2,328 research outputs found

    Cancer-Associated Thrombosis in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

    Get PDF
    It is common knowledge that cancer patients are more prone to develop venous thromboembolic complications (VTE). It is therefore not surprising that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) present with a significant risk of VTE, with the portal vein being the most frequent site (PVT). However, patients with HCC are peculiar as both cancer and liver cirrhosis are conditions that can perturb the hemostatic balance towards a prothrombotic state. Because HCC-related hypercoagulability is not clarified at all, the aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available knowledge on epidemiology and pathogenesis of non-malignant thrombotic complications in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC. They are at increased risk to develop both PVT and non-splanchnic VTE, indicating that both local and systemic factors can foster the development of site-specific thrombosis. Recent studies have suggested multiple and often interrelated mechanisms through which HCC can tip the hemostatic balance of liver cirrhosis towards hypercoagulability. Described mechanisms include increased fibrinogen concentration/polymerization, thrombocytosis, and release of tissue factor-expressing extracellular vesicles. Currently, there are no specific guidelines on the use of thromboprophylaxis in this unique population. There is the urgent need of prospective studies assessing which patients have the highest prothrombotic profile and would therefore benefit from early thromboprophylaxis

    The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. The radial distribution of stellar populations in NGC 2808

    Full text link
    Due to their extreme helium abundance, the multiple stellar populations of the globular cluster NGC 2808 have been widely investigated from a photometric, spectroscopic, and kinematic perspective. The most striking feature of the color-magnitude diagram of NGC 2808 is the triple main sequence (MS), with the red MS corresponding to a stellar population with primordial helium, and the middle and the blue MS being enhanced in helium up to Y\sim0.32 and \sim0.38, respectively. A recent study has revealed that this massive cluster hosts at least five distinct stellar populations (A, B, C, D, and E). Among them populations A, B, and C correspond to the red MS, while populations C and D are connected to the middle and the blue MS. In this paper we exploit Hubble-Space-Telescope photometry to investigate the radial distribution of the red, the middle and the blue MS from the cluster center out to about 8.5 arcmin. Our analysis shows that the radial distribution of each of the three MSs is different. In particular, as predicted from multiple-population formation models, both the blue MS and the middle MS appears to be more concentrated than the red MS with a significance level for this result wich is above 3{\sigma}.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

    Aging Reduces The Primary Humoral Response And The In Vitro Cytokine Production In Mice.

    Get PDF
    Aging is accompanied by a decrease in several physiological functions that make older individuals less responsive to environmental challenges. In the present study, we analyzed the immune response of female BALB/c mice (N = 6) of different ages (from 2 to 96 weeks) and identified significant age-related alterations. Immunization with hapten-protein (trinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin) conjugates resulted in lower antibody levels in the primary and secondary responses of old mice (72 weeks old). Moreover, young mice (2, 16, and 32 weeks old) maintained specific antibodies in their sera for longer periods after primary immunization than did old mice. However, a secondary challenge efficiently induced memory in old mice, as shown by the increased antibody levels in their sera. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen increased until 8 weeks of age but there was no change in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio with aging. Splenic T cells from old mice that had or had not been immunized were less responsive to concanavalin-A and showed reduced cytokine production compared to young mice (IL-2: 57-127 vs 367-1104 pg/mL, IFN-gamma: 2344-12,836 vs 752-23,106 pg/mL and IL-10: 393-2172 vs 105-2869 pg/mL in old and young mice, respectively). These data suggest that there are significant changes in the organization of the immune system throughout life. However, the relevance of these alterations for the functioning of the immune system is unknown.401111-2

    ProC global: a new automated screening assay for the evaluation of total function of the protein C system.

    Get PDF
    Protein C (PC) pathway represents a major physiologic inhibitory mechanism regulating the coagulation cascade. A new automated functional screening assay (ProC Global) for the evaluation of the PC-system was tested to define its ability to identify patients with known inherited defects such as factor V (FV) Leiden mutation and PC and protein S (PS) deficiency. A total of 249 patients who were symptomatic or asymptomatic for previous venous thromboembolism (VTE) were evaluated, 50 of whom had FV Leiden mutation, 36 had PC deficiency, and 34 had PS deficiency. One hundred healthy subjects were also tested, as well as 40 blood donors of both sexes in whom coagulation abnormalities were not found. Results of ProC Global test were expressed as normalized ratio (NR) and values below an established cut-off level were consistent with a positive test. ProC Global was positive in all 50 patients with the FV Leiden mutation (mean NR = 0.59; range, 0.37 to 0.69). ProC Global correctly identified 32 of 36 (89%) PC defects (mean NR = 0.63; range, 0.34 to 1.21) and 25 of 34 (73.5%) PS defects (mean NR = 0.76; range, 0.5 to 1.23). Overall, 92.5% of hereditary defects of the PC system considered in this study were identified by ProC Global test. ProC Global exhibited NR above cut-off level in all 40 blood donors without coagulation defects. ProC Global is a new automated screening test with some diagnostic potential in identifying patients with defects of the PC system. However, ProC Global in its current form cannot substitute the assay of each single component of this inhibitory system in the daily screening for thrombophilia

    The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XIII. ACS/WFC Parallel-Field Catalogues

    Get PDF
    As part of the Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters, 110 parallel fields were observed with the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys, in the outskirts of 48 globular clusters, plus the open cluster NGC 6791. Totalling about 0.30.3 square degrees of observed sky, this is the largest homogeneous Hubble Space Telescope photometric survey of Galalctic globular clusters outskirts to date. In particular, two distinct pointings have been obtained for each target on average, all centred at about 6.56.5 arcmin from the cluster centre, thus covering a mean area of about 23arcmin223\,{\rm arcmin^{2}} for each globular cluster. For each field, at least one exposure in both F475W and F814W filters was collected. In this work, we publicly release the astrometric and photometric catalogues and the astrometrised atlases for each of these fields.Comment: 30 pages, 23 figures. Accepted by MNRA

    Association between non-O blood group and spontaneous abortion in women with inherited thrombophilia

    Get PDF
    Abstract Background Spontaneous abortion is reported to be one of the most frequent pregnancy complications reaching a prevalence up to 15%. The association between congenital thrombophilia and pregnancy loss has been debated in several studies with conflicting results. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia (i.e antithrombin, protein S and C deficiencies, factor V Leiden and prothrombin variant) in a group of women with a personal history of miscarriage. The prevalence non-O blood group, considered the most common thrombophilic condition, was concomitantly considered. Materials and methods A group of n. 566 women with a personal history of spontaneous abortion recruited among caregivers of patients admitted to the Medical Department of our University Hospital between December 2011 and December 2019 were enrolled. Women under 18 yrs, those with a personal history of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and with an acquired thrombophilic condition were excluded. An equally number of healthy women without a personal history of pregnancy loss acted as controls. The Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated as an estimate of pregnancy loss developing. Results Out of n. 566 enrolled women, n. 127 (22.4%) had an inherited thrombophilic condition. The prevalence of congenital thrombophilia was significantly higher in women with miscarriage than controls (OR 2.12; CI 95% 1.51–2.92). Non-O blood type was observed in n. 325 (57.4%) women. The prevalence of non-O blood group was significantly higher in women with pregnancy loss (p 0.01) and the association of thrombophilia and non-O blood type further increased the risk of pregnancy loss (OR 3.28; CI 95% 2.01–5.36). Conclusions Both inherited thrombophilia and non-O blood type should be considered risk factors for pregnancy loss. The knowledge of this information may help the clinician to better manage women with pregnancy loss. Further studies are required to confirm our findings. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None

    Concomitant homozygosity for the prothrombin gene variant with mild deficiency of antithrombin III in a patient with multiple hepatic infarctions: a case report

