The Circumvention of UEFA\u27s Financial Fair Play Rules Through the Influx of Foreign Investments

European football is undergoing rapid changes spurred on by enormous investments from around the globe. Although regulations exist to curtail teams buying their way to success, foreign investors have become ingenious at circumventing Financial Fair Play rules. The European football governing body needs to reevaluate existing rules and strengthen them by looking to outside examples. This article analyzes the current regulations established by the governing bodies of European football and details how foreign investors are able to circumvent these regulations. Further, this article articulates potential solutions to the current Financial Fair Play rules and how the spirit of the current rules can be ultimately realized

TraitBank : practical semantics for organism attribute data

© IOS Press and The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Semantic Web 7 (2016): 577-588, doi:10.3233/SW-150190.Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) has developed TraitBank (http://eol.org/traitbank), a new repository for organism attribute (trait) data. TraitBank aggregates, manages and serves attribute data for organisms across the tree of life, including life history characteristics, habitats, distributions, ecological relationships and other data types. We describe how TraitBank ingests and manages these data in a way that leverages EOL’s existing infrastructure and semantic annotations to facilitate reasoning across the TraitBank corpus and interoperability with other resources. We also discuss TraitBank’s impact on users and collaborators and the challenges and benefits of our lightweight, scalable approach to the integration of biodiversity data.Support for TraitBank was provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation

Near-infinity concentrated norms and the fixed point property for nonexpansive maps on closed, bounded, convex sets

In this paper we define the concept of a near-infinity concentrated norm on a Banach space X with a boundedly complete Schauder basis. When k · k is such a norm, we prove that (X, k · k) has the fixed point property (FPP); that is, every nonexpansive self-mapping defined on a closed, bounded, convex subset has a fixed point. In particular, P.K. Lin’s norm in l1 [P.K. Lin, There is an equivalent norm on l1 that has the fixed point property, Nonlinear Anal. 68 (8) (2008), 2303-2308] and the norm νp(·) (with p = (pn) and limn pn = 1) introduced in [P.N. Dowling, W.B. Johnson, C.J. Lennard and B. Turett, The optimality of James’s distortion theorems, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 124 (1) (1997), 167-174] are examples of near-infinity concentrated norms. When νp(·) is equivalent to the l1-norm, it was an open problem as to whether (l1, νp(·)) had the FPP. We prove that the norm νp(·) always generates a nonreflexive Banach space X = R ⊕p1(R ⊕p2(R ⊕p3. . . )) satisfying the FPP, regardless of whether νp(·) is equivalent to the l1-norm. We also obtain some stability results.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y UniversidadesJunta de Andalucí

Combined administration of a small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6 and Docetaxel reduces breast cancer skeletal metastasis and osteolysis:Running title : TRAF6/NFkB inhibition reduced breast cancer metastasis

Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been implicated in breast cancer and osteoclastic bone destruction. Here, we report that 6877002, a verified small-molecule inhibitor of TRAF6, reduced metastasis, osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis in models of osteotropic human and mouse breast cancer. First, we observed that TRAF6 is highly expressed in osteotropic breast cancer cells and its level of expression was higher in patients with bone metastasis. Pre-exposure of osteoclasts and osteoblasts to non-cytotoxic concentrations of 6877002 inhibited cytokine-induced NF\u3baB activation and osteoclastogenesis, and reduced the ability of osteotropic human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells to support bone cell activity. 6877002 inhibited human MDA-MB-231-induced osteolysis in the mouse calvaria organ system, and reduced soft tissue and bone metastases in immuno-competent mice following intra-cardiac injection of mouse 4T1-Luc2 cells. Of clinical relevance, combined administration of 6877002 with Docetaxel reduced metastasis and inhibited osteolytic bone damage in mice bearing 4T1-Luc2 cells. Thus, TRAF6 inhibitors such as 6877002 - alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy - show promise for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

The Non-Canonical CTD of RNAP-II Is Essential for Productive RNA Synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei

The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit (RPB1) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) is essential for gene expression in metazoa and yeast. The canonical CTD is characterized by heptapeptide repeats. Differential phosphorylation of canonical CTD orchestrates transcriptional and co-transcriptional maturation of mRNA and snRNA. Many organisms, including trypanosomes, lack a canonical CTD. In these organisms, the CTD is called a non-canonical CTD or pseudo-CTD (ΨCTD. In the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, the ΨCTD is ∼285 amino acids long, rich in serines and prolines, and phosphorylated. We report that T. brucei RNAP-II lacking the entire ΨCTD or containing only a 95-amino-acid-long ΨCTD failed to support cell viability. In contrast, RNAP-II with a 186-amino-acid-long ΨCTD maintained cellular growth. RNAP-II with ΨCTD truncations resulted in abortive initiation of transcription. These data establish that non-canonical CTDs play an important role in gene expression

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy