Complexité de l’objet et catégories analytiques. Analyse d’un corpus sur divers organismes internationaux

Cet article vérifie trois hypothèses d’ordre épistémologique. La première veut que les sciences humaines, quand elles se penchent sur une question, le font presque par nécessité dans un cadre interdisciplinaire. La seconde propose que l’ensemble des écrits des chercheurs des sciences humaines, quand il porte sur une question particulière, peut être ramené, dans ses grandes lignes, à un nombre limité de catégories sémantiques. La troisième hypothèse suggère que l’analytique et l’éthique soient fortement associés. Pour vérifier ces hypothèses, l’analyse porte sur un corpus de milliers de résumés d’articles qui ont été publiés dans des revues avec comité de lecture et qui ont pour objet les organismes internationaux. Les trois hypothèses trouvent confirmation.This article verifies three epistemological hypotheses. The first proposes that human sciences, when studying a specific research topic, almost by necessity, take on an interdisciplinary approach. The second believes that, when scrutinizing a particular subject, human science papers tend to gravitate among a limited number of semantic categories. The third hypothesis suggests that both analytical and ethical standpoints are strongly associated. To verify these hypotheses, this paper analyses thousands of article abstracts published in pear reviewed journals pertaining to international organizations. All three hypotheses are confirmed

Security Design in Initial Public Offerings

We investigate an IPO security design problem when information asymmetries across investors lead to a winner’s curse. Firms that are riskier in down markets can lower the cost of going public by using unit IPOs, in which equity and warrants are combined into a non-divisible package. Furthermore, firms that have a sizeable growth potential even in bad states of the world can fully eliminate the winner’s curse problem by making the warrants callable. Our theory is consistent with the prominent use of unit IPOs and produces empirical implications that differentiate it from existing theories

Legal Protection in Retail Financial Markets

Given the importance of sound advice in retail financial markets and the fact that financial institutions outsource their advice services, what legal rules maximize social welfare in the market? We address this question by posing a theoretical model of retail markets in which a firm and a broker face a bilateral hidden action problem when they service clients in the market. All participants in the market are rational, and prices are set based on consistent beliefs about equilibrium actions of the firm and the broker. We characterize the optimal law within our modeling context, and derive how the legal system splits the blame between parties to the transaction. We also analyze how complexity in assessing clients and conflicts of interest affect the law. Since these markets are large, the implications of the analysis have great welfare import.

Auto-poïétique de deux expériences de montage sonore : d'une écoute à l'autre

Notre mémoire de recherche-création a pour point de départ deux conceptions sonores filmiques, auxquelles nous avons contribué en tant que monteur et concepteur sonores. Ces films – et leur bande sonore – ont, par leur forme, leur contenu, mais aussi par la dynamique ayant rythmé leur création, redéfini un aspect ou un autre de notre pratique. Ainsi, au moyen d'une auto-poïétique, nous explorons les différentes conditions de la création sonore mises en jeu, qu'elles soient d'ordre technique – le film Saint-Denys Garneau – ou d'ordre esthétique – le film Ma famille en 17 bobines. Dans chaque cas, nous cherchons aussi à explorer les problèmes poétiques et pratiques posés. Au creux de cette conjugaison de ces conditions émergent alors des outils de médiation, des relations humaines, des mouvements esthétiques et des postures d'écoute qui jettent un éclairage inédit sur notre pratique sonore.This research-creation project finds its roots in two film sound designs to which I contributed as a sound editor or sound designer. These films – and their respective soundtracks –, by their form, their content, but also by the dynamics that pulsed their creation, have redefined certain aspects of my own sound work. In this study, by the means of an autopoietic analysis, I explore the creative conditions at play in the elaboration of my sound designs, as they answer to technical matters – the film Saint- Denys Garneau – or aesthetic matters – the film Ma famille en 17 bobines. In each case, I also seek to deepen poetic and practical problems. From deep in the combination of these conditions emerge mediation tools, human relations, aesthetic movements and modes of listening that shed new light on my sound practice