    Get PDF
    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Hereditary causes of visceral thrombosis or thrombosis should be sought among young patients. We present a case of a young man presenting with multiple hepatic infarctions resulting in portal hypertension due to homozygosity of the prothrombin gene mutation not previously described in literature.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 42-year-old Caucasian man with a previous history of idiopathic deep vein thrombosis 11 years earlier presented with vague abdominal pains and mildly abnormal liver function tests. An ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed evidence of hepatic infarction and portal hypertension (splenic varices). A thrombophilia screen confirmed a homozygous mutation for the prothrombin gene mutation, with mildly reduced levels of anti-thrombin III (AT III). Subsequent testing of his father and brother revealed heterozygosity for the same gene mutation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hepatic infarction is unusual due to the rich dual arterial and venous blood supply to the liver. In the absence of an arterial or haemodynamic insult causing hepatic infarction, a thrombophilia should be considered. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a hepatic infarction due to homozygosity of the prothrombin gene mutation. It is unclear whether homozygotes have a higher risk of thrombosis than heterozygotes. In someone presenting with a first thrombosis with this mutation, the case for life-long anticoagulation is unclear, but it may be necessary to prevent a second and more severe second thrombotic event, as occurred in this case.</p

    Small inner marsh area delimitation using remote sensing spectral indexes and decision tree method in southern Brazil

