Multiparticle Interference, GHZ Entanglement, and Full Counting Statistics

We investigate the quantum transport in a generalized N-particle Hanbury Brown--Twiss setup enclosing magnetic flux, and demonstrate that the Nth-order cumulant of current cross correlations exhibits Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, while there is no such oscillation in all the lower-order cumulants. The multiparticle interference results from the orbital Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entanglement of N indistinguishable particles. For sufficiently strong Aharonov-Bohm oscillations the generalized Bell inequalities may be violated, proving the N-particle quantum nonlocality.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, published versio

Trade union strategy in Sydney's construction union: a Roman Catholic perspective

Rudd Government ministers have talked tough towards the more militant Australian trade unions since coming to office in November 2007. However, despite this, it is still fair to say that the removal of the Howard-Costello Government reduced neo-liberal hegemony by altering the invisible balance of power between capital and labour in the construction industry. Using a set of case studies, based on data obtained from fieldwork at the New South Wales, Australia branch of the Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU), we document key elements of union strategy at the branch level in the year immediately after the removal of the Howard-Costello Government. A key aspect of branch level strategy was building site visits by a team of organisers, led by the divisional state secretary, designed to rebuild influence on site and reconnect with workers. Furthermore, the CFMEU’s hiring of foreign language speaking organisers and production of foreign language publications is a praiseworthy attempt to reach out to ethnic minority workers and bring them under the ‘mainstream’ union umbrella. We use a theory framework of Roman Catholic social teaching to frame our discussions

Quantifying mixed-state quantum entanglement by optimal entanglement witness

We develop an approach of quantifying entanglement in mixed quantum states by the optimal entanglement witness operator. We identify the convex set of mixed states for which a single witness provides the exact value of an entanglement measure, and show that the convexity, properties, and symmetries of entanglement or of a target state considerably fix the form of the optimal witness. This greatly reduces difficulty in computing and experimentally determining entanglement measures. As an example, we show how to experimentally quantify bound entanglement in four-qubit noisy Smolin states and three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement under white noise. For general measures and states, we provide a numerical method to efficiently optimize witness.Comment: Supplemental material is include

Minimax optimization of entanglement witness operator for the quantification of three-qubit mixed-state entanglement

We develop a numerical approach for quantifying entanglement in mixed quantum states by convex-roof entanglement measures, based on the optimal entanglement witness operator and the minimax optimization method. Our approach is applicable to general entanglement measures and states and is an efficient alternative to the conventional approach based on the optimal pure-state decomposition. Compared with the conventional one, it has two important merits: (i) that the global optimality of the solution is quantitatively verifiable, and (ii) that the optimization is considerably simplified by exploiting the common symmetry of the target state and measure. To demonstrate the merits, we quantify Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entanglement in a class of three-qubit full-rank mixed states composed of the GHZ state, the W state, and the white noise, the simplest mixtures of states with different genuine multipartite entanglement, which have not been quantified before this work. We discuss some general properties of the form of the optimal witness operator and of the convex structure of mixed states, which are related to the symmetry and the rank of states

Effect of operating parameters and cleaning on the performance of ceramic membranes treating partially clarified sugar cane juice

The performance of ceramic membranes with pore sizes of 0.05 and 0.10 mm in purifying limed and partially clarified sugar cane juice was investigated under different operating conditions. From various operating conditions and strategies, switching off the permeate for 5 seconds for every 5 minutes (S5sT5 m) by an automated control valve provided higher flux. From the three pH experiments conducted on the 0.05 mm membrane, the best performance was observed at a pH of 7.5. Amongst the four fouling models tested, the cake filtration model fitted the performance of both membranes with higher accuracy at a transmembrane pressure of 0.5 bar. Filtering the cane juice through the membrane reduced the turbidity by 99.7%, color by 15%, and the starch concentration by 80% as well as increased the purity by 1.4%. The effective cleaning chemical composition from experimental results showed that 1% NaOH and 3000 ppm NaOCl solution performed the best but only for the experiments that were treating limed and partially clarified juice at pH 7.5.<br /

A Droplet State in an Interacting Two-Dimensional Electron System

It is well known that the dielectric constant of two-dimensional (2D) electron system goes negative at low electron densities. A consequence of the negative dielectric constant could be the formation of the droplet state. The droplet state is a two-phase coexistence region of high density liquid and low density "gas". In this paper, we carry out energetic calculations to study the stability of the droplet ground state. The possible relevance of the droplet state to recently observed 2D metal-insulator transition is also discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications

Supersymmetry approach to nuclear-spin-polarization-induced quantum dot structure calculations

In nuclear-spin-polarization-induced quantum dots the electrons are confined through local nuclear spin polarization. The model electron confinement potential is time-dependent due to the nuclear spin diffusion and relaxation processes. It can be well-approximated by a Gaussian curve which is not an exactly solvable potential. We demonstrate that it can also be approximated by multisoliton potentials for the zero value of the angular momentum and by their singular analogues for other values of momentum without any loss of calculational accuracy. We obtain these potentials by supersymmetric (or equivalently Darboux) transformations from the zero potential. The main advantage of such potentials is that they are exactly solvable. Time-dependence of the nuclear-spin-polarization-induced quantum dot energy levels is found.Comment: Physica E (in press) (2005

Towards unified understanding of conductance of stretched monatomic contacts

When monatomic contacts are stretched, their conductance behaves in qualitatively different ways depending on their constituent atomic elements. Under a single assumption of resonance formation, we show that various conductance behavior can be understood in a unified way in terms of the response of the resonance to stretching. This analysis clarifies the crucial roles played by the number of valence electrons, charge neutrality, and orbital shapes.Comment: 2 figure