KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

To exploit the research results commercially or otherwise has become increasingly important for universities. When pursuing this, universities have established Technology Transfer Offices and developing links to industries and businesses. This paper focuses on the ways selected European universities have established and organised their Technology Transfer (TT) activities. The study was made using the model developed by professor Allan Gibb as a framework. The data collection work was done in a series of interviews in four European universities. The background material and data was collected from public sources, mainly from the universities’ web pages. The study recognised certain elements, which affect the success of the TT activities. Technology Transfer operation requires top management support and a link to university’s strategy. The size of the economic area and the amount of cumulative research results are important factors in TT. Successful Technology Transfer can be organised centralised or decentralised way as long as the operating model is known to all involved parties. Creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere and showing that the university values the exploitation of the research results appears to be highly important in order get results from TT activities

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES

To exploit the research results commercially or otherwise has become increasingly important for universities. When pursuing this, universities have established Technology Transfer Offices and developing links to industries and businesses. This paper focuses on the ways selected European universities have established and organised their Technology Transfer (TT) activities. The study was made using the model developed by professor Allan Gibb as a framework. The data collection work was done in a series of interviews in four European universities. The background material and data was collected from public sources, mainly from the universities’ web pages. The study recognised certain elements, which affect the success of the TT activities. Technology Transfer operation requires top management support and a link to university’s strategy. The size of the economic area and the amount of cumulative research results are important factors in TT. Successful Technology Transfer can be organised centralised or decentralised way as long as the operating model is known to all involved parties. Creating an entrepreneurial atmosphere and showing that the university values the exploitation of the research results appears to be highly important in order get results from TT activities

Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in Finland 2016–2020

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright industries to the Finnish economy in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other countries. The key findings of the study include the following: - The combined value added of copyright industries represented 5.69 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2020 and amounted to €13.54 billion and the combined number of employees in the copyright industries amounted to 146 380 and represented 5.87 percent of the total employment in Finland in 2015. - From the year 2000 to the year 2020 the economic contribution of core copyright industries has shown a moderate growth. The combined value added of core copyright industries represented 4.47 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2020 (3.28 percent in 2000) amounting to €10.6 billion. - Compared to the Finnish GDP growth of 9.4 percent between 2016 and 2020, the value added of core copyright industries in absolute terms grew by 19.4 percent. - In 2020, the largest core copyright industries, software and databases, accounted for approximately 74 percent of the cumulative value added of the core copyright industries in Finland. - From 2016 to 2020, the most prominent growth in core copyright industries took place in the software industry whereas the relative contribution of the press and literature decreased. - The revised WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries has enabled a very useful increase in the comparability of studies made in different countries. Finland ranks high when it comes to the contribution of the core copyright industries but lower in terms of overall copyright contribution

Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in Finland 2016–2020

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright industries to the Finnish economy in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other countries.The key findings of the study include the following:-The combined value added of copyright industries represented 5.69 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2020 and amounted to €13.54 billion and the combined number of employees in the copyright industries amounted to 146 380 and represented 5.87 percent of the total employment in Finland in 2015.-From the year 2000 to the year 2020 the economic contribution of core copyright industries has shown a moderate growth. The combined value added of core copyright industries represented 4.47 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2020 (3.28 percent in 2000) amounting to €10.6 billion.-Compared to the Finnish GDP growth of 9.4 percent between 2016 and 2020, the value added of core copyright industries in absolute terms grew by 19.4 percent.-In 2020, the largest core copyright industries, software and databases, accounted for approximately 74 percent of the cumulative value added of the core copyright industries in Finland.-From 2016 to 2020, the most prominent growth in core copyright industries took place in the software industry whereas the relative contribution of the press and literature decreased.-The revised WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries has enabled a very useful increase in the comparability of studies madein different countries. Finland ranks high when it comes to the contribution of the core copyright industries but lower in terms of overall copyright contribution.</p

Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Finland 2013–2015

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright-based industries to the Finnish economy in 2013, 2014 and 2015 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other countries. The key findings of the study include the following: • The combined value added of copyright-based industries represented 5.38 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2015 and amounted to €11.27 billion and the combined number of employees in the copyright-based industries amounted to 136 617 and represented 5.61 percent of the total employment in Finland in 2015. • From the year 2000 to the year 2015 the economic contribution of core copyright industries has shown a moderate growth. The combined value added of core copyright industries represented 4.14 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2015 (3.28 percent in 2000) amounting to €8.67 billion. • Compared to the Finnish GDP growth of 3.04 percent between 2013 and 2015, the value added of core copyright industries in absolute terms grew by 12.73 percent. • In 2015, the two largest core copyright industries, software and databases and press and literature, accounted for approximately 85 percent of the cumulative value added of the core copyright industries in Finland. • From 2013 to 2015, in the core copyright industries the most prominent growth, in terms of value added, took place in the software industry, whereas the relative contribution of the press and literature and radio and television industry decreased. • The revised WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries has enabled a very useful increase in the comparability of studies made in different countries. Finland ranks high when it comes to the contribution of the core copyright industries but lower in terms of overall copyright contribution

Economic Contribution of Copyright-Based Industries in Finland 2013 – 2015

The purpose of the present study was to measure the economic contribution of copyright-based industries to the Finnish economy in 2013, 2014 and 2015 using the World Intellectual Property Organization’s (WIPO) revised methodology in this measurement and to compare the Finnish findings to the results of similar studies completed in other countries.The key findings of the study include the following:•The combined value added of copyright-based industries represented 5.38 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2015 and amounted to €11.27 billion and the combined number of employees in the copyright-based industries amounted to 136 617 and represented 5.61 percent of the total employment in Finland in 2015.•From the year 2000 to the year 2015 the economic contribution of core copyright industries has shown a moderate growth. The combined value added of core copyright industries represented 4.14 percent of the Finnish GDP in 2015 (3.28 percent in 2000) amounting to €8.67 billion.•Compared to the Finnish GDP growth of 3.04 percent between 2013 and 2015, the value added of core copyright industries in absolute terms grew by 12.73 percent.•In 2015, the two largest core copyright industries, software and databases and press and literature, accounted for approximately 85 percent of the cumulative value added of the core copyright industries in Finland.•From 2013 to 2015, in the core copyright industries the most prominent growth, in terms of value added, took place in the software industry, whereas the relative contribution of the press and literature and radio and television industry decreased.•The revised WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the Copyright-Based Industries has enabled a very useful increase in the comparability of studies made in different countries. Finland ranks high when it comes to the contribution of the core copyright industries but lower in terms of overall copyright contribution.</p