Delegated Monitoring of Fund Managers

Because a money manager learns more about her skill from her management experience than outsiders can learn from her realized returns, she expects inefficiency in future contracts that condition exclusively on realized returns. A fund family that learns what the manager learns can reduce this inefficiency cost if the family is large enough. The family’s incentive is to retain any given manager regardless of her skill but, when the family has enough managers, it adds value by boosting the credibility of its retentions through the firing of others. In this way, large fund families add value through crosSC-sectional reputation. As the number of managers grows the efficiency loss goes to zero

FUND FAMILIES AS DELEGATED MONITORS OF MONEY MANAGERS

Because a money manager learns more about her skill from her management experience than outsiders can learn from her realized returns, she expects inefficiency in future contracts that condition exclusively on realized returns. A fund family that learns what the manager learns can reduce this inefficiency cost if the family is large enough. The family’s incentive is to retain any given manager regardless of her skill but, when the family has enough managers, it adds value by boosting the credibility of its retentions through the firing of others. As the number of managers grows the efficiency loss goes to zero

When Does Libertarian Paternalism Work?

We develop a theoretical model to study the effects of libertarian paternalism on knowledge acquisition and social learning. Individuals in our model are permitted to appreciate and use the information content in the default options set by the government. We show that in some settings libertarian paternalism may decrease welfare because default options slow information aggregation in the market. We also analyze what happens when the government acquires imprecise information about individuals, and characterize its incentives to avoid full disclosure of its information to the market, even when it has perfect information. Finally, we consider a market in which individuals can sell their information to others and show that the presence of default options causes the quality of advice to decrease, which may lower social welfare.

FUND FAMILIES AS DELEGATED MONITORS OF MONEY MANAGERS

Because a money manager learns more about her skill from her management experience than outsiders can learn from her realized returns, she expects inefficiency in future contracts that condition exclusively on realized returns. A fund family that learns what the manager learns can reduce this inefficiency cost if the family is large enough. The family’s incentive is to retain any given manager regardless of her skill but, when the family has enough managers, it adds value by boosting the credibility of its retentions through the firing of others. As the number of managers grows the efficiency loss goes to zero

CT pelvimetry of variant pelvis and child birth prognosis

The aim of this study was to determine the threshold values of pelvimetry by scanning and to evaluate the ability of the pelvimetry alone to diagnose a fetal-pelvic disproportion. It was an observational retrospective study on 410 pregnant women who had a scanner pelvimetry for any reasons. Based on the fetal presentations, two subgroups (breech and cephalic -others) have been defined. Measurements of the main obstetric diameters (promonto-retropubic, median transverse and dual sciatica) were taken. The 5th and 10th percentile were calculated as well as the 90th and 95th to determine the threshold values of pelvimetry by scanner. The scanner values found on CT were compared with the standard X ray pelvimetry values. Referring to extreme values obtained by pelvimetry scanner, some pathological pelvic brim were reconstructed in 3D. Moreover, the delivery prognostic was analyzed by crossing the pelvic inlet dimensions (Magnin index) and pelvic outlet dimensions (bi-sciatic diameter) with the outcome of the delivery. The mean values of the scanno-pelvimetry measurement in our series were:m12,39 cm (± 1) for the promonto-retropubic diameter, 12.88 cm (± 1.01) for the transverse median diameter and 11 cm (± 1.32) for the bi-sciatic diameter. These measurements provided an accuracy less than 1 cm compared to the standard ray pelvimetry. Although Magnin index at 23 allows a vaginal delivery, 51% of oursample have failed. Moreover, for the Magnin index at 24 and 25, the vaginal delivery failure rate remains high:45.1% and 39.61% respectively. Compared to classical pelvimetry, pelvimetry by scanner provides additional precision and allows to study the geometry of the basin. However, the pelvimetry alone could not be effective to establish the prognosis of vaginal delivery.Keywords: scanno-pelvimetry, prognosis, deliver