    Get PDF
    Revista oficial de la Asociación Española de Teledetección[EN] Vast small inner marsh (SIM) areas have been lost in the past few decades through the conversion to agricultural, urban and industrial lands. The remaining marshes face several threats such as drainage for agriculture, construction of roads and port facilities, waste disposal, among others. This study integrates 17 remote sensing spectral indexes and decision tree (DT) method to map SIM areas using Sentinel 2A images from Summer and Winter seasons. Our results showed that remote sensing indexes, although not developed specifically for wetland delimitation, presented satisfactory results in order to classify these ecosystems. The indexes that showed to be more useful for marshes classification by DT techniques in the study area were NDTI, BI, NDPI and BI_2, with 25.9%, 17.7%, 11.1% and 0.8%, respectively. In general, the Proportion Correct (PC) found was 95.9% and 77.9% for the Summer and Winter images respectively. We hypothetize that this significant PC variation is related to the rice-planting period in the Summer and/or to the water level oscillation period in the Winter. For future studies, we recommend the use of active remote sensors (e.g., radar) and soil maps in addition to the remote sensing spectral indexes in order to obtain better results in the delimitation of small inner marsh areas.[ES] En las últimas décadas se han perdido grandes áreas de pequeñas marismas interiores (SIM) a través de la conversión a tierras agrícolas, urbanas e industriales. Las marismas restantes enfrentan varias amenazas, como el drenaje para la agricultura, la construcción de carreteras e instalaciones portuarias, la eliminación de residuos, entre otras. Este estudio integra 17 índices espectrales de teledetección y un método basado en árboles de decisión (DT) para cartografiar áreas de pequeñas marismas interiores utilizando imágenes del satélite Sentinel 2A de verano e invierno. Los resultados muestran que los índices de teledetección, aunque no han sido desarrollados específicamente para la delimitación de marismas, presentan resultados satisfactorios para clasificar estos ecosistemas. Los índices que demostraron ser más útiles para la clasificación de marismas mediante técnicas de DT en el área de estudio fueron el NDTI, BI, NDPI y BI_2, con 25.9%, 17.7%, 11.1% y 0.8%, respectivamente. En general, la proporción correcta encontrada fue de 95.9% y 77.9% para las imágenes de verano e invierno, respectivamente. Nuestra hipótesis es que esta variación significativa de la proporción correcta está relacionada con el período de siembra del arroz en verano y/o con el período de oscilación del nivel del agua en invierno. Para futuras investigaciones, recomendamos el uso de sensores remotos activos (por ejemplo, radar) y mapas de suelo además de los índices espectrales de teledetección para obtener mejores resultados en la delimitación de pequeñas áreas de marismas interiores.João Paulo Delapasse Simioni thanks the CAPES agency for providing a doctoral fellowship. The au-thors acknowledge the Center for Remote Sensing and Meteorology (CEPSRM) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) for the support provided for this research.Simioni, JPD.; Guasselli, LA.; Ruiz, LFC.; Nascimento, VF.; De Oliveira, G. (2018). Delimitación de pequeñas marismas interiores mediante índices espectrales y árboles de decisión en el sur de Brasil. Revista de Teledetección. (52):55-66. doi:10.4995/raet.2018.10366SWORD556652Artigas, F. J., Yang, J. 2006. Spectral discrimination of marsh vegetation types in the New Jersey Meadowlands, USA. Wetlands, 26(1), 271. https:// doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[271:sdomvt]2. 0.co;2Belloli, T. F. 2016. Environmental Impacts Due to Rice, Large Banhado Environmental Protection Area - RS. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Retrieved from https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/ handle/10183/158968/001023034.pdf?sequence=1Belluco, E., Camuffo, M., Ferrari, S., Modenese, L., Silvestri, S., Marani, A., Marani, M. 2006. Mapping salt-marsh vegetation by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment, 105(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2006.06.006Canadian Wetland Inventory Technical Group. 2016. Canada Wetland Inventory (Data Model). Stonewall. Retrieved from http://www.ducks.ca/assets/2017/01/ CWIDMv7_01_E.pdfClevers, J. G. P. W., Leeuwen, H. J. C. Van, Sensing, R., Verhoef, W. 1989. Estimanting apar by means of vegetation indeces: a sensitivity analysis. XXIX ISPRS Congress Technical Commission VII: Interpretation of Photographic and Remote Sensing Data, 691-698.Congalton, R. G. 1991. A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 37(1), 35-46. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(91)90048-BDeering, D. W. 1975. Measuring forage production of grazing units from Landsat MSS data. Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, 1975, 1169-1178.Delegido, J., Verrelst, J., Alonso, L., Moreno, J. 2011. Evaluation of sentinel-2 red-edge bands for empirical estimation of green LAI and chlorophyll content. Sensors, 11(7), 7063-7081. https://doi.org/10.3390/s110707063Di Vittorio, C. A., Georgakakos, A. P. 2018. Land cover classification and wetland inundation mapping using MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 204, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.001Dong, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, D., Song, K., Li, L., Jia, M., Ding, Z. 2014. Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain, Northeast China. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 42(3), 569-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-013-0357-1Dvorett, D., Davis, C., Papeş, M. 2016. Mapping and Hydrologic Attribution of Temporary Wetlands Using Recurrent Landsat Imagery. Wetlands, 36(3), 431- 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0752-9Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Functions and Values of Wetlands. Watershed Academy Web. Washington. