Monitoring and Analysis of Frozen Debris Lobes, Phase I

INE/AUTC 12.2

Relationship of Postburn Intervals to the Incidence and Success of Bobwhite Nesting in Southwest Georgia

Data relating to the interval between the last prescribed burn and current nesting attempts were collected from 842 nests known to have contained eggs during the 1969-71 nesting seasons on a 1,262-acre area in southwest Georgia. The yearly habitat acreage per nest averaged 11.4 acres on areas burned during the current spring, 1.4 acres on areas 1 yr postburn, 2.3 acres on areas 2 yr postburn, and 1.8 acres on areas more than 2 yr postburn. One successful nest occurred per 32.0 acres on burned areas, 9.2 acres on areas 1 yr postburn, 14.5 acres on areas 2 yr postburn, and 38.0 acres on areas more than 2 yr postburn. Initiation dates were known for 385 of the 842 nests. The occurrence of nests on burned areas was low prior to June 16. Nests on burned areas increased after June 15 (1 nest/30.1 acres/year) but the incidence was still lower than that on unburned areas (1 nest/11.1 acres/year). Data indicate that areas burned during the current spring are used by quail for nesting, but that maintenance of suitable cover conditions 1 and 2 yr postburn is the greatest benefit to nesting derived from prescribed burning

The effects of amino acid supplementation and medication of salmonella pullorum in chicks

The widespread and sometimes indiscriminate use of drugs and medicants has, in part, led to masking of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in host-parasite relation-ships in certain bacterial diseases. Additional knowledge is needed in relation to physiological alterations with emphasis on the metabolic disturbances within the host during infection. The literature suggests that certain infectious diseases can cause alterations in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The observations of Rettger (1909), indicating the presence of unabsorbed yolk in young chicks dying of pullorum disease, first suggested an impairment of metabolic processes. Although pullorum disease has been largely controlled by testing programs, there still exists a potential danger to the poultry industry from this disease. There is still no known treatment for pullorum disease in poultry that can guarantee complete recovery and control. Consequently, more needs to be known regarding host-parasite relationships, drug action and therapeutic evaluation of drugs in its control. Furthermore, this knowledge might well be applied to other bacterial infections. Dubos (1955) has done much to renew the interest in the biochemical basis to infection. With the metabolic disturbances in mind, Ross et al. (1955a) and Dooley et al. (1956) reported some major alterations in the nitrogen metabolism of chicks clinically infected with Salmonella pullorum. Among this findings was the observation that certain free and bound amino acids in the blood serum were depleted during the course of infection. Subsequent supplementation of some of the depleted amino acids resulted in prolonging the survival time of the fatally infected chicks. Much work has been done with dietary protein levels and disease interrelationships. However, little has been reported with respect to individual amino acids and disease interaction. The study reported in this thesis was undertaken to explore the aspects of amino acid deficiencies; supplementation of serum-deficient amino acids; and drug evaluation in search for a combined treatment that might be beneficial in treating chickens with pullorum disease

A Study of Bobwhite Quail Nest Initiation Dates, Clutch Sizes, and Hatch Sizes in Southwest Georgia

Nest initiation dates, size of clutches, and proportion of eggs hatching are presented for a high-density bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) population studied from 1967 through 1971 in southwest Georgia. Initiation dates were known for 680 nests that were active when found; of these, 379 nests (56%) were initiated before 16 June. Nesting success (percentage of all nests producing chicks) was low for these nests. Of 171 successful active nests with known initiation dates, only 38 (22%) were initiated before 16 June. Mean monthly clutch size decreased from March (25.0) to August (9.4). The mean clutch size for all nests was 12.0. The number of eggs hatching per nest also decreased from March (20.0) to August (8.4) with a mean of 9.9 eggs hatching for all nests

Newly discovered activities for calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ): Implications for future pharmacological use

Recent studies have yielded new insights into the critical importance of adequate vitamin D 3 intake and metabolism. Investigations of the actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (calcitriol) on novel target tissues has revealed that this hormone has functions other than its recognized action in regulating blood calcium and phosphate levels. Reports have characterized calcitriol receptors and activities in organs and tissues as diverse as pancreas, skeletal and heart muscle, blood cells, brain, skin, pituitary, parathyroid, kidney, bone and intestine. These studies suggest functions for calcitriol as varied as the regulation of insulin and prolactin secretion, muscle contractility, immune cell metabolism, melanin synthesis and differentiation of blood cells. This information may ultimately help us to understand the etiologies of several kinds of organ dysfunction and lead to the development of tissue-specific agents for new therapies.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50182/1/950040206_ftp.pd

Prevention of Harmful Algal Blooms by the Mitigation of Phosphorus Nutrient Loading via Filtration by Steel Wool and Activated Carbon

