Counseling and education on adequacy of vitamin and mineral intake from fruit and vegetables to improve body immunity in senior high school students in Tanjung Morawa district

Fruits and vegetables are food ingredients that contain a lots of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and fiber that are needed by the body. Indonesia is a country that is very rich in fruits and vegetables. However, in fact, fruits and vegetables are rarely consumed by people, especially teenagers. Lack of intake in consuming fruits and vegetables can cause the body to lack nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber and an imbalance in the body's acid and alkaline, which can lead to various diseases. The purpose of this community service is to provide counseling and educate students and teachers about the adequate intake of vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables to increase immunity in Senior High School students in Tanjung Morawa District. This community service activity was carried out by means of a lecture method by disseminating the activity plan to the children of the Yayasan Pendidikan Pauly Mandiri students, then demonstrations by conducting counseling. Community service activities in general received a very good response and high enthusiasm from students, and several teachers who attended and the chairman of the Pauly Mandiri Education Foundation in Tanjung Morawa asked to be resumed. The results of community service, especially practicing how to create fruits and vegetables by making salads from various fruits and vegetables that can be applied by students and teachers in their daily lives. The enthusiasm of the participants hoped that this outreach activity could be resumed, namely how to make it easier for children to make it easier for children to remember the importance of consuming fruits and vegetables

Antifungal activity testing of curry leaf ethanol extract on the growth of Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans fungus

Background: The curry leaf is an Indonesian plant commonly utilized as a spice. Curry leaves are abundant in secondary metabolites, which endow this plant with numerous advantages, including antibacterial and antifungal properties, as well as the ability to reduce blood sugar levels and blood pressure. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of an ethanol extract derived from curry leaves in suppressing the proliferation of Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans fungus. Methods: The symbiotic properties and phytochemical composition of curry leaf simplisia were examined. The antifungal efficacy of the ethanol extract derived from curry leaves was evaluated against Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans using the disc diffusion method. Calculate the precise values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The simplisia of curry leaf fulfills the criteria for simplisia characterization. Curry leaves possess a variety of secondary metabolite chemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and triterpenoids. The activity against the inhibition of fungal growth of Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans can suppress fungal growth with inhibition zone diameters measuring 6.93±0.15 mm and 7.27±0.47 mm, respectively. The minimum lethal concentration of leaf ethanol extract for Pityrosporum ovale fungi is 8.75%, resulting in a decrease of 98.25%. For Candida albicans fungi, the minimum lethal concentration is 12.5%, resulting in a reduction of 98.37%. Conclusions: The ethanol extract derived from curry leaves has the ability to hinder the proliferation of Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans fungus

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DOUBLE DIVISOR RATIO SPECTRA DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD FOR TERNARY MIXTURE OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

This study aimed to develop spectrophotometry method by double divisor ratio spectra derivative to determine the levels of dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DEX), doxylamine succinate (DOX) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) in tablet dosage form using ethanol as solvent. The method is based on the use of the coincident spectra of the derivative of the ratio spectra obtained using a double divisor and measuring at the wavelengths selected. Then, the method was applied to determine the levels of DEX, DOX and PSE in tablet dosage form. The selected wavelengths for determination of DEX, DOX and PSE are 277.0 nm, 243.0 nm, and 243.2 nm, respectively. The mean % recoveries were found to be in 100.88%, 100.05%, and 100.26% for DEX, DOX and PSE, respectively. The method is successfully applied to analyze DEX, DOX and PSE in pharmaceutical formulation with no interference from excipients as indicated by the recovery study. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range

Analysis of Amoxicillin and Tetracycline Residues in Chicken Meat Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Antibiotics are commonly used as food additives in broiler farms and their use tends to be excessive regardless and incorrect that can leave some antibiotic residues in chicken meat. The aimed of this study was to analyze on  antibiotic residues level amoxicillin and tetracycline in chicken meat sold in Medan. The antibiotic residues analysis was conducted by extracting the antibiotic from chicken meat with water and acetonitrile (2:8, v/v) and detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detector using C-18 column (4.6 mm i.d., length 30 mm, particle size 1.8 µm) at 35 oC, with the mobile phases,  0.1 % formic acid solution in water and 0.1 % formic acid solution in methanol with gradient elution technique at a flow rate of  0.5 ml/minute. The result exhibited that the chicken meat that were collected from five  markets  in Medan apparently contained antibiotic residues  tetracycline . The level of  tetracyclin residue in chicken meat was  0.1157-1.4436 µg/g, which exceed the maximum level  for tetracyclin residue allowed in foodstuffs of animal origin which is 0.1 ug/g.   Keywords: residue, antibiotic, amoxicillin, tetracycline, chicken mea

In Vitro Test of Anticalculi Effect from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Chives Leaf (Allium schoenoprasum L.)