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/wetlandsfunctionsvaluesEscadafal, R. 1989. Remote sensing of arid soil surface color with Landsat thematic mapper. Advances in Space Research, 9(1), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(89)90481-XEtchelar, C. B. 2017. Erosive Processes in Wetlands. Rio Grande do Sul Federal University. Retrieved from https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/ handle/10183/171041/001054625.pdf?sequence=1Fariña, J. M., He, Q., Silliman, B. R., Bertness, M. D. 2017. Biogeography of salt marsh plant zonation on the Pacific coast of South America. Journal of Biogeography, 12, 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jbi.13109Fluet-Chouinard, E., Lehner, B., Rebelo, L. M., Papa, F., Hamilton, S. K. 2015. Development of a global inundation map at high spatial resolution from topographic downscaling of coarse-scale remote sensing data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 158, 348-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2014.10.015Friedl, M.A. M. A., Brodley, C. E. C. E. 1997. Decision tree classification of land cover from remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 61(3), 399- 409. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(97)00049-7Gao, B. C. 1996. NDWI - A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space. Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(3), 257- 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00067-3Gedan, K. B., Crain, C. M., Bertness, M. D. 2009. Smallmammal herbivore control of secondary succession in New-England tidal marshes. Ecology, 90(2), 430- 440. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0417.1Gitelson, A. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Merzlyak, M. N. 1996. Use of a green channel in remote sensing of global vegetation from EOS-MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment, 58(3), 289-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(96)00072-7Huete, A. R. 1988. A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Remote Sensing of Environment, 25(3), 295- 309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(88)90106-XJensen, J. R. 2007. Remote sensing of the environment : an earth resource perspective. Pearson Prentice Hall.Judd, C., Steinberg, S., Shaughnessy, F., Crawford, G. 2007. Mapping salt marsh vegetation using aerial hyperspectral imagery and linear unmixing in Humboldt Bay, California. Wetlands, 27(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277- 5212(2007)27[1144:msmvua]2.0.co;2Junk. 2013. Definição e Classificação das Áreas Úmidas (AUs) Brasileiras : Base Científica para uma Nova Política de Proteção e Manejo Sustentável Prefácio : Lista dos autores e suas instituições : Centro de Pesquisa Do Pantanal, BrazilJunk, W. J., Bayley, P. B., Sparks, R. E. 1989. The Flood Pulse Concept in River-Floodplain Systems. International Large River Symposium.Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. F. 2015. Áreas Úmidas (AUs) Brasileiras: Avanços e Conquistas Recentes. Boletim Ablimno, 41(2), 20-24.Junk, W. J., Piedade, M. T. F., Lourival, R., Wittmann, F., Kandus, P., Lacerda, L. D., Agostinho, A. A. 2014. Brazilian wetlands: Their definition, delineation, and classification for research, sustainable management, and protection. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 24(1), 5-22. https://doi. org/10.1002/aqc.2386Kandus, P., Minotti, P., Malvárez, A. I. 2008. Distribution of wetlands in Argentina estimated from soil charts. Acta Scientiarum - Biological Sciences, 30(4), 403-409. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i4.5870Kaplan, G., Avdan, U. 2017. Mapping and Monitoring Wetlands Using SENTINEL 2 Satellite Imagery. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, IV, 271-277. https:// doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-4-W4-271-2017Kaplan, G., Avdan, U. 2017. Wetland Mapping Using Sentinel 1 SAR Data. In Suha Ozden, R. Cengiz Akbulak, Cuneyt Erenoglu, Oznur Karaca, Faize Saris, & Mustafa Avcioglu (Eds.), International Symposium on GIS Applications in Geography & Geosciences.Kaufman, Y., Tanre, D. 1992. 1992. Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1109/36.134076Kulawardhana, R. W., Thenkabail, P. S., Vithanage, J., Biradar, C., Islam, M. A. a, Gunasinghe, S., Alankara, R. 2007. Evaluation of the wetland mapping methods using Landsat ETM+ and SRTM data. Journal of Spatial Hydrology, 7(2), 62-96. https://doi. org/10.1017/CBO9780511806049Lacaux, J. P., Tourre, Y. M., Vignolles, C., Ndione, J. A., Lafaye, M. 2007. Classification of ponds from highspatial resolution remote sensing: Application to Rift Valley Fever epidemics in Senegal. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106(1), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rse.2006.07.012Leite, M. G., Guasselli, L. A. 2013. Spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic macrophytes in Banhado Grande, Gravataí River basin,. Para Onde!?, 7(1), 17-24.Liu, L., Liu, Y. H., Liu, C. X., Wang, Z., Dong, J., Zhu, G. F., Huang, X. 2013. Potential effect and accumulation of veterinary antibiotics in Phragmites australis under hydroponic conditions. Ecological Engineering, 53, 138-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoleng.2012.12.033Mahdavi, S., Salehi, B., Amani, M., Granger, J. E., Brisco, B., Huang, W., Hanson, A. 2017. ObjectBased Classification of Wetlands in Newfoundland and Labrador Using Multi-Temporal PolSAR Data. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 43(5), 432-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2017.1342206Maltchik, L., Rolon, A. S., Guadagnin, D. L., Stenert, C. 2004. Wetlands of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a classification with emphasis on plant communities. Acta Limnol. Bras, 16(2), 137-151.Mao, R., Ye, S.-Y., Zhang, X.-H. 2018. SoilAggregate-Associated Organic Carbon Along Vegetation Zones in Tidal Salt Marshes in the Liaohe Delta. CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201800049McFeeters, S. K. 1996. The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(7), 1425-1432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948714Mcowen, C. J., Weatherdon, L. V, Bochove, J.