Fractionally Spaced Adaptive Equalizer: A Review

No Abstrac

Transient behaviour of induction motors in island conditions due to interruptions in the ship’s electrical power supply

The focus present dissertation was a problem that occurs in industrial installations and ships. The said installations experience overvoltage in case of power cut. This problem is a result of installing capacitive compensation parallel to motors. This dissertation studied this problem with two different electric motors widely used in big installations. The motors were tested in laboratory in different operational conditions; with different connections (D and WYE), with different loads and without load and with and without capacitive compensation. The capacitor bank, source of capacitive compensation, was also connected in D and WYE during the tests. The overvoltage was observed with capacitive compensation only when the capacitor bank was connected in D and the motors were connected in WYE. The mechanical load on the shaft has determined the peak value of the transient voltage and the duration of the waveform. The laboratory testing circuits, in which the overvoltage was observed, were recreated in Matlab to validate the results obtained in real-world. The simulation results were very similar to their real-world counterparts in 3 of the 4 cases. In conclusion, the overvoltage has manifested when the voltage received by the capacitor bank was superior than the motor’s. The load has also played an important role in determining the peak value of transient of waveform

Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different planting patterns and nitrogen levels

The field experiment was conducted on the research farm of Department of Agronomy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab) on, “Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different planting patterns and nitrogen levels”. The field study was conducted in Split Plot Design with three planting patterns viz. 2 rows/bed, cross sowing, flat sowing in main plots and five nitrogen levels viz. 0 kg/ha, 40 kg/ha, 80 kg/ha, 120 kg/ha, 160 kg/ha in sub plots. The result revealed that significantly higher grain yield was obtained from two rows/bed (43.86 q/ha) followed by cross sowing (42.48 q/ha) and flat sowing (40.77 q/ha). Also bed sowing increased grain yield of wheat by 4.2 and 7.6 % than cross and flat sowing respectively. Also cross sowing method recorded significantly more grain yield than line sowing method. Grain yield was significantly higher with use of 160 kg N/ha (54.95 q/ha) as compared to all other nitrogen levels. There was subsequent and significant increase in grain yield of wheat with successive increase in nitrogen level from 0 to 160 kg/ha. Grain yield of 0 kg N/ha was significantly less than all other nitrogen levels. There was 100.4, 92.7, 60.0 and 19.6 percent increased in grain yield of wheat with the application of 160 Kg, 120 Kg, 80 kg and 40 kg N respectively as compared to 0 kg N/ha (control)

APPLICATION OF QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE FILM FORMULATION

Objective: The present study was done to understand the effect of formulation variables on the quality of orodispersible films using quality by design (QbD) approach as mentioned in ICH Q8 (R2) guideline.Methods: A definitive screening design of experiments (DoE) was used to identify and classify the critical formulation variables affecting critical quality attributes (CQA) using 2×2 factorial design. Based on prescreening study, the critical formulation variables, i.e. concentration of film-forming polymer and plasticizers (propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 [PEG 400]) were kept in the range of 1.5–2.5% w/w and 0.5–1% v/v, respectively. A total of eight laboratory-scale formulations were prepared which were provided by DoE using solvent casting method. These batches were evaluated for CQA's, i.e. mechanical properties such as folding endurance (FD) and disintegration time (DT). Data were analyzed for elucidating interactions between two variables and for providing a predictive model for the process. Finally, the drug was incorporated into optimized batches, and these were evaluated for in vitro dissolution study in simulated saliva (pH 6.8) as well as their mechanical properties.Results: The results suggested that the concentration of film-forming polymer and plasticizer was critical to manufacture orodispersible film with desired CQA, i.e. mechanical property (FD [>150 folds]) and DT (<60 s). The percent drug release, FD, and DT of optimized Formulation I (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [HPMC] E5 (2%) and propylene glycol [0.15 mL]) were found to be 82.13%±0.260 (in 15 min), 164±2, and 49±1.5 s, respectively, and for optimized Formulation II (HPMC E5 [2%] and PEG 400 [0.15 mL]) was found to be 64.26%±2.026 (in 15 min) and 218±6 and 55±4 s, respectively.Conclusion: From the results, it has been found that the percentage drug release of naratriptan hydrochloride containing propylene glycol as a plasticizer was greater than the formulation containing PEG 400 as plasticizer. From this, we concluded that QbD is very much useful approach to get an optimized formulation in an economic and faster way in comparison to traditional method (hit and trail methods). The futuristic application of the film will involve the management of an acute migraine

