Matlab based Simulink Modelling and Performance Analysis of Free Space Optical Communication System: A Review

Free Space Optical communication is extended and compatible technique with the radio frequency technology. FSO provides BW spectrum that is in terahertz besides this speed of the data transfer is very fabulous. Due to these advantages FSO is becoming very popular communication technology for satisfying the growing demand of bandwidth traffic mainly for the long-distance communication. FSΟ communication has achieve important attention between various researchers for more BW and to transmit data securely in various domains. There must be integrated environment for FSΟ system which have robust mechanism to overcome signal loss under turbulence condition varies from medium to strong. During data transmission BER must be minimized otherwise significant information may be lost. There are various mechanism to control BER against various parameters like path loss factor, distance and atmospheric condition. After investigation various research paper, a robus

Ascertaining Users’ Attitude towards Information Technology Application: a comparative study of Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla and Punjabi University, Patiala

The present study was carried out to ascertain the attitude of library users towards information technology applications in two university libraries, viz. Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla and Punjabi University, Patiala. Survey method of research was used based on random sampling. 391 responses were collected from three user categories, i.e., PG Students, Research Scholars and Faculty Members in the faculties of Social Sciences and Sciences. Five departments from each faculty were taken further to attain more insight into users\u27 attitude. The simple percentage, Chi-square test, and Mann Whitney U test were used to analyze the data collected through a structured questionnaire. The study reveals that despite having constraints of in-house training facilities and minimal involvement of end-users in the decision-making of IT incorporation, there is positive attitude among the users. In conclusion, the study offers a few suggestions for the success of future IT initiatives

Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Heart Disease Prediction using Different Algorithms: A Review

Now a days the heart diseases are growing very rapidly making it an important and apprehensive task of prediction of these kinds of diseases in advance. The diagnosis is also a tough chore because it has to be performed in a precise and efficient manner. The emerging technology in modern life style integrated with internet of thing which having sensors and huge amount of data is sent to various clouds for further investigation using different algorithms to fetch out precise information for various domains. Across the world approximately 3 quintillion bytes/day information generated and this data stored for further examination. As data is in huge quantity therefore, appropriate methods applied to examine the perfect analysis so that prediction can be carried out optimally. Clinical decision making is dominant to all patient care happenings which includes choosing a deed, between replacements. These days emerging field like Machine Learning play prime role in healthcare to analyze and predict the diseases. After investigating numerous research article on Machine Learning, it was found that for same data set accuracy was different for various algorithms. In our research work different machine learning techniques will be implemented and will be tested for various parameters like accuracy, precision, recall on validated dataset. ML and Neural Networks are more capable in supporting deciding and predicting from the enormous data formed by health care systems

Immunogenicity of a single dose mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 exposed subjects: A systematic review

Background: The novel coronavirus is quickly spreading and mutating, putting the public health and lifestyle in shambles. The development and approval of mRNA vaccines came up as a breakthrough. The breadth of immune response after a single-dose vaccination in the already infected population is discovered for understanding the hybrid immunity and side effects associated with second dose. Administering a single-dose vaccine to the seropositive population can spare the doses for the population at higher risk. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, medRxiv and Cochrane library were explored to extract the original data on the efficacy of single-dose mRNA vaccines in seropositive subjects. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies. Results: 6 studies evaluating the immunogenicity of single-dose mRNA vaccine were incorporated along with some observational studies and literature. These studies present promising evidence for administering only single-dose mRNA vaccine in seropositive subjects, providing biphasic immune response of higher breadth and duration. Limitations: Most studies had a small sample size, did not correlate the results with higher age groups, with potential risk factors and the percentage of individuals who contracted breakthrough infections. Conclusions: Single-dose mRNA vaccine can be immunogenic and protective enough for already seropositive population by increasing the number of Spike protein-specific memory B-cells. Vaccination schedules based on existing anti-body titers in such individuals can spare doses for vulnerable groups, especially when there is limited production and supply of vaccines worldwide

Immunogenicity of a single dose mRNA vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 exposed subjects: A systematic review

Background: The novel coronavirus is quickly spreading and mutating, putting the public health and lifestyle in shambles. The development and approval of mRNA vaccines came up as a breakthrough. The breadth of immune response after a single-dose vaccination in the already infected population is discovered for understanding the hybrid immunity and side effects associated with second dose. Administering a single-dose vaccine to the seropositive population can spare the doses for the population at higher risk. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, medRxiv and Cochrane library were explored to extract the original data on the efficacy of single-dose mRNA vaccines in seropositive subjects. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the studies. Results: 6 studies evaluating the immunogenicity of single-dose mRNA vaccine were incorporated along with some observational studies and literature. These studies present promising evidence for administering only single-dose mRNA vaccine in seropositive subjects, providing biphasic immune response of higher breadth and duration. Limitations: Most studies had a small sample size, did not correlate the results with higher age groups, with potential risk factors and the percentage of individuals who contracted breakthrough infections. Conclusions: Single-dose mRNA vaccine can be immunogenic and protective enough for already seropositive population by increasing the number of Spike protein-specific memory B-cells. Vaccination schedules based on existing anti-body titers in such individuals can spare doses for vulnerable groups, especially when there is limited production and supply of vaccines worldwide