-W. Van, Sullivan, E., Blyth, S., Zockler, C., Fletcher, S. 2017. A global map of saltmarshes. Biodiversity Data Journal, 5(5), e11764. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11764Miranda, C. de S., Paranho Filho, A. C., Pott, A. 2018. Changes in vegetation cover of the Pantanal wetland detected by vegetation index: a strategy for conservation. Biota Neotropica, 18(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2016-0297Mondal, I., Bandyopadhyay, J. 2014. Coastal Wetland Modeling Using Geoinformatics Technology of Namkhana Island, South 24 Parganas, WB, India. Open Access Library Journal, 975, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100975Nielsen, S. 1994. Geomorfologia da bacia do rio GravataíRS. In Bacia do rio Gravataí-RS: informações básicas para a gestão territorial (pp. 1-18). Porto Alegre: Proteger.Nunes da Cunha, C., Piedade, M. T. F., Junk, W. J. 2015. Classificação e Delineamento das Áreas Úmidas Brasileiras e de seus Macrohabitats. EdUFMT (Vol. 1). Cuiaba. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004Pearson, R. L., Miller, L. D. 1972. Remote Mapping of Standing Crop Biomass for Estimation of the Productivity of the Shortgrass Prairie. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8, 1355-1365.Pontius, R. G., Millones, M. 2011. Death to Kappa: Birth of quantity disagreement and allocation disagreement for accuracy assessment. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(15), 4407-4429. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.552923Qi, J., Chehbouni, A., Huete, A. R., Kerr, Y. H., Sorooshian, S. 1994. A modified soil adjusted vegetation index. Remote Sensing of Environment, 48(2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(94)90134-1Ramos, R. A., Pasqualetto, A. I., Balbueno, R. A., Quadros, E. L. L. de, Neves, D. D. das. 2014. Mapeamento e diagnóstico de áreas úmidas no Rio Grande do Sul, com o uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento. In Anais do Simposio de Áreas Protegidas (pp. 17-21). Viçosa.Ramsar. 2002. A Framework for Wetland Inventory. 8th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on Wetlands. Valencia. Retrieved from http://archive.ramsar.org/pdf/inventoryframework-2002.pdfRichardson, A. J., Wiegand, C. L. 1977. Distinguishing vegetation from soil background information. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 43(12), 1541-1552.Rossato, M. S. 2011. Os climas do Rio Grande do Sul: variabilidade, tendências e tipologia. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.Rouse, J. W., Hass, R. H., Schell, J. A., Deering, D. W. 1973. Monitoring vegetation systems in the great plains with ERTS. Third Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) Symposium, 1, 309-317. https://doi.org/citeulike-article-id:12009708Ruiz, L. F. C., Caten, A. ten, Dalmolin, R. S. D. 2014. Árvore de decisão e a densidade mínima de amostras no mapeamento da cobertura da terra. Ciência Rural, 44(6), 1001-1007. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782014000600008Sakané, N., Alvarez, M., Becker, M., Böhme, B., Handa, C., Kamiri, H. W., Langensiepen, M., Menz, G., Misana, S., Mogha, N. G., Möseler, B. M., Mwita, E. J., Oyieke, H. A., Van Wijk, M. T. 2011. Classification, characterisation, and use of small wetlands in East Africa. Wetlands, 31, 1103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-011-0221-4Sharma, A., Panigrahy, S., Singh, T. S., Patel, J. G., Tanwar, H. 2014. Wetland Information System Using Remote Sensing and GIS in Himachal Pradesh , India. Asian Journal of Geoinformatics, 14(4), 13-22.Sharpe, P. J., Kneipp, G., Forget, A. 2016. Comparison of Alternative Approaches for Wetlands Mapping: A Case Study from three U.S. National Parks. Wetlands, 36(3), 547-556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0764-5Silva, R. C. da. 2016. Estudo da dinâmica da fragilidade ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Gravataí, RS. Universidade Federal da Bahia.Simioni, J. P. D., Guasselli, L. A., Etchelar, C. B. 2017. Connectivity among Wetlands of EPA of Banhado Grande, RS Conetividade entre Áreas Úmidas, APA do Banhado Grande, RS. Brazilian Journal of Water Resources, 22(15). https://doi.org/10.1590/2318-0331.011716096Stefano, L. de. 2003. WWF ' s Water and Wetland Index Summary of Water Framework Directive results. WWF European Living Waters Programme c/o. San Francisco.Subramaniam, S., Saxena, M. 2011. Automated algorithm for extraction of wetlands from IRS resourcesat LISS III data. In International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (pp. 193-198). Bhopal.Teixeira, S. G. 2011. Radar de abertura sintética aplicado ao mapeamento e reconhecimento de zonas úmidas costeiras. Universidade Federal do Pará.Visser, J. M., Sasser, C. E. 1999. Marsh Vegetation of the Mississippi River Deltaic Plain. Estuaries, 21(4B), 818-828.Walsh, N., Bhattasali, N., Chay, F. 2014. Mapping Tidal Salt Marshes.White, D. C., Lewis, M. M., Green, G., Gotch, T. B. 2016. A generalizable NDVI-based wetland delineation indicator for remote monitoring of groundwater flows in the Australian Great Artesian Basin. Ecological Indicators, 60, 1309-1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.01.032Xu, H. 2006. Modification of normalised difference water index (NDWI) to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27(14), 3025-3033. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179Yan, D., Wünnemann, B., Hu, Y., Frenzel, P., Zhang, Y., Chen, K. 2017. Wetland evolution in the Qinghai Lake area, China, in response to hydrodynamic and eolian processes during the past 1100 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 162, 42-59.Zhou, Q., Jing, Z., Jiang, S. 2003. Remote sensing image fusion for different spectral and spatial resolutions with bilinear resampling wavelet transform. In Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2, 1206-1213. Shanghai: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2003.125267

