76 research outputs found
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Imprinting-Deprinting-Reimprinting: A Process Theory of Intergenerational Learning and Spin-off Entry
New entrants very often spin out from established firms and because they set on a course at
founding, their learning and capabilities become inextricably linked to their organizational and
technological heritage. But while this heritage may provide an initial advantage, it can also
generate inertia and resistance to change, unless the new company is able to unlearn some
practices from the parent company and learn something new in order to establish its own sources
of competitive uniqueness. This tension between inherited path and new trajectory, imprinted
past and search for newness is the object of this paper. Building on an in depth case study of
Acorn Computers and ARM semiconductors we show that while there are strong influences from
the parent company on the spinoff, these imprinted organizational effects can be overridden. We
use the term deprinting to stress the reversible nature of this process in contrast with the
irreversibility embodied by the classic imprinting notion. This is followed by a phase of intense
learning efforts whereby the spinoff establishes its competitive identity based on a blending of
retained routines, repeated improvisation and feedbacks from the market. We refer to this process
with the term reimprinting, to emphasize the metamorphosis experienced by the spinoff as it sets
on a new distinctive trajectory
Chronic spontaneous urticaria: a survey of 852 cases of childhood-onset systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Data regarding the prevalence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients and possible associated factors are limited to a few case reports. The objectives of this study were to assess CSU in a large cSLE population, in order to evaluate the demographic data, clinical manifestations, disease activity/damage, laboratory abnormalities and treatment. A retrospective multicenter cohort study (Brazilian cSLE group) was performed in 10 Pediatric Rheumatology services and included 852 cSLE patients. CSU was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network, the European Dermatology Forum and the World Allergy Organization. Patients with CSU (evaluated at urticaria diagnosis) and patients without CSU (evaluated at the last visit) were assessed for lupus clinical/laboratory features and treatment. CSU was observed in 10/852 cSLE patients (1.17%). The median of cSLE duration at urticaria diagnosis was 0 (-3 to 5) years. Comparison of cSLE patients with and without CSU revealed a greater frequency of constitutional symptoms (40 vs. 8%, p = 0.006), reticuloendothelial system involvement (30 vs. 3%, p = 0.003), mucocutaneous (90 vs. 28%, p < 0.0001) and musculoskeletal manifestations (50 vs. 6%, p < 0.0001) and methylprednisolone pulse therapy use (60 vs. 9%, p < 0.0001) in the former group. The frequency of immunosuppressive treatment was lower in patients with CSU (p = 0.018). The median SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (12 vs. 2, p < 0.0001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40 vs. 19 mm/1st hour, p = 0.024), was higher in patients with CSU. To our knowledge, this is the first study with evidence that CSU may be linked to cSLE. We also demonstrated that this particular skin manifestation occurs predominantly at disease onset and is associated with lupus moderate/high disease activity without major organ involvement1673186192CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTĂŤFICO E TECNOLĂ“GICO - CNPQ301805/2013-0; 2009/51897-5; 302724/2011-
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Deconstructing the outsider puzzle: The legitimation journey of novelty
The proposition that outsiders often are crucial carriers of novelty into an established institutional field has received wide empirical support. But an equally compelling proposition points to the following puzzle: the very same conditions that enhance outsiders' ability to make novel contributions also hinder their ability to carry them out. We seek to address this puzzle by examining the contextual circumstances that affect the legitimation of novelty originating from a noncertified outsider that challenged the status quo in an established institutional field. Our research case material is John Harrison's introduction of a new mechanical method for measuring longitude at sea-the marine chronometer- which challenged the dominant astronomical approach.We find that whether an outsider's new offer gains or is denied legitimacy is influenced by (1) the outsider's agency to further a new offer, (2) the existence of multiple audiences with different dispositions toward this offer, and (3) the occurrence of an exogenous jolt that helps create a more receptive social space. We organize these insights into a multilevel conceptual framework that builds on previouswork but attributes a more decisive role to the interplay between endogenous and exogenous variables in shaping a field's shifting receptiveness to novelty. The framework exposes the interdependencies between the micro-, meso-, and macro-level processes that jointly affect an outsider's efforts to introduce novelty into an existing field
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