Effect of fatty Amazon fish consumption on lipid metabolism

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin on lipid metabolism. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group treated with commercial chow; Mapará group was fed diet enriched with Hypophthalmus edentatus; Matrinxã group was fed diet enriched with Brycon spp.; and, Tambaqui group was fed diet enriched with Colossoma macropomum. Rats with approximately 240g±0.60 of body weight were fed ad libitum for 30 days, and then were sacrificed for collection of whole blood and tissues. RESULTS: The groups treated with enriched diets showed a significant reduction in body mass and lipogenesis in the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissues and carcass when compared with the control group. However, lipogenesis in the liver showed an increase in Matrinxã group compared with the others groups. The levels of serum triglycerides in the treated groups with Amazonian fish were significantly lower than those of the control group. Moreover, total cholesterol concentration only decreased in the group Matrinxã. High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly in the Mapará and Tambaqui compared with control group and Matrinxã group. The insulin and leptin levels increased significantly in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that diets enriched with fatty fish from the Amazon basin changed the lipid metabolism by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in rats fed with diets enriched with Mapará, Matrinxã, and Tambaqui

Kann Zähnebürsten die intraorale Viruslast von SARS-CoV-2 reduzieren? Eine Pilotstudie mit einer Zahnpasta, die ein antimikrobiell wirksames Phthalocyanin-Derivat enthält

The aim of this study was to assess whether toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative (APD) can reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty COVID-19-positive dentate patients aged >=18 years were selected instructed to brush their teeth for 2 min with a dentifrice containing APD. Self-collected samples of unstimulated saliva were carried out three times: T0 (baseline), T5 (5 min after toothbrushing), and T30 (30 min after toothbrushing). The analysis of viral RNA was performed by RT-qPCR for detection of three viral genes (ORF1ab, N and S genes). Results were statistically tested using Friedman's test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni corrections, with a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in the cycle threshold (Ct) value from T0 to T5 in 13 patients (72.2%), and from T0 to T30 in 14 patients (77.8%). In two patients (11.1%) no SARS-CoV-2 was detected at T5 and five patients (27.8%) at T30. The Ct values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.020) at T30 in comparison to T0 and T5. This pilot study suggests that toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing APD could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity. However, further studies are needed to confirm this possible beneficial effect against SARS-CoV-2.Es sollte untersucht werden, ob Zähneputzen mit einer Zahnpasta, die ein antimikrobielles Phthalocyanin-Derivat (APD) enthält, die intraorale Viruslast von SARS-CoV-2 verringern kann. 20 COVID-19-positive Zahnpatienten im Alter von 18 Jahren oder älter wurden ausgewählt und mussten sich 2 min lang mit einer APD-haltigen Zahnpasta die Zähne bürsten.Proben von unstimuliertem Speichel wurden von den Probanden dreimal selbst entnommen: T0 (Ausgangswert), T5 (5 min nach dem Zähneputzen) und T30 (30 min nach dem Zähneputzen). Die Analyse der viralen RNA wurde mittels RT-qPCR zum Nachweis von drei viralen Genen (ORF1ab, N und S) durchgeführt. Verwendet wurde der Friedman-Test und der paarweise Vergleich mit Bonferroni-Korrektur mit einem Signifikanzniveau von 5% v Bei 13 Patienten (72,2%) stieg der Zyklus-Schwellenwert Ct von T0 auf T5 und bei 14 Patienten (77,8%) von T0 auf T30 an. Bei zwei Patienten (11,1%) wurde bei T5 kein SARS-CoV-2 nachgewiesen und bei fünf Patienten (27,8%) bei T30. Die Ct-Werte waren bei T30 im Vergleich zu T0 und T5 signifikant höher (p=0,020). Die Pilotstudie deutet darauf hin, dass Zähneputzen mit einer APD-haltigen Zahnpasta die SARS-CoV-2-Viruslast in der Mundhöhle verringern könnte. Es sind jedoch weitere Studien erforderlich, um diese mögliche positive Wirkung gegen SARS-CoV-2 zu bestätigen