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a devastating ecological and economic consequence of the abundance of nutrient-rich agricultural runoff entering aquatic ecosystems (Baker et al. 2014). Bio-available phosphorus from synthetic fertilizers is one of the major nutrients contributing to this global issue. Previous studies indicated that dissolved phosphorus can be removed from an aqueous environment when passed through a composite mixture of granular steel wool particles and activated carbon (Erickson, Gulliver, and Weiss, 2007). In this project, we conducted experiments using higher quality concentration measurements to determine what grades of steel wool (SW-0000, SW-000, SW-00) and types of activated carbon (granulated - GAC, powdered - PAC, extruded - EAC) and in what combinations are most effective at removing phosphorus. Additionally, the production of iron-oxide byproducts was monitored as a characteristic of filter longevity. The feasibility of scaling up the proportions of materials was also assessed to determine the safety, health, and environmental regulations of filter implementation as well as to produce an economic analysis and design matrix. It was determined that a combination of GAC and SW-0000, would be the best choice of filter media due to its ability to uptake phosphorus, cost, and ability to trap carbon dust. From the experimental and existing data, a prototype filtration device was designed and analyzed regarding the materials needed, longevity, regulation, cost, and potential future implementation in the Maumee River and the Cuyahoga River

Prevention of Harmful Algal Blooms by the Mitigation of Phosphorus Nutrient Loading via Filtration by Steel Wool and Activated Carbon

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are a devastating ecological and economic consequence of the abundance of nutrient-rich agricultural runoff entering aquatic ecosystems (Baker et al. 2014). Bioavailable phosphorus from synthetic fertilizers is one of the major nutrients contributing to this global issue. Preliminary studies indicate that dissolved phosphorus can be removed from an aqueous environment when passed through a composite mixture of granular steel wool particles and activated carbon (Erickson, Gulliver, and Weiss (2007). Further research was conducted using higher quality concentration measurements to determine what grades of steel wool (0000, 000, 00) and types of activated carbon (GAC, PAC, EAC) and in what combinations are most effective at removing phosphorus, and to determine longevity of filter materials in terms of percent phosphorus removed over time, and percent iron-oxide byproducts produced over time. The feasibility of scaling up the proportions of materials was also assessed to determine the safety, health, and environmental regulations of filter implementation as well as to produce an economic analysis and design matrix. From the experimental and existing data, a prototypical filtration device was designed and analyzed with regard for materials needed, longevity, regulation, cost, and potential future implementation in two Ohio locations: the Maumee River and the Cuyahoga River

Carotenoids are the likely precursor of a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter.

The ocean's biota sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in part by producing dissolved organic matter (DOM) that persists in the ocean for millennia. This long-term accumulation of carbon may be facilitated by abiotic and biotic production of chemical structures that resist degradation, consequently contributing disproportionately to refractory DOM. Compounds that are selectively preserved in seawater were identified in solid-phase extracted DOM (PPL-DOM) using comprehensive gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). These molecules contained cyclic head groups that were linked to isoprenoid tails, and their overall structures closely resembled carotenoid degradation products (CDP). The origin of these compounds in PPL-DOM was further confirmed with an in vitro β-carotene photooxidation experiment that generated water-soluble CDP with similar structural characteristics. The molecular-level identification linked at least 10% of PPL-DOM carbon, and thus 4% of total DOM carbon, to CDP. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of experimental CDP and environmental PPL-DOM overlapped considerably, which indicated that even a greater proportion of PPL-DOM was likely composed of CDP. The CDP-rich DOM fraction was depleted in radiocarbon (14C age > 1500 years), a finding that supports the possible long-term accumulation of CDP in seawater. By linking a specific class of widespread biochemicals to refractory DOM, this work provides a foundation for future studies that aim to examine how persistent DOM forms in the ocean

A systematic method for the appraisal and renovation of existing structures

Although the history o f building structures in Southern Africa extends back only about 200 years, many older important historic structures are now approaching an age at which serious deterioration has become evident and the necessity for repair and renovation :s essential in order to preserve these structures. The principal objective o f this dissertation has been to formulate a systematic approach to the appraisal o f old ov historic structures taking into account the extensive knowledge base o f research information available on age-related problems in structures. As the appraisal and renovation procedure is very different from design o f new structures, a systematic approach is required involving new investigative techniques and extensive experience not generally available. Consequently, an important aspect o f this dissertation is the application o f an Expert System to the appraisal of structures which includes guidance on the actual procedures, inspection methods and testing, diagnostic and forensic engineering and remedial technology. The dissertation does not purport to be exhaustive in the technical sense, rather the intention is to demonstrate that a systematic, expert-system based approach to structural appraisal and renovation is feasible. However, all basic elements are in place for a comprehensive and technically complete treatment o f the problem. Further research is required on establishing the full database and on diagnostic systems. The information contained within the Expert System is unique to this subject and the logic system