestly covariant theory for the dynamics of four charges (masses) (namely electric, magnetic, gravitational, Heavisidian) has been developed in simple, compact and consistent manner. Starting with an invariant Lagrangian density and its quaternionic representation, we have obtained the consistent field equation for the dynamics of four charges. It has been shown that the present reformulation reproduces the dynamics of individual charges (masses) in the absence of other charge (masses) as well as the generalized theory of dyons (gravito - dyons) in the absence gravito - dyons (dyons). key words: dyons, gravito - dyons, quaternion PACS NO: 14.80H