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NIOSOMES CONTAINING PUNICALAGIN FROM PEELS OF PUNICA GRANATUM

ABSTRACT Plant based formulations have been used since ancient times and playing a role as a remedial against various human and animal diseases. The interest in traditional medicines has increased in various parts of world. A well known ancient fruit named as Punica granatum (family- Punicaceae) which is commonly known as Pomegranate, Anar or Dalim in North India whose therapeutic qualities have rebounded and echoed throughout the millennia and regarded as an agent of resurrection for Babylonians; symbol of invincibility on the battle fields for the Persians, while for the ancient Chinese, symbolized for longevity and immortality. Punicalagin is chemically named as 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-4,6-(S,S)-gallagyl-D-glucose and belongs to a category of hydrolysable tannin. In this vein, present investigation was an endeavor to formulate the vesicular formulation of Punicalagin. For this, the Punicalagin was extracted, isolated and purified from peels of Punica granatum. Thus, to protect its hydrolysis, it is formulated into a nanocarrier system known as niosomes which is based on the preparation of niosomes by using a non-ionic surfactant in varying amounts and keeping the amount of cholesterol constant. The formulations were evaluated on the basis of evaluation parameters and thus optimized for the best formulation. Keywords: Punica granatum, Punicalagin, Novel Drug Delivery System, Niosomes, Vesicular system

Optimization and Evaluation of Desloratadine Oral Strip: An Innovation in Paediatric Medication

Patients, especially children, are the most difficult to treat in all groups of population mainly because they can not swallow the solid dosage form. Due to this reason they are often prescribed liquid dosage forms. But these formulations have their own disadvantages (lack of dose accuracy during administration, spitting by children, spillage, lack of stability, difficulty in transportation, etc.). Oral strip technology is one such technology to surpass these disadvantages. Desloratadine, a descarboethoxy derivative of loratadine, is a second generation antihistaminic drug approved for usage in allergic rhinitis among paediatric population and is available in markets as suspension. An attempt has been made to design and optimize the oral strip containing desloratadine as an active ingredient. Oral strip was optimized with the help of optimal experimental design using polymer concentration, plasticizer type, and plasticizer concentration as independent variables. Prepared oral strips were evaluated for physicochemical parameter, mechanical strength parameters, disintegration time, dissolution, surface pH, and moisture sorption tendency. Optimized formulation was further evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, moisture content, and histological alteration in oral mucosa. Accelerated stability studies were also carried out for optimized formulations. Results were analysed with the help of various statistical tools at and

A Culturally Adapted Diabetes Prevention Intervention in the New York City Sikh Asian Indian Community Leads to Improvements in Health Behaviors and Outcomes

Sikh Asian Indians are an underserved, minority group demonstrating high rates of diabetes. Community health workers (CHWs) are effective in addressing health disparities by reaching socially and linguistically isolated populations. There are no culturally adapted programs for diabetes prevention among Sikh Asian Indians, thus, this study tests the efficacy of a culturally tailored CHW intervention to improve diabetes prevention-related outcomes among Sikh Asian Indians at risk for diabetes. A quasi-experimental two-arm intervention among Sikh Asian Indian adults at risk for diabetes and living in New York City (n = 160) was conducted in 2013-2014. The treatment group received six monthly CHW group education sessions and ten follow-up phone calls; the control group received the first session. Main outcome categories included weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), physical activity (PA), diet, and health self-efficacy. Positive and significant changes in weight, BMI, and diabetes prevention-related indicators were seen among both study groups. However, only treatment group participants showed significant changes over time for weight, BMI, PA self-efficacy, and health-related self-efficacy. Significant between-group differences were seen in adjusted analyses for weight, BMI, systolic BP, total weekly PA, PA self-efficacy, PA social interaction, portion control, barriers to healthy eating, and health self-efficacy. At 6 months, treatment participants were more likely to lose ≥ 5% and ≥ 7% of their weight compared to control participants (p = .071, and p = .015, respectively). Findings demonstrate that a culturally adapted CHW diabetes prevention program in the Sikh community is efficacious, adding to the growing literature on CHWs’ capacity to address health inequity among underserved populations