Efficacy of traditional products on the biochemical aspects of stored mungbean infested with Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)

The effect of traditional products viz. turmeric powder, turmeric grits, garlic powder along with standard check (7 cm layer of sand on the top of stored seed) was evaluated on the biochemical aspects of stored mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)] infested with Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius). Treatments with garlic powder at 1.5 % concentration recorded significantly less egg laying (2.00), less larval penetration (5.00%), less adult emergence (1.02%) as compared to other treatments. Alcoholic acidity increased significantly from 0.51 to 0.59, 0.46 to 0.55 and 0.38 to 0.49 % by turmeric powder at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 % concentration, respectively, as compared to control samples. Garlic powder was found to be most effective in checking uric acid at concentration of 1.5 % during four months of storage, followed by turmeric powder @ 2.0 % and turmeric grits @ 1.0 %. Order of effectiveness of used traditional products was garlic powder> turmeric powder>turmeric grits

Neurocomputational Models for Parameter Estimation of Circular Microstrip Patch Antennas

AbstractNeurocomputational models eliminates the complex, lengthy and time consuming mathematical procedures for design, analysis and calculating performance parameters of Microstrip antenna. No single ANN based model has been proposed till date for calculating all parameters of circular microstrip antennas simultaneously. This paper presents a Neuro-Computational (NC) approach for estimation of all performance parameters such as Return Loss (RL), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), resonant frequency (fr), Band-Width (BW), Gain(G), Directivity(D) and antenna efficiency(η) of Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CMPA) simultaneously. The difficulty in calculating the parameters of these antennas lies due to the involvement of a large number of physical parameters including their associated optimal values. It is indeed very difficult to formulate an exact numerical solution merely on practical observations based empirical studies. In order to circumvent this problem, an alternative solution is achieved using artificial neural network (ANN). Feed-Forward Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network (FFBP-ANN) trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used for estimation of different performance parameters of CMPA. The results of NC estimation are in very agreement with simulated, measured and theoretical results

Macrophages and CD4 T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis and their modulation by JAK inhibitors

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis that causes significant morbidity and mortality and has no cure. Although early treatment strategies and biologic therapies such as TNFα blocking antibodies have revolutionised treatment, there still remains considerable unmet need. JAK kinase inhibitors, which target multiple inflammatory cytokines, have shown efficacy in treating RA although their exact mechanism of action remains to be determined. Stratified medicine promises to deliver the right drug to the right patient at the right time by using predictive ‘omic biomarkers discovered using bioinformatic and “Big Data” techniques. Therefore, knowledge across the realms of clinical rheumatology, applied immunology, bioinformatics and data science is required to realise this goal. Aim: To use bioinformatic tools to analyse the transcriptome of CD14 macrophages derived from patients with inflammatory arthritis and define a JAK/STAT signature. Thereafter to investigate the role of JAK inhibition on inflammatory cytokine production in a macrophage cell contact activation assay. Finally, to investigate JAK inhibition, following RA synovial fluid stimulation of monocytes. Methods and Results: Using bioinformatic software such as limma from the Bioconductor repository, I determined that there was a JAK/STAT signature in synovial CD14 macrophages from patients with RA and this differed from psoriatic arthritis samples. JAK inhibition using a JAK1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib reduced TNFα production when macrophages were cell contact activated by cytokine stimulated CD4 T-cells. Other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and chemokines such as IP-10 were also reduced. RA synovial fluid failed to stimulate monocytes to phosphorylate STAT1, 3 or 6 but CD4 T-cells activated STAT3 with this stimulus. RNA sequencing of synovial fluid stimulated CD4 T-cells showed an upregulation of SOCS3, BCL6 and SBNO2, a gene associated with RA but with unknown function and tofacitinib reversed this. Conclusion: These studies demonstrate that tofacitinib is effective at reducing inflammatory mediator production in a macrophage cell contact assay and also affects soluble factor mediated stimulation of CD4 T-cells. This suggests that the effectiveness of JAK inhibition is due to inhibition of multiple cytokine pathways such as IL-6, IL-15 and interferon. RNA sequencing is a useful tool to identify non-coding RNA transcripts that are associated with synovial fluid stimulation and JAK inhibition but these require further validation. SBNO2, a gene that is associated with RA, may be biomarker of tofacitinib treatment but requires further investigation and validation in wider disease cohorts

UV Spectrum of 1,3-Dithiolan-2-one in Cyclohexane

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