Analisis Voice Dalam Sintaksis Bahasa Melayu: Satu Pendekatan Program Minimalis

Kajian ini meneliti ayat dengan kata kerja berawalan di- (ayat di-KK) dan ayat dengan kata kerja tanpa awalan (ayat Ø-KK) dalam bahasa Melayu. Objektif kajian ialah menghuraikan ayat di-KK dan ayat Ø-KK secara deskriptif dan teoretis berdasarkan konsep voice dan pendekatan Program Minimalis (1995, 2000, 2001). Ayat di-KK dan ayat Ø-KK dikutip daripada buku-buku tatabahasa dan karya ilmiah tatabahasa bahasa Melayu, korpus dan soal selidik penilaian kebolehterimaan ayat. Kajian ini melibatkan 56 orang penutur jati bahasa Melayu yang merupakan penuntut di Universiti Sains Malaysia. Berdasarkan min kebolehterimaan ayat, kehadiran FDAGEN yang diterima dalam binaan FDTEMA + (Kala) + di-KK + (oleh + FDAGEN) ialah diri ketiga > KGND 1 > KGND 2. Kebolehterimaan ayat pasif di-KK dengan FDAGEN KGDN 1 dan KGND 2 meningkat apabila GN kendiri sendiri hadir mengikuti FDAGEN. Ayat di-KK(-nya) + FDTEMA dinilai sebagai ayat yang berterima. FDTEMA yang hadir pasca di-KK(-nya) dibuktikan sebagai subjek ayat dan di-KK(-nya) ditopikalisasi ke pangkal ayat. Min kebolehterimaan ayat memperlihatkan kehadiran FDAGEN dalam binaan ayat FDTEMA + (Kala) + FDAGEN + Ø-KK adalah berterima dalam turutan KGND 1 > KGND 2 > KGND 3 > FD diri ketiga: kata nama khas > FD diri ketiga: FD am. Ketiga-tiga jenis FDAGEN adalah berterima dalam binaan ayat FDAGEN + Ø-KK + FDTEMA. Namun, peratus kebolehterimaan bagi ayat tersebut adalah lebih rendah apabila Kala dizahirkan di pangkal ayat

Kajian korpus frasa adverba cara Bahasa Melayu

Selama ini dinyatakan dengan jelas dalam buku-buku tatabahasa Bahasa Melayu (Asraf, 1989; Nik Safiah et al., 2015; Za’ba, 2000), bahawa preposisi dengan wajib diikuti oleh frasa nama untuk membentuk frasa preposisi. Sekiranya preposisi dengan diikuti oleh frasa adjektif, kata adjektif tersebut perlu menerima kata pembenda -nya sebagai unsur wajib bagi membentuk kata nama. Kata nama ini menjadi kepala dalam frasa nama dan seterusnya menjadi komplemen kepada preposisi dengan (Asraf, 1989; Nik Safiah et al., 2015). Walaubagaimanapun, berdasarkan penelitian ke atas data korpus, hasil dapatan kajian ini menemukan beberapa hal yang utama. Pertama, kajian ini mendapati bahawa kata dengan boleh juga diikuti oleh kata adjektif tanpa kehadiran kata -nya. Data kajian ini memperlihatkan bahawa apabila dengan diikuti oleh frasa adjektif sama ada dalam binaan [FA A + -nya] atau [FA A] , binaan yang terhasil adalah frasa atau klausa adverba dan bukannya frasa preposisi kerana frasa tersebut menepati ciri-ciri suatu adverba dengan fungsinya sebagai adverba cara, iaitu dengan maksud ‘cara sesuatu perbuatan itu dilakukan’. Kedua, kajian ini mengkategorikan kata -nya dalam binaan [A + -nya] sebagai kata penguat yang bertugas untuk menguatkan maksud ‘kesangatan’ yang terkandung dalam kata atau frasa adjektif. Oleh itu, kata -nya dalam frasa adverba ini bukanlah kata pembenda. Ketiga, kata ‘dengan’ pula bukanlah preposisi tetapi ia adalah kata hubung keterangan yang mengambil klausa sebagai komplemen. Secara keseluruhannya struktur dengan + klausa komplemen dalam dapatan tersebut adalah klausa keterangan/adverba. Analisis kajian ini tertumpu kepada ayat yang mengandungi struktur binaan predikat [kata kerja ber- + dengan + komplemen] dengan klausa dengan + [FA A + -nya]/[FA A] adalah klausa adverba yang menyatakan maksud ‘cara sesuatu perbuatan/tindakan dilakukan’. Kajian ini memanfaatkan Korpus DBP dalam talian dan ayat -ayat contoh dalam karya ilmiah tentang tatabahasa bahasa Melayu

The Global academic research organization network: Data sharing to cure diseases and enable learning health systems.

