The relation between the dignity of the disabled person and the value of human embryos

In the last few decades, it has been notorious the increased offer of genetic testing for prenatal diagnosis as well as their application for pregnancy interruption or discarding embryos in assisted reproduction. At the same time, many movements and organizations have emerged to affirm the dignity of people with disabilities and their right to the full inclusion of their lives in society. This article intends to analyze these two movements and highlight their contradictions. We question whether it is possible to dissociate the anomalous embryo and fetus disposal practices from eugenics’ assumptions of the early twentieth century, and the consistency of such practices. The deliberation is conducted considering that clearly we are looking at movements that point to opposite directions and the discussion needs to be expanded coherently. Movements in favor of people with disabilities have already achieved many legislative and political advances in recent decades, however, they still have a lot to confront in relation to the medical or deterministic model of disability, which has been built and socially reinforced pointing disability as a problem to be eliminated. This discourse peaks with the legitimacy conferred to genetic testing as a way of overcoming the problem of disabilities by eliminating the “disabled” themselves.Nas últimas décadas, foi notória a ampliação da oferta de testes genéticos de diagnóstico pré-natal, inclusive para fins de interrupção de gravidez ou descarte de embriões na reprodução assistida. Paralelamente, surgiram muitos movimentos e organizações no sentido de afirmar a dignidade das pessoas com deficiência e seu direito a uma vida plenamente incluída na sociedade. Este artigo pretende analisar esses dois movimentos e destacar suas contradições. Questionamos se é possível dissociar as práticas de eliminação de embriões e fetos anômalos dos pressupostos eugênicos do início do século XX, bem como a coerência dessas práticas. A reflexão é conduzida considerando que, claramente, estamos assistindo a movimentos que apontam para posições opostas e que a discussão precisa ser ampliada de forma coerente. Os movimentos em prol das pessoas com deficiência já alcançaram muitos avanços legislativos e políticos nas últimas décadas, contudo ainda têm muito a enfrentar em relação ao modelo médico ou determinista de deficiência, construído e reforçado socialmente apontando a deficiência como um problema a ser eliminado. O ápice desse discurso se dá na legitimidade conferida aos testes genéticos como forma de superação do problema das deficiências através da eliminação do próprio “deficiente”.&nbsp

Perfil dos usuários que utilizam antipsicóticos atípicos em um serviço de saúde mental de Ouro Preto - Minas Gerais / Profile of users who use atypical antipsychotics in a mental health service of Ouro Preto - Minas Gerais

O presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa observacional descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa que utiliza de um levantamento de dados secundários, a partir de prontuários clínicos de pacientes atendidos no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Ouro Preto (CAPS I – OP). Conclui-se que a maioria dos usuários que utilizaram antipsicóticos atípicos no CAPSI - OP no período analisado eram do sexo feminino, solteiros, com idade média de 42 anos, com ensino médio incompleto, residentes em Ouro Preto, e que foram inseridos no serviço entre 2005 a 2014. O diagnóstico predominante de patologias mentais relacionadas ao CID F20 – F29, correspondente a esquizofrenia, transtornos esquizotípicos e transtornos delirantes para ambos os sexos, e o principal medicamento utilizado foi a Olanzapina

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data