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of chives leaves of ethyl acetate fraction to dissolve calcium in human kidney stones. This research starts from making the ethyl acetate fraction, calibration curve for calcium and measuring dissolved calcium levels in kidney stones by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 2.5% had the greatest anti-calculi capability of 92.02%. The conclusion of this study is that the ethyl acetate fraction of chives leaf has the potential to be anticalculi in the treatment of kidney stones.   Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kemampuan fraksi etil asetat daun kucai  untuk melarutkan kalsium pada batu ginjal manusia. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan fraksi etil asetat, pembuatan kurva kalibrasi kalsium serta pengukuran kadar kalsium terlarut pada batu ginjal dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri serapan atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dengan konsentrasi 2,5 % memiliki kemampuan antikalkuli yang terbesar yakni 92,02%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun kucai berpotensi sebagai antikalkuli pada pengobatan batu ginjal. &nbsp

Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition  in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of  virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acid

Education on the impact of reverse osmosis (ro) drinking water toward health in village pb Selayang II Medan

At this time, there is a lot of ready-to-drink drinking water consisting of mineral water and demineralized drinking water such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) both in packets and refills. Drinking water must meet biological, chemical, and physical requirements so that it does not have negative effects on health. One of the chemical requirements is about the main mineral content of calcium and magnesium in drinking water. Based on research results, drinking water with low minerals (usually expressed as low water hardness) if consumed for a long time will cause health problems, for example increasing the risk of several diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, and others. Absorption of toxic metals such as Pb will occur if the minerals calcium and magnesium are very low in drinking water. So, if there is a small amount of Pb toxic metals in food, it will be easily absorbed by the body when calcium and magnesium levels are low in drinking water. However, if calcium and magnesium are sufficient in drinking water, the absorption of Pb, both in drinking water and other food, will be inhibited or not occur. Means can avoid diseases caused by these toxic metals.        Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) determined that the calcium and magnesium content in drinking water each with a minimum requirement is 20 mg of calcium and 10 mg of magnesium in one liter of drinking water. The Indonesian Ministry of Health in 1975 only stated that the maximum calcium content in drinking water was 75 mg / liter of drinking water and there were no minimum requirements. Then the Ministry of Health in 2010 did not include the calcium and magnesium requirements but only the hardness requirements. So low-mineral drinking water will absorb (trap) the minerals present in other foods and dispose of them so that the body lacks minerals in the long run. Water without minerals will also reduce the process of absorption of minerals in digestion, and can even bind minerals from the body if consumed without other food.         Low mineral water is not good as drinking water, especially demineralized drinking water that does not contain minerals can cause health problems especially water without minerals such as RO drinking water. The results showed that the levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in bottled and refilled drinking water in Medan more did not reach the minimum levels of calcium and magnesium, meaning that drinking water was low in minerals. Even more important is that producers of refilled RO drinking water are in Medan (some claim to get permission from the government) and there is even a bottled RO drinking water product which means getting permission from the Drug and Food Control (POM)

Isolation Of Chitosan From Cuttlefish Bones

One of the potential natural resources in Indonesia is the abundance of natural resources in the marine sector. The survey results show that the sale of cuttlefish in the market indicates that the demand for cuttlefish is very high. Cuttlefish is a type of marine animal that is widely consumed by the public because of its very high protein content, but the part used from this cuttlefish is the meat, while the squid bones are discarded. Cuttlefish bone is one of the natural ingredients that contains chitin, and when the isolation process is carried out with the stages of deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, it can produce chitosan compounds. The aim of the study was to isolate chitosan from cuttlefish bones. Isolation of chitosan includes 3 basic stages, namely deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation. Then the characteristics of chitosan from cuttlefish bones are analyzed, namely water content analysis, ash content, protein content, ninhydrin test, and FT-IR characteristics. The results of characteristic testing of 8.04% water content, 1.73% ash content, and 4.8% protein content, ninhydrin test results showed that cuttlefish bone chitosan had an amine group, and FT-IR results showed that the absorption bands of C-O and C-N groups. The conclusion of this study shows that chitosan can be isolated from cuttlefish bones

Determination Of Vitamin C And Antioxidant Activity In Fresh Red Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) And Red Guava Commercial Fruit Juices

Red guava (Psidium guajava L.) has various benefits such as overcoming digestive disorders, thrush and dengue fever and can be used for anticancer herbal therapy. Red guava fruit is a fruit with the highest levels of vitamin C compared to other fruits. It contains carotenoid compounds and phenolic compounds that act as antioxidants. Red guava fruit is often processed into fruit juice drinks that are packaged in various types of packaging and distributed commercially so that people can consume red guava fruit more efficiently. Determination of vitamin C levels using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method and the results obtained that the vitamin C content of red guava commercial fruit juice is higher than fresh red guava juice. Measurement of antioxidant activity of red guava fruit and its commercial fruit juice using ABTS methods. The results obtained in the ABTS method, fresh red guava juice and its commercial fruit juice have very strong antioxidant activity (IC50 < 50 µg/mL)