Introduction:Global data sharing is essential. This is the premise of the Academic Research Organization (ARO) Council, which was initiated in Japan in 2013 and has since been expanding throughout Asia and into Europe and the United States. The volume of data is growing exponentially, providing not only challenges but also the clear opportunity to understand and treat diseases in ways not previously considered. Harnessing the knowledge within the data in a successful way can provide researchers and clinicians with new ideas for therapies while avoiding repeats of failed experiments. This knowledge transfer from research into clinical care is at the heart of a learning health system. Methods:The ARO Council wishes to form a worldwide complementary system for the benefit of all patients and investigators, catalyzing more efficient and innovative medical research processes. Thus, they have organized Global ARO Network Workshops to bring interested parties together, focusing on the aspects necessary to make such a global effort successful. One such workshop was held in Austin, Texas, in November 2017. Representatives from Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Europe, and the United States reported on their efforts to encourage data sharing and to use research to inform care through learning health systems. Results:This experience report summarizes presentations and discussions at the Global ARO Network Workshop held in November 2017 in Austin, TX, with representatives from Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Europe, and the United States. Themes and recommendations to progress their efforts are explored. Standardization and harmonization are at the heart of these discussions to enable data sharing. In addition, the transformation of clinical research processes through disruptive innovation, while ensuring integrity and ethics, will be key to achieving the ARO Council goal to overcome diseases such that people not only live longer but also are healthier and happier as they age. Conclusions:The achievement of global learning health systems will require further exploration, consensus-building, funding aligned with incentives for data sharing, standardization, harmonization, and actions that support global interests for the benefit of patients

Foam and Antifoam Behavior of PDMS in MDEA-PZ Solution in the Presence of Different Degradation Products for CO2 Absorption Process

Absorption is one of the most established techniques to capture CO2 from natural gas and post-combustion processes. Nevertheless, the absorption process frequently suffers from various operational issues, including foaming. The main objective of the current work is to elucidate the effect of degradation product on the foaming behavior in methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and piperazine (PZ) solution and evaluate the antifoaming performance of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) antifoam. The foaming behavior was investigated based on types of degradation product, temperature, and gas flow rate. The presence of glycine, heptanoic acid, hexadecane, and bicine in MDEA-PZ solution cause significant foaming. The presence of hexadecane produced the highest amount of foam, followed by heptanoic acid, glycine and lastly bicine. It was found that increasing the gas flow rate increases foaming tendency and foam stability. Furthermore, increasing temperature increases foaming tendency, but reduces foam stability. Moreover, PDMS antifoam was able to reduce foam formation in the presence of different degradation products and at various temperatures and gas flow rates. It was found that PDMS antifoam works best in the presence of hexadecane with the highest average foam height reduction of 19%. Hence, this work will demonstrate the cause of foaming and the importance of antifoam in reducing its effect

Investigation of sensor-based quantitative model for badminton skill analysis and assessment

Badminton is one of the most popular sports in Malaysia. The main aim of this project is to investigate sets of movements in badminton training using sensors, to identify the good movement that enhance badminton performance. In addition, this project also aims to identify measurable parameters to quantify badminton skill levels. The performance of elite players will be studied to identify benchmark values for these measurable parameters. A quantitative model will be proposed using these measurable parameters to help in the objective assessment of skill levels. Findings of this project will help badminton players to improve their techniques, as well as providing an objective measurement to assess badminton skills

Mobile text reader for people with low vision

People with low vision have visual acuity less than 6/18 and at least 3/60 in the better eye, with correction. The limited vision requires them to enhance their reading ability using magnifying glass or electronic screen magnifier. However, people with severe low vision have difficulty and suffer fatigue from using such assistive tool. This paper presents the development of a mobile text reader dedicated for people with low vision. The mobile text reader is developed as a mobile application that allows user to capture an image of texts and then translate the texts into audio format. One main contribution of this work compared to typical optical character recognition (OCR) engines or text-to-speech engines is the addition of image stitching feature. The image stitching feature can produce one single image from multiple poorly aligned images, and is integrated into the process of image acquisition. Either single or composite image is subsequently uploaded to a cloud-based OCR engine for robust character recognition. Eventually, a text-to-speech (TTS) synthesizer reproduces the word recognized in a natural-sounding speech. The whole series of computation is implemented as a mobile application to be run from a smartphone, allowing the visual impaired to access text information independently

Examining intra-rater and inter-rater response agreement: A medical chart abstraction study of a community-based asthma care program

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To assess the intra- and inter-rater agreement of chart abstractors from multiple sites involved in the evaluation of an Asthma Care Program (ACP).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>For intra-rater agreement, 110 charts randomly selected from 1,433 patients enrolled in the ACP across eight Ontario communities were re-abstracted by 10 abstractors. For inter-rater agreement, data abstractors reviewed a set of eight fictitious charts. Data abstraction involved information pertaining to six categories: physical assessment, asthma control, spirometry, asthma education, referral visits, and medication side effects. Percentage agreement and the kappa statistic (κ) were used to measure agreement. Sensitivity and specificity estimates were calculated comparing results from all raters against the gold standard.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Intra-rater re-abstraction yielded an overall kappa of 0.81. Kappa values for the chart abstraction categories were: physical assessment (κ 0.84), asthma control (κ 0.83), spirometry (κ 0.84), asthma education (κ 0.72), referral visits (κ 0.59) and medication side effects (κ 0.51). Inter-rater abstraction of the fictitious charts produced an overall kappa of 0.75, sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.89. Abstractors demonstrated agreement for physical assessment (κ 0.88, sensitivity and specificity 0.95), asthma control (κ 0.68, sensitivity 0.89, specificity 0.85), referral visits (κ 0.77, sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.95), and asthma education (κ 0.49, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.77).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Though collected by multiple abstractors, the results show high sensitivity and specificity and substantial to excellent inter- and intra-rater agreement, assuring confidence in the use of chart abstraction for evaluating the ACP.</p

