Correlations and Event-by-Event Fluctuations in High Multiplicity Events Produced in 208^{208}Pb-208^{208}Pb Collisions

Analysis of high multiplicity events produced in 158A GeV/c $^{208}$Pb-$^{208}$Pb collisions is carried out to study the event-by-event fluctuations. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments can be used to identify the events having densely populated narrow phase space bins. A few events sorted out adopting this approach are individually analyzed. It is observed that these events do exhibit large fluctuations in their pseudorapidity, $\eta$ and azimuthal angle, $\phi$ distributions arising out due to some dynamical reasons. Two particle $\Delta\eta$-$\Delta\phi$ correlation study applied to these events too indicates that some complex two-dimensional structure of significantly high magnitude are present in these events which might have some dynamical origin. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments may be used as an effective triggering for events with large dynamical fluctuations.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures (Accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics

Transverse Momentum Distribution and Elliptic Flow of Charged Hadrons in UU+UU collisions at sNN=193\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193 GeV using HYDJET++

Recent experimental observations of the charged hadron properties in $U+U$ collisions at $193$ GeV contradict many of the theoretical models of particle production including two-component Monte Carlo Glauber model. The experimental results show a small correlation between the charged hadron properties and the initial geometrical configurations (e.g. body-body, tip-tip etc.) of $U+U$ collisions. In this article, we have modified the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to study the charged hadron production in $U+U$ collisions at $193$ GeV center-of-mass energy in tip-tip and body-body initial configurations. We have modified the hard as well as soft production processes to make this model suitable for $U+U$ collisions. We have calculated the pseudorapidity distribution, transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow distribution of charged hadrons with different control parameters in various geometrical configurations possible for $U+U$ collision. We find that HYDJET++ model supports a small correlation between the various properties of charged hadrons and the initial geometrical configurations of $U+U$ collision. Further, the results obtained in modified HYDJET++ model regarding $dn_{ch}/d\eta$ and elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) suitably matches with the experimental data of $U+U$ collisions in minimum bias configuration.Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for Publication in EPJ

Overview of Bottom-up Nano Electronics Materials and Its Application

Nanoelectronics materials have great attracted the fancy of many scientists and researchers worldwide. The small dimensions, strength and the remarkable physical properties of these structures made them unique materials with a whole range of promising application. In this review, the bottom-up nano electronics material’s properties, advantage, disadvantage, various type of fabrication techniques and the present status application, have been disused. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2777

Inter-hospital transfer of referred trauma patients admitted to the trauma centre of King George Medical University

Background: Inter-hospital transfer is a common in trauma victims due to paucity of super-specialty care, lack of specialty beds, and lack of funding. The government of Uttar Pradesh introduced Emergency Medical Response system (EMRS). There is a need to audit and evaluate the transfer process since the introduction of the service. The objectives of this study were to identify critical gaps in the transfer of trauma patients and secondary over triage to the trauma centre of KGMU.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on trauma victims referred to the trauma centre. Patients were evaluated for clinical status, Injury Severity Score, protective patient devices present, type of intravenous fluid infusion, mode of transport, and level of referring hospital. Transfer records, transport vehicles and accompanying personal were evaluated.Results: Of the 342 patients enrolled in the study, 91 had a GCS score <8 and 112(32.74%) had a diastolic BP <60 mm Hg at arrival. Twenty patients (5.8%) were referred from tertiary care centers, 74(21.6%) were referred from district hospitals, 136(39.76%) were referred from primary care centers and 112(32.74%) were referred from private hospitals. Date and time of injury was not recorded in any of the patients. Referral time was recorded in 48(14.03%) patients. One hundred seventy-six patients (51.14%) were transferred in EMRS ambulances, 102(29.82%) patients met the criteria for secondary over triage.Conclusions: There is a need to adopt and strictly implement guidelines for transfer of trauma victims to plug the critical gaps in the transfer process