    Pharmacological and partial biochemical characterization of Bmaj-9 isolated from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom

    Get PDF
    Bmaj-9, a basic PLA2 (13679.33 Da), was isolated from Bothrops marajoensis snake venom through only one chromatographic step in reversed phase HPLC on ¼-Bondapak C-18 column. The amino acid composition showed that Bmaj-9 had a high content of Lys, His, and Arg, typical of a basic PLA2. The sequence of Bmaj-9 contains 124 amino acid residues with a pI value of 8.55, such as DLWQWGQMIL KETGKLPFSY YTAYGCYCGW GGRGGKPKAD TDRCCFVHDC, revealing a high homology with Asp49 PLA2 from other snake venoms. It also exhibited a pronounced phospholipase A2 activity when compared with crude venom. In chick biventer cervicis preparations, the time for 50% and 100% neuromuscular paralysis was respectively (in minutes): 110 ± 10 (1 µg/mL); 40 ± 6 and 90 ± 2 (5 µg/mL); 30 ± 3 and 70 ± 5 (10 µg/mL); 42 ± 1 and 60 ± 2 (20 µg/mL), with no effect on the contractures elicited by either exogenous ACh (110 µM) or KCl (20 mM). Bmaj-9 (10 µg/mL) neither interfered with the muscular response to direct electrical stimulation in curarized preparations nor significantly altered the release of CK at 0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes incubations (27.4 ± 5, 74.2 ± 8, 161.0 ± 21 and 353.0 ± 47, respectively). The histological analysis showed that, even causing blockade at the maximum dosage (5 µg/mL), the toxin does not induce significant morphological alterations such as necrosis or infiltration of inflammatory cells. These results identified Bmaj-9 as a new member of the basic Asp49 PLA2 family able to interact with the motor nerve terminal membrane, thereby inducing a presynaptic neuromuscular blockade181627
    corecore