Venous access devices for the delivery of long-term chemotherapy: the CAVA three-arm RCT

Background: Venous access devices are used for patients receiving long-term chemotherapy. These include centrally inserted tunnelled catheters or Hickman-type devices (Hickman), peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) and centrally inserted totally implantable venous access devices (PORTs). Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of these devices for the central delivery of chemotherapy. Design: An open, multicentre, randomised controlled trial to inform three comparisons: (1) peripherally inserted central catheters versus Hickman, (2) PORTs versus Hickman and (3) PORTs versus peripherally inserted central catheters. Pre-trial and post-trial qualitative research and economic evaluation were also conducted. Setting: This took place in 18 UK oncology centres. Participants: Adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) receiving chemotherapy (≥ 12 weeks) for either a solid or a haematological malignancy were randomised via minimisation. Interventions: Hickman, peripherally inserted central catheters and PORTs. Primary outcome: A composite of infection (laboratory confirmed, suspected catheter related and exit site infection), mechanical failure, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, inability to aspirate blood and other complications in the intention-to-treat population. Results: Overall, 1061 participants were recruited to inform three comparisons. First, for the comparison of peripherally inserted central catheters (n = 212) with Hickman (n = 212), it could not be concluded that peripherally inserted central catheters were significantly non-inferior to Hickman in terms of complication rate (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.71). The use of peripherally inserted central catheters compared with Hickman was associated with a substantially lower cost (–£1553) and a small decrement in quality-adjusted life-years gained (–0.009). Second, for the comparison of PORTs (n = 253) with Hickman (n = 303), PORTs were found to be statistically significantly superior to Hickman in terms of complication rate (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.77). PORTs were found to dominate Hickman with lower costs (–£45) and greater quality-adjusted life-years gained (0.004). This was alongside a lower complications rate (difference of 14%); the incremental cost per complication averted was £1.36. Third, for the comparison of PORTs (n = 147) with peripherally inserted central catheters (n = 199), PORTs were found to be statistically significantly superior to peripherally inserted central catheters in terms of complication rate (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 0.83). PORTs were associated with an incremental cost of £2706 when compared with peripherally inserted central catheters and a decrement in quality-adjusted life-years gained (–0.018) PORTs are dominated by peripherally inserted central catheters: alongside a lower complications rate (difference of 15%), the incremental cost per complication averted was £104. The qualitative work showed that attitudes towards all three devices were positive, with patients viewing their central venous access device as part of their treatment and recovery. PORTs were perceived to offer unique psychological benefits, including a greater sense of freedom and less intrusion in the context of personal relationships. The main limitation was the lack of adequate power (54%) in the non-inferiority comparison between peripherally inserted central catheters and Hickman. Conclusions: In the delivery of long-term chemotherapy, peripherally inserted central catheters should be considered a cost-effective option when compared with Hickman. There were significant clinical benefits when comparing PORTs with Hickman and with peripherally inserted central catheters. The health economic benefits were less clear from the perspective of incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained. However, dependent on the willingness to pay, PORTs may be considered to be cost-effective from the perspective of complications averted. Future work: The deliverability of a PORTs service merits further study to understand the barriers to and methods of improving the service. Trial registration: This trial is registered as ISRCTN44504648. Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NHIR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 47. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information

Investigation of type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease susceptibility loci for association with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BACKGROUND: There is strong evidence suggesting that juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) shares many susceptibility loci with other autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate variants robustly associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or coeliac disease (CD) for association with JIA. METHODS: Sixteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) already identified as susceptibility loci for T1D/CD were selected for genotyping in patients with JIA (n=1054) and healthy controls (n=3129). Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using the Cochrane-Armitage trend test implemented in PLINK. RESULTS: One SNP in the LPP gene, rs1464510, showed significant association with JIA (p(trend)=0.002, OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.30). A second SNP, rs653178 in ATXN2, also showed nominal evidence for association with JIA (p(trend)=0.02, OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25). The SNP, rs17810546, in IL12A showed subtype-specific association with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) subtype (p(trend)=0.005, OR=1.88, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.94). CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for a novel JIA susceptibility locus, LPP, is presented. Association at the SH2B3/ATXN2 locus, previously reported to be associated with JIA in a US series, also supports this region as contributing to JIA susceptibility. In addition, a subtype-specific association of IL12A with ERA is identified. All findings will require validation in independent JIA cohorts