Universal Freezeout Condition for Charged Hadrons in a Hybrid Approach

Hadronic freezeout during the evolution of the medium created in heavy-ion collisions is an important phenomena. It is quite useful to find a universal freezeout condition for each and every nuclear collisions. In this article, we have constructed a hybrid model to calculate the ratio of transverse energy to total mean multiplicity $E_{T} /N_{ch}$, since this ratio can possibly act as a freezeout condition in heavy-ion collision experiments. Present hybrid model blends two approaches : Tsallis statistics and wounded quark approach. Recently, Tsallis statistics has been reliably used to obtain the transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons produced in relativistic ion collisions. On the other side it has been shown that the pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons can be calculated satisfactorily using the wounded quark model (WQM). We have used this hybrid model to calculate the transverse energy density distributions, $dE_{T}/d\eta$ at midrapidity using charged particle pseudorapidity distributions, $dN_{ch}/d\eta$ and mean transverse momentum $\langle p_{T} \rangle$ in various type of nuclear collisions. We found that present hybrid model satisfactorily explains the experimental data whether other models fail to reproduce the data at central and at peripheral collisions simultaneously. Finally, ratio of transverse energy to total mean multiplicity, $E_{T} /N_{ch}$ has been computed within hybrid model and compared with the available experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. We observed no explicit dependence of $E_{T} /N_{ch}$ on energy as well as centrality and thus it can definitely act as a freezeout criteria.Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, 2 Tables, Accepted in EPJ

A Comprehensive Review on Anti-Cancer Properties of Amaranthus viridis

Amaranthus Viridis L. belongs to the Family (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as “Chowlai” which a common name. A. Viridis contains several compounds like Quercetin, Kaempferol, Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCs) (coumaric acid,&nbsp;ferulic acid, sinapic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid,&nbsp;rosmarinic acid), Syringic acid (SA), Rutin, Vitexin, Vanillic acid, etc . In search of new activities and chemical entities, phytochemical screening of the extract from leaves of A. Viridis L. indicates the presence of biologically active constituents saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroids, and triterpenoids. Quercetin is the aglycone form of several other flavonoid glycosides, Kaempferol (3,4′,5,7- tetrahydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonol, a type of flavonoid, Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound of natural origin. Syringic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound which obtained from natural origin. SA is an excellent compound to be used as a therapeutic agent in various diseases (diabetes, CVDs, cancer, cerebral ischemia, neuro and liver damage) and possesses anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiendotoxic activities. Vitexin (apigenin-8-C-glucoside) has also shows the wide range of pharmacological effects, including but not limited to anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Vanillic acid shows the anti-cancer activity

Spectrum of Skin Manifestations in CKD: A Tertiary Care Center Experience from North India

Introduction: Dermal manifestations in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may range from mild ones, like xerosis, skin pallor, pruritus, coated tongue, superficial infections and hair and nail changes, to severe life-threatening ones, like nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, which is a rare entity in current times. The present study was done to evaluate the spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with CKD and to look for an association between them and various biochemical parameters and inflammatory markers. Material and methods: This study was a 1 year prospective, observational study conducted on adult patients with CKD who presented to the Nephrology clinic in Pt. BD Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Patients between the ages of 17 and 75 years with CKD stages II or more with dermatological conditions were included in this study. Each participant was subjected to detailed clinical, biochemical, radiological and dermatological examination by same consultants in order to avoid interpersonal variations. Various skin, mucosal, nail and hair manifestations along with cutaneous infections were analyzed across the spectrum of CKD. Results: Among cutaneous infections, fungal infections predominated, amongst which, onychomycosis was the most common. Xerosis was the most common dermatological disease and the prevalence of xerosis, skin pallor and pruritus was found to increase significantly from Stage II to Stage V and VD of CKD in a statistically significant manner. An association was found between xerosis and decreasing levels of hemoglobin and while ferritin was not different between patients with and without xerosis, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in patients with xerosis. Similarly, hs-CRP levels were significantly elevated in patients with xerostomia and nail pallor as compared with those who did not have these conditions. Lastly, patients with nail pallor had significantly lower albumin. Conclusion: It was observed in our study that in CKD patients on hemodialysis and on conservative management, xerosis, pruritus, pigmentation, nail changes, oral mucosa changes and cutaneous infections were the predominant cutaneous manifestations. In patients with CKD, mucocutaneous manifestations progressively worsened as renal function deteriorated